Stone ngembazo: i-eksisi lokuqala, ukusebenzisa isithombe

Ezindaweni ezahlukene hambisa umhlaba kusukela izimbazo itshe eksisi metal zenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Kodwa manje zikhona izindawo lapho izikhali ezingekho metallic futhi wasebenzisa kuze kube manje. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kungabonakala izizwe Afrika kanye Australian nge walondoloza bakudala indlela ohlanganyelwe zokuphila.

Stone izembe ukuphila kwabantu lasendulo

Eyokuqala nokobana eminingi yasendulo abantu abangu eyenziwe ngetshe.
Ekuqaleni, babesanda elingeyona inkimbinkimbi, umsebenzi-bonge. Abantu ezikhathini zasendulo babeba sesifuna rocks eqinile (ikakhulukazi amatshe ne-silicon) ne abukhali kakhulu futhi uzisebenzise ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Khona-ke abakufundile aphathwa, ninamathele, ukuhlukana, ngisho ugaye (e paleolith).

I-eksisi okokuqala itshe (kunalokho amashizolo) Kunabantu abaningi basendulo - ithuluzi jikelele. Ngosizo lwabo, leli xhegu ukwenza umsebenzi othile lapho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba enika, nge oqinile futhi iqine.

Ngamathuluzi ezinjalo abantu bakudala wathola amatshe ngempela omkhulu (1 kg isisindo) ubude 10-20 amasentimitha, obbivat kubo kunoma iyiphi enye, okuqinile futhi, itshe, elola phansi futhi phezulu imikiswe enza kube lula babambane ngezandla.

Indlela yokusebenzisa nembazo itshe? Ukugawulwa abantu ezaziwumbile, luhlasela ngawo-Hunt bahlaba zonke ukunqotshwa kwalo.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-izandla zabantu babesalokhu bengaphelele, yakha ithuluzi ngomshini ngokuyinhloko sincike kakhulu ekuqaleni wathola osayizi itshe.

Ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo amathuluzi

Abantu e inqubo ukuphila saya siba ngcono amathuluzi abo. Imbazo itshe ziba umumo ithuluzi futhi waba lithulusi akunjalo jikelele futhi lusetshenziselwe kuphela izinhloso ezithile kuphela.

On ukuzingelwa izilwane ukuthola selivele lisetshenziselwa ithuluzi elisha - ostrokonechnikov. A bushelelezi isetshenziswa abesifazane lapho uyaxebuka izikhumba zezilwane abulawe nguJoshuwa namadodakhe. Sebenza nge leli thuluzi ngokuvamile kwakudingeka sikwenze ukuze abesifazane. Ngakho kwaba khona amathuluzi itshe lokuqala zesifazane.

Martial izimbazo itshe

Kwaze kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi we Neolithic (Late Stone Age) ukuze inqubo yokukhula amakhono abantu ngokuya ukusebenza izinhlobo zamatshe baqala ukuvela lokulwa izimbazo. Hatchets zisezincane ngobukhulu, ikakhulukazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza impi ngesandla esisodwa (ubude - 60-80 cm, isisindo - 1-3.5 kg).

izimbazo enjalo yabenza izindwani obsidian, futhi lahlanganyela kuleli Americas abakhileyo zomdabu zalezi zindawo (inkathi yokuba ikoloni Spanish).

Stone ngembazo: izithombe, umlando ukuthuthukiswa

Amathuluzi endala ezitholakala Ezikhathini zanamuhla, adaliwe abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2.5 edlule. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ithuluzi sokuqala indoda lasendulo (ngembazo) kuyinto ezivamile omunye ngetshe nge usiko.

Esikhathini okwalandela yokukhiqiza inqubo ngembazo, noma yimuphi omunye imikhiqizo itshe Kwathi kanje: 1 ucezu Flint zase zihleliwe nabanye yayisetshenziswa esikhundleni i-hammer, ngayo nefunda ngayo izingxenye ngokweqile wajinge wanamatsela off the rock futhi ngaleyo ndlela ekhiqizwa ukuthi exhunywe okuhambisanayo ifomu amathuluzi. Khona-ke abantu bafunda mikhiqizo wokucwebezelisa futhi sanding.

Nokho, kube nenkinga eyodwa. Stone amathuluzi sikhuntile ngokushesha, futhi kule uxhumano zidinga esikhundleni zawo esezivamile.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile - inyunyana sezinsaba oqoshiwe zibe ithuluzi olulodwa. Futhi waphenduka imbazo itshe. Plus, ithuluzi ezifana wukuthi i isigwedlo ezengeziwe kwandisa amandla nomthelela kakhulu, futhi usebenza nabo isibe elula kakhudlwana.

Izindlela lokunamathiselwe isibambo futhi ukugawulwa izingcezu zazihluke kakhulu: e uqhekeko ukusingatha esetshenziswa ngebhandeshi lasetshenziswa a resin iraba, noma ingxenye zokusebenza ithuluzi, umane yashesha ku isibambo omkhulu okuqinile.

It lalikhishwa insengetsha, obsidian nezinye imishini yokusaha izingodo.

Esikhathini kamuva Stone Age (Neolithic) izimbazo usuqedile umgodi isibambo (iso).

Stone ngembazo laqala ukunyamalala ezindaweni eYurophu namuhla, lapho kwaqala ukuvela zethusi (kusukela ngonyaka ngosuku okwenzeka ngalo wesi-2 ka-1000 BC. BC). Naphezu kwalokhu, itshe, ngenxa yezindleko ongaphakeme, khona isikhathi esithile eside parallel kwensimbi.

Ubunzima ekwenzeni nembazo itshe

Eyokuqala izimbazo nge ukufana ukuma kuya yesimanje, uvele esikhathini Mesolithic (eminyakeni engaba ngu-6000 BC. E.).

Indlela yokwenza ngembazo itshe eyenziwe ngetshe le? Kwaba nzima ubunjiniyela inselele abantu bakudala - uxhumano izakhi ezimbili ngembazo.

Ngisho noma imbobo itshe kungase kudingeke wenze, kulesi simo ukushuba okwandisiwe "blade" we ngembazo itshe, futhi yaphenduka isando noma imbazo, ngazo kungaba smash kuphela le micu ukhuni kunokuba cut ngabo. Ngokuqondene nalokhu ngembazo nge ngembazo isibambo nje iboshelwe ndawonye ngumuntu ephilayo noma isikhumba zezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Njengoba nje abantu bafunda indlela aphele metal, basukumela ukukhiqiza zethusi ngembazo. Kodwa "izindwani" isikhathi eside aqhubeka akhiqizwa elidala (itshe), ngoba oluthambile futhi Flint ebusweni bavunyelwe ugaye izintwana Akumangalisi abukhali. Futhi iso senziwe isibambo ngembazo.

Ekuphetheni

Uma ucabanga ngakho, emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, elula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, into emangalisayo wawungelona nje uhide ithuluzi zomsebenzi abantu bakudala, noma ithuluzi, kodwa futhi ingumfanekiso wobukhosi namandla. Stone izimbazo - kungcono izinto ezibalulekile esikhathini esiningi, wezandla zabantu lasendulo, yabeka isisekelo sezinkolo ngembazo yesimanje.