Amblyopia - kuyini? Amblyopia Ezinganeni: ngokwezinga kanye nokwelashwa

Ngokwezibalo zamuva, amblyopia itholwe 2% abantu abadala ezweni lethu, kodwa izingane isimo kuyiwa, njengoba kufakazelwa izikhalazo njalo kuya engomahamba noma izikhungo zokwelapha ezikhethekile. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, iningi abazali abasha awazi yini amblyopia ezinganeni, futhi akukhona uyazi izimpawu zayo nje kuphela kodwa futhi ngemiphumela kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, impendulo yalo mbuzo futhi lunikezelwe sihloko lanamuhla.

Kuyini amblyopia

Lokhu zokugula, okuthiwa "oyivila" 'iso, elinesimo ukwehla esethola embonweni kwelinye noma kokubili amehlo kancane. Lokhu kungenxa kwempilo obusebenzayo ezifana strabismus, zokugula phansi iso cataract. Ngenxa yalokhu siyabhubha ukudluliswa kanye nombono ezanele yesithombe. Ngenxa yalokho, omunye ubona ezimbili izithombe ezahlukene kakhulu esikhundleni esisodwa ngobuningi, ukuze umsebenzi linye siqala ukuyiveza ekugcineni ukuwohloka. Njengoba yaziwa, uma okungenani oyedwa isitho akusebenzi kubantu, ngeke yoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho, ukwelashwa waqala usheshe namathuba angcono okululama egcwele ingane. Kodwa lokhu ukuze.

izinhlobo amblyopia

Iphendula umbuzo amblyopia - kuyini, kufanele kusho ukuthi isifo kungenziwa kudidaniswe nezinye pathologies, nakho kungaholela ukwehla acuity ezibukwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme leli phutha, cabangela izinhlobo amblyopia.

Hlukanisa amafomu zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Ukuze eyinhloko zihlanganisa:

1. amblyopia yezokubona, okubonakala nezingane imisiwe yezokubona ukulungisa iphutha. Ukwabela eyodwa emaceleni, kabili emaceleni, ziyalingana futhi engalingani.
2. amblyopia Strabismic. Njengoba ungase kakade ukuqagela, ngokusekelwe isifo ukuphazamiseka umbono Binocular, okuyinto kwabangela squint nokuntuleka ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, lo zokugula kuzibonakalisa ngokucacile okwengeziwe iso ukuthi squints.
3. Ezixutshiwe amblyopia, okuyinto waveza kokubili amafomu amafomu yezokubona futhi strabismic.
4. amblyopia akahlanye. Ukwehlisa lokhu kwenzeka kwenzeka iziyaluyalu isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ngokuvamile, imbangela kungase kube ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo.

Mayelana amblyopia yesibili kumele wazi ukuthi yini imbangela yalesi sifo kungaba zokugula isitho ezibukwayo, eye ixazululwe ngempumelelo. Kodwa ngenxa lokhu kwenzekile futhi slide umbono.

Kuhlanganisa:

1. Amblyopia Lokudabuka usithe okwavela ngenxa okubonakalayo isitho isifo, kuvimbela ukubonakala izithombe kuyi-retina. Phakathi izenzo ezivamile isehlane ngwengwezi azalwa naso noma bathenga. Ifomu usithe kungase kubonakale njengoba oyedwa noma bobabili emehlweni.
2. amblyopia Neurogenic. Imbangela kungase kube isifo emsipheni optic. Amacala ukululama ephelele awashintsheki namuhla. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwelapha lesi sifo iqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
3. Makulopaticheskuyu. It is lihlehliselwe ngemva kokuthandana yezifo ezindaweni ezimaphakathi paracentral ngwengwzi.
4. amblyopia Nystagmic. Ngokuthi lapho ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlala kwenu ngomfanekiso emaphakathi endaweni ngwengwzi.
5. amblyopia Kuhlanganiswe. Kubonisa inhlanganisela amafomu ngenhla.

Strabismus e amblyopia

Kodwa nge zonke ezihlukahlukene izimbangela amblyopia, kuyanda phakathi kwabo namanje squint. Njengoba yaziwa, imisipha iso evamile ukuhambisa ndawonye, ngaleyo ndlela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza evamile umzimba. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi okungenani oyedwa imisipha kunenkinga nge ukuphathwa ukunyakaza, ukuthi siqhamuka squint, ngemva kwalokho iso amblyopia nalaphaya. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi strabismus futhi amblyopia - ezimbili izinhlangothi uhlamvu lwemali efanayo.

Sezizathu ezivamile eziholela ekubeni buthakathaka izicubu, ukukhululwa:

1. Hyperopia.
2. Ukwephulwa in the psyche.
3. Ukulimala kwamehlo.

symptomatology

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu lesi sifo zihlanganisa:

1. Nciphisa e acuity ezibukwayo kwelinye noma kokubili amehlo.
2. isiyezi njalo ehambisana imibono abampofu lezinto unhlangothi-ntathu.
3. Ubunzima ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
4. Ukuphambuka samehlo kolunye uhlangothi kusukela isiqondiso amehlo.

ukuhlola

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, impendulo yombuzo amblyopia - kuyini, futhi uzobe anikelwe lesi sihloko. Ngakho ake uthole indaba diagnostivanii lesi sifo. Ngakho, izingane ukwenza izindlela ezahlukene.

Viziometriya

Njengomthetho, kuyo yonke iminyaka ingane has a strip esasenza acuity ezibukwayo. Kodwa umsebenzi kudokotela wamehlo okunethiwethi kufanele kube ukuhlonza eliphakeme acuity ezibukwayo ngaphandle ukulungiswa kanye ukulungiswa. Izici esikhethekile viziometrii ezinganeni zihlanganisa:

1. Ukucacisa bangaphambi kosuku lwesivivinyo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane ujwayelene izithombe eziboniswa etafuleni.
2. Ukuseveya nge njalo nahvalivaniyami ingane uma ephendula ngendlela efanele.
3. Ekukhombeni leliphansi kakhulu acuity ezibukwayo Kunconywa ukuphinda inhlolovo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi kufanele uqale nge ukuthi iso, eyabonisa umphumela okubi kakhulu.

Isici esibalulekile inhlolovo kuyinto ngokuqaphelisisa wengane ngenhloso usivikele kungenzeka squinting.

refractometry

It uyakwazi ukubonisa, kukhona amblyopia ezinganeni noma cha. Kwenzeka Ukuhlolwa ezinjalo kusetshenziswa refractometer noma keratofraktometra. Indima ebalulekile yokufeza ingane uphethwe idlala ukubekwa lesifanele zedivayisi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esiyinhloko ithuluzi imingcele kungase kube sithi ukuhluka olandelayo, ngakho uphethwe Kunconywa ukuba afeze ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa "amehlo amblyopia."

degrees

Kuze kube manje, odokotela kukhona degrees olandelayo amblyopia:

1. ngokwezinga eliphansi kakhulu - ezibukwayo acuity 0.8-0.9.
2. Okuphansi - 0.5-0.7.
3. Amblyopia ngokulinganisela - 0.3-0.4.
4. High - 0.05-0.2.
5. eliphezulu kakhulu - acuity ngezansi 0.05.

kakhulu Amblyopia ngokuvamile uhambisana ukungakhuli umbono Binocular.

Amblyopia Ezinganeni: Ukwelashwa

Lapho sitholakele "amblyopia", ukuphathwa kungaba kokubili olandelanayo nokusebenza.

Okubalulekile! Inkomba ye acuity ezibukwayo emva kokuhlinzwa vliyaeyut degree amblyopia.

Ngakho, yini okufanele uyenze uma kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo amblyopia ezinganeni? Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile iqala nge occlusion, ukulungiswa optical nokubukwayo ukujeziswa yokwelapha.

ukulungiswa optical

Lapho kuhlolwa ingane ngoba amblyopia, okuyinto kuhambisana ametropia, isimo ngoba yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo ukuqoka unomphela bafake izibuko noma lens. Ngokukhethekile ebukhoneni degrees eliphezulu iphutha yezokubona kufanele inikezwe choice of eliphezulu lens, aspherical ezifiselekayo, njengoba lezi lens ephumelela kakhulu zone optical, okuyinto ebalulekile ekwelapheni amblyopia.

Ukusetshenziswa occlusion

Ukusebenzisa occlusion iyona ejwayelekile kwezokwelapha emhlabeni. Occlusion kuyinto:

1. Direct (ngokuvamile ivaliwe lapho bebona iso).
2. Reverse (uma iso ivaliwe, lapho acuity ezibukwayo incane).
3. Kushintshana (elinye iso Ukuvalwa).

Izinkathi kungaba:

1. Njalo.
2. Kwengxenye.
3. Ubuncane.

Isimiso ezisebenza le ndlela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ababonayo iso okubi ngaphandle umsebenzi ngeso enempilo. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ukuphumelela kwalesi indlela ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala kakhulu ngaphansana amadala. Lokhu kungenxa ezinye ubunzima ezihlobene ngokwezinga elikhulu ne isici ngokwengqondo.

Into ebalulekile yokwelapha ngempumelelo iyona yokulungiswa nenkanuko edlulele ome njengeqanda.

Kodwa ilungelo ngeke sikusho ezinye izici ezingezinhle obungaholela indlela occlusion. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Ukwehlisa umbono phezu iso enempilo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvamile ngenxa yobudedengu phezu kwabo bobabili abazali odokotela.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa noma nokuqinisa strabismus.
3. Diplopia (umbono double lezinto).
4. Izinkinga lapho sihlala esikhunjeni.
5. ukusabela abahlukahlukene nomzimba.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko of ukwehluleka in lokwelashwa occlusion ngokuthi disinterest ezinganeni ngokwazo e eside egqoke amabhandeshi.

ukujeziswa

Ukujeziswa indlela ekwelapheni lesi sifo, okuyinto wadala lapho Anisometropia yokufakelwa usebenzisa inhlanganisela ezahlukene kanye nokulungisa optical we ngokuhlanganyela (udokotela) isicelo atropine iso lapho iphesenti ngenhla. Umgomo we isinyathelo of atropine ukudala ukufiphala esweni enempilo ngemva instillation, lapho umsebenzi icushiwe iso, okuyinto ubona okubi kakhulu. Le ndlela, ngokungafani kuya occlusion, ekahle izingane kuphumelela kangcono.

Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi unabo izici ezingezinhle. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. Ukubukeka ububomvu esikhumbeni.
2. Yokucasuka iso.
3. ikhanda njalo.
4. labagula kakhulu of.

Sebenzisa le ndlela uma ukungabekezelelani occlusion. Sihlanganisa amasu okuhloswe ngaso ekubuyiseleni noma ekuthuthukiseni bamba kanye nokunyakaza yeso, bezibona esikhaleni yokuhlala. Ngenxa yale njongo, amadivaysi ekhethekile, isb sinoptofor lingasetshenziswa. Omunye izinzuzo yaleli su ubhekwa ukuncipha okukhulu esikhathini ukwelashwa nge amazinga ngokwanele eliphezulu acuity ezibukwayo.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa amblyopia futhi strabismus

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ekwelapheni amblyopia iqalwe kuphela emva ukuqedwa izimbangela zalo. Futhi uma amblyopia athuthukile ngokumelene isizinda strabismus, siqala ngokulahla ke. Okwamanje, zikhona eziningana zokwelapha salokhu egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Kuyinto izindlela nokusebenza nokwelapha:

1. Pleoptika. Ukwelashwa ukuqinisa umthwalo iso ukuthi squints. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu umphumela isetshenziswa njengophawu laser kanye PC nezinhlelo ezikhethekile.
2. Orthoptics. Kulokhu, amadivaysi anokulandisa okufanayo futhi nesofthiwe ye-PC eklanyelwe ukubuyisela umbono nekugwema strabismus.
3. Diploptika. Ukubuyiselwa umbono ekhaya.
4. Sebenzisa umzimba ekhethekile okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwemisipha iso.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela iqiniso lokuthi squint aluphumeleli ngeminyaka njengoba abanye ngephutha sikholelwe. Futhi, uma ingaluqedi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, kungaholela kona kuletha imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi leminyaka eliphezulu lapho kwelashwa strabismus nomphumela ongcono - engu-25.

Ikhaya Ukwelashwa

Nobuqili lesi sifo liqukethe yokuthi uma kukhona ukukhuthala enganele ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa yayo uyahluleka uma elwa nokuphuza kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukuba siphikelele iyona abazali, njengoba kunjalo ngokuvamile ingane ukuthi sine- amblyopia, akaqondi ukuthi kusho ukubona kahle, njengoba kutholakala ezingeni kubonakala kuyinsakavukela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba sihlanganise imithi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokwelashwa amblyopia ekhaya. Phela, kuphela umsebenzi ahlangene wonke umndeni kungaletha umphumela eside elindelwe futhi wayefisa njengoba umbono omuhle. Futhi ukuze basize kule Esimisweni esikhethekile ekwelapheni amblyopia ekhaya. Nakuba Uhlelo ngalunye futhi ekhethiwe ngamunye udokotela, kodwa kukhona ezinye izivivinyo Site wonke umuntu.

Qeqesha Isibani sikagesi kanye

Ukuthatha lokhu elicinene ishidi black lephepha namandla isibani ku-80 W. Ngokulandelayo, usike umbuthano 8 mm ububanzi iphepha futhi lezo yona isibani. Ngemva kwalokho, umntwana kufanele ukuvala iso ukuthi ubona ngcono, futhi imizuzwana engu-30 ukubheka isibani, bese uyibhala blank white lephepha, pre-aqoshiwe phezu kodonga. Bheka udinga isithombe Day livela ephepheni. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele liphindwe 1-2 izinyanga, izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.

Ukuzivocavoca ngombhalo

Vala ingane ababonayo ezinhle iso ibhandishi. Thatha izandla ngaphambilini walungisa uhlobo encane, bese uyifaka ebusweni yesibili ibanga esiphezulu lapho ingane ulifunde. Ngemva kwalokho, siqala kancane ibenze umbhalo iphuzu kuze kuba nzima ukufunda. Phinda lokhu izikhathi eziningana.

Qeqesha Isibani sikagesi ngamandla aphezulu

Khetha isibani nge namandla iphepha ayazika kanye nabantu abamnyama. Sika therefrom cap ne umgodi (6 mm ububanzi) maphakathi, babeke phezu kwalo kwesibani. Ngemva kwalokho ukuvala kokuvula plenochkoj abomvu. Beka isibani at ibanga okungenani 40 cm kude ingane futhi ukuyivula. umsebenzi yengane ukuze imizuzu 3, ngaphandle kweziphazamiso konke, ukubheka isibani abazali njalo ngemizuzwana 3, isibani inkinobho futhi off.

Ukusebenzisa i-flash

Uzodinga ikhamera nge-flash futhi ephepheni ngalo banga gwala iinthombe eziphethe noma izinhlamvu. Inqubo kanje: I-nehlo kwengane kulethwa flash (at ibanga hhayi ngaphansi kuka 50 cm) futhi kwenziwe uchungechunge igqamuka (10). Ngemva ingane ngayinye has ukubheka ephepheni bese uzama ukuqonda okulotshwe lapho (ephepheni ibekwe ngaphakathi imitha noma emibili). Linani letifundvo letiphakanyisiwe temkhakha ngosuku kuze kube izikhathi 3 for ingqikithi - izinyanga 2.

Okuhle-proven wezandla emihle noma imidlalo ezidinga ngokunemba.

Amathiphu ambalwa

Ukuze ugweme ukuba ukufuna impendulo yombuzo amblyopia - lokho kusho ukuthi kumelwe banamathele le mithetho elandelayo:

1. Yenza izivivinyo gqwa zokuvimbela ngesikhathi ophthalmologist.
2. Ekuboneni ingane nokuncane isidingo squint okungenani ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphikisa uphethwe ngokwenza ucwaningo oludingekayo emtholampilo amehlo noma isikhungo sezokwelapha ezikhethekile.
3. Musa avuse ukuthuthukiswa strabismus Adult amathoyizi noma izinto elikhanyayo eduze kwazo.
4. Nikeza ingane umsoco futhi ukugwema izimo ezibangela ukucindezeleka.
5. Ilokhu wahlanganyela self-ukwakheka kwezitho zakhe.
6. Lapho izimpawu zokuqala izinkinga umbono ngokushesha uxhumane onguchwepheshe.

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, onalesi sifo ka amblyopia sisihle uma isikhathi kuqalile ukwelashwa, kodwa lapha kubalulekile lokhu okulandelayo:

1. bawuhloniphe ngokuqinile kanye nokuqaliswa zonke izincomo udokotela ukuba khona.
2. Uhlobo amblyopia.
3. amehlo wendawo.
4. Kokuqala acuity ezibukwayo.
5. Yobudala esigabeni nesineke.
6. Izindlela zokwelapha.

Into eyinhloko ukukhumbula ukuthi uma uzibekela umgomo futhi iya kuyo, akukho akunakwenzeka emhlabeni. Kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isiguli undertreated esikhathini esizayo angase abhekane ukulahlekelwa ingqikithi umbono. Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ukwazi kusengaphambili impendulo yombuzo: "? Amblyopia - kuyini"