Snorri Sturluson - Icelandic umlobi nesazi-mlando sezombusazwe

Snorri Sturluson - edumile Icelandic imbongi, umlobi nesazi-mlando futhi sikahulumeni. Ubizwa sokuba eqoqwe le milando ubudala zaseScandinavia ezaziwayo, imisebenzi yakhe, namanje ngenkuthalo kuyisayensi yomlando isikhumbuzo esibalulekile salokhu umlando ka-emazweni enyakatho lasendulo.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Snorri Sturluson wazalwa ngo 1178 e-Iceland. Yena kwakungekaNkulunkulu ozala abaninimhlaba abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Snorri wakhulela emndenini isihlobo esihle inkosi yaseNorway, lapho athola imfundo enhle. Ngokuzayo umlobi odumile, watadisha umthetho, izinkondlo, izincwadi, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, safike bajwayelane milando lasendulo, lapho kamuva kwakheka isisekelo imisebenzi yakhe edumile. Usosayensi ngokushesha yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi imbongi abanamakhono futhi ummeli.

Yena kahle washada ngo-1199, futhi umkakhe wathola isipho esihle. Empeleni, wayedume ikhono lakhe ukuletha yena backers eqinile futhi ngosizo izihlobo zabo imishado ukuthola abavikela abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Snorri Sturluson wayedume ezweni lakubo njengoba abanamakhono isibalo somphakathi, njengoba kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi yena wakhethwa lawspeaker - sesimweni lokho kwakubhekwa njengobufakazi yodumo ngaleso sikhathi. Nokho, kamuva, umsebenzi wakhe zezombusazwe sashintsha isigubhukane.

ENorway

Snorri Sturluson e 1218 washiya ikhaya futhi zayiswa inkonzo inkosi yaseNorway. Yena ngisesemncani khulu, futhi ngesikhathi ibamba Jarl Schooley. umbhali Icelandic baba nobungane naye futhi aba umsekeli wakhe, nokho yokugcina wazama ukuqinisa amandla akhe, sibambe lo mbusi osemusha. Imbongi wajabulela ukusekelwa inkantolo Norwegian futhi egqigqa ithonya labo okushiwo ngokuqondile ukuthi wasebenzisa ukuxhuma ezweni lakubo Norway. Yiqiniso, lokhu sokuma kwezepolitiki zonakalise idumela lakhe ezweni lakubo, lapho osopolitiki abaningi abavelele babekholelwa ukuthi akakwazi ukubamba okusezingeni eliphezulu ehhovisi lawspeaker. Snorri Sturluson, biography Kuyathakazelisa ups eziningi ezinhle nezimbi phakathi zezombusazwe, Nokho, eyaziwa ngokuthi usosayensi futhi ngalendoda Antiquities zaseScandinavia.

skaldic izinkondlo ebhukwinitifundvo

umbhali Icelandic idume kokuba eqoqwe futhi ngokufingqiwe imisebenzi yakhe, imithombo basezinganekwaneni Nordic eminingi yasendulo. Indlela yokuthi ngesikhathi lapho le misebenzi ishicilelwe, leli siko basezinganekwaneni isivele ebohla ku esedlule. Kodwa ligugu imisebenzi umlobi onomusa kakhulu wafika ukuhlangana curiosities etemibhalo. Snorri Sturluson, "Ed" ( "Edda"), okuyinto mhlawumbe yezindawo ezidumile iningi lemisebenzi yakhe, wayelithanda ezinganekwaneni zasendulo kanye zamasiko. Kulesi sisekelo kuwukuthi 1220-yalolucwaningo wadala umsebenzi yakhe edumile izinkondlo skaldic, okuyinto ebekwe yazi umfundi amasu lokusungula olusankondlo lasendulo. Kodwa msebenzi umqondo ezithakazelisayo futhi eyingqayizivele zomlando, lapho izinganekwane, le nganekwane eduze okwakuthandelene nomunye, ukuze mpikiswano mayelana nokuqukethwe nokubaluleka kwalo msebenzi namanje impikiswano phakathi ososayensi.

isakhiwo

Umthombo esiyinhloko imbongi isibe Saga. Snorri Sturluson esekelwe lolu hlobo temdzabu uhlobo wadala umsebenzi wakhe. okuqukethwe abathandwayo "Edda Omncane", lapho afike akhokha khona umbono wakhe zomhlaba kanye nomlando wayo. Ivula ubhala kwesandulela, lapho izinkulumo mlando mayelana nendlela amaqhawe zaseScandinavia kwesokunxele Troy sazinza khona enyakatho yeYurophu, lapho abantu bakhona neyaziwayo igunya labo. Ingxenye yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi i- "Gylfaginning". Kuyo umbhali isitshela indaba kanjani konung bahamba ulwazi kanye nenqubo yokufunda uyezwa emhlabeni kanye nezimiso kusebenta kwato. Le ngoma kwaba elula kunazo ngencazelo zaseScandinavia imibono basezinganekwaneni mayelana nemvelo, indawo yonke nakho izindaba mayelana namaqhawe edume kanye lulwimi edume.

Ingxenye yesithathu osebenzelana izisekelo izinkondlo. Bona Snorri ulandisa izimiso eziyisisekelo izinkondlo zaseScandinavia, ukugxila emasu lafana amagama ezishintshashintshayo ezahlukene notation lucebe. Ekugcineni, engxenyeni yokugcina kuyinto inombolo yonke ivesi izingoma nombhali, obona isimo esimenza isibonelo sabo ubonisa embodiments ahlukahlukene mavesi zaseScandinavia. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi ukuphila izinkondlo umbhali ayengathobekile ethandwa - kunalokho, avame bagxekwa isitayela yayo eziwubukhazikhazi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ngomfanekiso imicabango nemibono. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje abahlaziyi bemibhalo ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe lyrical njengoba lesikhumbuzo ezithakazelisayo mbumbulu izimbongi zaseScandinavia lasendulo.

Collection milando

Enye abaqoqi edume kunazo yezinto zakudala kwaba Snorri Sturluson. "I kwesiyingi somhlaba" - umkhiqizo esiyingqayizivele, equkethe omningi impahla zomlando hhayi kuphela emazweni Nordic, kodwa isimo esinjalo enkulu njengoba sidilizwa Russia, wayiyisa eByzantium, eNgilandi. Umbhali wabhala umsebenzi wakhe ngesisekelo kokubili imithombo ebhalwe futhi ngomlomo. Kodwa isisekelo sokuthatheka umsebenzi wakhe endaweni yokuqala waya izinkondlo skaldic, njengoba yena ngokwakhe uthi esandulelweni sakhe. Wacaphuna izimbongi eziningi odumile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ube kwenkululeko ambalwa indwangu yabo, ngokuvamile reprises storylines eziningi.

imithombo

Umlobi ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa ulwazi okubhaliwe kwasekuqaleni le milando ezihlukahlukene amakhosi Norwegian. Wabuye wadonsela yezinganekwane, imizekeliso nobuqhawe lasendulo. Ngakho, kungaba ezimbalwa ezikhonjwe emsebenzini wakhe omusha izingqimba kwamasiko. kakhulu Ukwakheka yokuqala engakaze balondolozwa. Kufikwe kithi kubala kuphela abahleli ngabanye, izinguqulo, okwenza kube nzima umsebenzi ekuboneni yokuqala, yokuqala, embhalweni wokuqala. Futhi umsebenzi wakhe esashiwo Snorri Sturluson mayelana lwamaSlav. Ngakho, ebhala ngaleli zwe, okwakubekelwa esenyakatho yeBlack Sea. Ubiza emfuleni Don (iqiniso, encwadini yakhe ethi, walunika elinye igama). Ngokubona kwakhe, lezi zindawo, okuyinto ke ukuvalelwa Russia Lasendulo, babe onqenqemeni umhlaba, wahlala khona kubantu abangabazi.

eminye imisebenzi

Ngo 1220-1240-yalolucwaningo isazi sabhala "The Saga Egils." Lesi sikhathi waphendukela umlando ezweni labo futhi ifomu basezinganekwaneni kutjelwa umlando yezabasebenzi Icelandic, oqala 9 ziphethe ngekhulu le-11. Maphakathi eyibhalela - indaba skald Egil, okuyinto uvezwa njengoMahluleli sibalo kakhulu. Umndeni wakhe lungekho emakhosini, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi engathathi isinyathelo ngokungagunci ngokumelene nabo. Snorri likhuluma ngezinsizwa nezintombi zakhe emazweni Nordic, okuholela izinkondlo zakhe. Encwadini yakhe ethi entsha, utshela indaba ezizukulwane eziningana, okuvumela it ukuba phaka-panorama ebanzi abantu Icelandic esikhathini bokuqala. ifomu aphathelene nezinganekwane eziningana likhulise langempela amaqiniso zomlando, kodwa manje ngimbone njengoba umthombo Saga ngokufunda umlando Iceland lasendulo.

Omunye umsebenzi esiphawulekayo mlando - "Saga Hlukanisa ka-Olaf oNgcwele." Lokhu Norwegian-inkosi wahlala futhi abusa ngekhulu le-11 futhi waba hristianizatorom kuqala ezweni labo. Washona ngo 1030, kodwa ngonyaka olandelayo abagcotshwa. Snorri emsebenzini wakhe isitshela indaba zobuqhawe bakhe ngaphandle kwezwe, ngomzabalazo wayo ne-Swedish King, ebaleka eRussia bese ngibuyela ekhaya ukuba bathole amandla kabusha, futhi nokunxusa kwakhe.

eminyakeni yamuva

I-career zombusazwe umbhali lakhula ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha, kodwa yaphela kabuhlungu kakhulu. Sishilo kakade ukuthi asekelwe Jarl Schooley, owayeneminyaka ibamba isikhathi amakhosi ezincane Norwegian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babesekela umbono wokuba inhlangano ye-Iceland futhi Norway. Nale isikhundla njengokulindelekile wayenezitha eziningi. Ngenani yayo, inkosi, yebo, ayikwazanga ayikhuthazi izikhundla zezombusazwe mlando. Abaphikisi ekhaya futhi ngenkuthalo wakhuthaza ukuphuca kuye ngokokusebenza kwamandla akhe. Lokhu tangle eziphikisanayo kwaholela isiphetho esibuhlungu: umbhali wabulawa ngonya e 1241, futhi le ndaba ezimbi kubonakala kwelinye le milando, ukuze isiphetho esidabukisayo usosayensi odumile owazi cishe zonke skandinavets. Snorri Sturluson, ogama izincwadi ziwumthombo esibalulekile komlando wasendulo, negalelo elikhulu lezi zincwadi futhi historiography.