Test wamandla yobunzima ka iphayiphi

Lapho beqeda ukufakwa iphayiphi Kwenziwa ukuhlola okwengeziwe ku emandleni kanye nobuqotho. Ingasetshenziselwa indlela wokubacindezela noma womoya, ngezinye izikhathi esetshenziswa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa kuyadingeka ngokuhambisana nezidingo kwezinkambiso sanitary imithetho.

msebenzi wokulungiselela wokubacindezela ukuhlolwa amapayipi amandla

Ngaphambi afeze izivivinyo wokubacindezela, kufanele kube umsebenzi olunzulu wokulungiselela. Ngenxa yalesi design lihlukaniswa singene division ke ukubukeka kwayo ukuhlolwa iqhutshwa. In the isinyathelo esilandelayo eliqinisekisiwe ngemibhalo yomsebenzi. Drain valve awashintsheki ekuhlukaneni, nabo ukuxhuma valve emoyeni plug. Ngu ngokucindezela bese ugcwalisa imishini efakwe ipayipi umugqa yesikhashana. Kusukela izigaba asele esigabeni ipayipi ngaphansi kovivinyo kuvaliwe lokhu shank injongo stub.

Izinsiza kusebenza kanye zomculo futhi kufanele inqanyuliwe. Isetshenziselwa lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi livaleke-off valve izintambo kungamukeleki. Amandla test kuhilela yokuxhuma iphayiphi ohlelweni wokubacindezela kufanele zabelwe phakathi kumadivayisi ezifana:

• inethiwekhi emoyeni;
• uzotshala esiteshini;
• compressors.

Konke lokhu kwenza ilungelo ukuhlola umfutho. Uhlolo okumele iqhutshwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa master noma nomkhiqizi, lokhu uyakucabangela izidingo ngemibhalo yomsebenzi, iphrojekthi amaphepha kanye nemiyalelo. Kubalulekile ugcina iziqondiso zokuphepha futhi isimo kokuqondisa lobuchwepheshe.

serekhodi

ukuhlolwa ukukhuthazela kuhilela ukusetshenziswa zalapho test futhi Izikali. Kufanele sidlule isazi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, qiniseka uphawu. Ingcindezi Izikali kufanele kuhambelane ekilasini ukunemba eliphansi inakekelwa ngaphakathi 1.5, okuhambelana namazinga isimo 2405-63. I ububanzi we izindlu kufanele kube 1.5 cm futhi emikhulu. Thermometer letisetjentisiwe kufanele zinenani nokuhlukaniswa ukuze 0,1 ° C.

Le ndlela yokwenza umsebenzi

Umfutholuketshezi amandla test yenziwa futhi sokunquma kwabantu. Ngo test ucwaningo, ukubaluleka ingcindezi isethwe ngokuhambisana imibhalo design kgf / cm ^2. Ngokuphathelene izakhiwo steel, umbundu wabo zokusebenza kumele singeqi 4 kgf / cm ² ngaleso izinga lokusebenza kohlelo, beyizidlova 400 ° C. Ingcindezi liyobe elilingana umkhawulo 1.5 2.

Uma embundwini ezisebenza isakhiwo steel idlula 5 kgf / cm ^2, ukubaluleka ingcindezi ilingana 1.25. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi silinganiso kunqunywa ifomula okubandakanya lemali umsebenzi kanye ukubaluleka 3 kgf / cm ^2. Uma kuba umkhiqizo cast iron noma polyethylene, ukubaluleka ingcindezi ilingana 2 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuqondene non-ayoni metal Alloys bangamaphesenti alinganayo komunye. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ukucindezela zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza umthwalo oyifunayo:

• ukusebenza;
• gear drive;
• plunger ezithathekayo;
• isandla (piston);
• Umfutholuketshezi.

ukuhlolwa

Amandla ukuhlolwa futhi wokubacindezela yobunzima indlela wenziwa izigaba eziningana. Ngesikhathi cindezela kuqala uxhuma noma futha wokubacindezela. Ngaphezu kwalokho lamabutho Izikali ogibele, futhi ukwakhiwa ngokwayo wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa displacement emoyeni kusukela ohlelweni, lokhu eshisayo zishiywa zivuliwe. Uma beshaya amanzi, kusho ukuthi umoya engahlali.

Uma uhlelo ligcwele ngokuphelele uketshezi, ubuso bayo kumele zihlolwe ukuze imifantu, uyavuza futhi amaphutha ukuthi kungenzeka kanye azungezwe ku izakhi yokuxhuma. Test wamandla yobunzima esinyathelweni esilandelayo kuhilela ingcindezi ukunikezela ngesikhathi nokunwetshiwe kuso. Umthwalo kungenziwa kancane kancane kuze kufike isikhathi lapho amagugu Indlela musa sifinyelele ezingeni elivamile. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuphinde ngifundelwe isimo uhlelo. Iphayiphi esigabeni olandelayo ebugqilini amanzi imishini kungenziwa inqanyuliwe futhi zisuswe.

Ukuhlolwa yesibili nemisebenzi lokugcina

Uma uhlelo iqukethe ingilazi ukuxhumana, kufanele babe sesimeni umthwalo imizuzu engu-20, kodwa ezinye izinto kungaba okwanele, futhi imizuzu 5. Ngo Ukuhlolwa yesibili kuyadingeka ukuba banake spikes futhi welds. Kufanele khenqeza isando, enesisindo 1.5 kg noma ngaphansi. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ngaphakathi 20 mm.

Ukuhlola izakhi of izinsimbi non-ayoni kumele kusetshenziswe isando sokhuni, ogama isisindo ingeqi 0.8 kg. I ezinye izinto kungukuthi ngaphansi u, njengoba kungenzeka lilimele. Umfutholuketshezi amandla ukuhlolwa ezibhekwa yimpumelelo uma manometer libonisa ingcindezi iconsi, ukuvuza awazange itholiwe, futhi ezinkulu ashiselwe futhi flange emalungeni basebenza stably asekela umthwalo.

Ukuhlolwa kumele ziphindwe uma ibangenalo eyanelisayo, kodwa umsebenzi kumele kwenziwe kuphela emva kokukhipha wonke amaphutha. Ukuze test wokubacindezela (at okushisa aphansi) kungaba ukungezwa ketshezi uketshezi, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa crystallization amanzi. Lolu ketshezi angase sekuqala ukufudumala futhi eminye sekuqala ukufudumala ipayipi.

ukuhlolwa womoya

Uma ucabangela amandla yezindlela isivivinyo kufanele zabelwe ukuhlolwa womoya. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola amandla futhi (noma) ukuminyana. Freon kanye ammonia imikhiqizo hydraulically Awuhlolanga Kulokhu, Yiqiniso siku isheke womoya.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi cwaningo wokubacindezela ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kungenzeka uma izinga lokushisa komoya lize liba ngaphansi kwe-zero noma kungekho amanzi esizeni. Uma kukhona imfuneko ukusebenzisa emoyeni noma amagesi inert, tivivinyo wokubacindezela ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.

Womoya yokuhlola kumele kusetshenziswe esimweni lapho asekelayo isakhiwo kanye iphayiphi ephawulwe high voltage ngenxa umxhwele emanzini amaningi. Ukuze kufezekiswe novivinyo olunjalo wasebenzisa igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali noma emoyeni. Compressors kufanele asebenzise yenethiwekhi yeselula noma emoyeni onomfutho.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-amandla nokunamathela ukuminyana zidinga ingcindezi nezigaba obuphelele. Ngakho, uma ubukhulu kuyinto 2 cm, ingcindezi kufanele alingane 20 kgf / cm ^2. Uma ubukhulu zokhahlamba kusuka 2 kuya 5, ingcindezi kufanele kube 12 kgf / cm ^2. Lapho ubukhulu idlula 5 cm, ingcindezi kufanele alingane 6 kgf / cm ^2. Uma kudingwa iphrojekthi, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

ulwazi oluwusizo

isakhiwo ephakeme ezenziwe ngengilazi nensimbi womoya ukuhlolwa ungadluli. Uma steel ine yensimbi uhlelo armature, igesi inert noma emoyeni ingasetshenziswa ukuze uqinisekise, njengoba okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo ucezu projecting of yensimbi ductile.

Order of imisebenzi

Ukuvikeleka yokuhlola indlela kuhilela ngokugcwalisa iphayiphi womoya nge emoyeni noma igesi esigabeni sokuqala. Okulandelayo ingcindezi luyanda. Lapho izinga antante 0.6, ungakwazi uqhubekele ukuhlolwa kwendawo kokuba abuyekezwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kwezakhiwo, le ukusebenza ingcindezi inkomba ifinyelela 2 kgf / cm ^2.

Phakathi ukuhlolwa umthwalo kumele kwenyuke. Nokho evunyelwe hammer labo evele okuyizinto ngaphansi komthwalo, akwamukeleki. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina, isistimu zihlolwe at nomthwalo. Ukuhlola amandla eqine amalunga ashiselwe nezihlanganiso, Flanges nezimpawu kuhilela ukusebenzisa isixazululo insipho.

Uma uhlelo uyisa oluvuthayo, ezinobuthi ezinobuthi, uvivinye yobunzima is kulekelelwa ukuhlolwa density. Ukuze wenze lokhu parallel watadisha iconsi ingcindezi. Kubalulekile ukuhlola yonke imishini okuyinto ixhunywe ohlelweni. Uma ku ukuqina test ingcindezi manometer akuyona kwehlisa, futhi emalungeni uxhumano futhi gaskets abaziwa ukujuluka futhi ukuvuza, umphumela yanelisa.

Ulwazi mayelana amathuluzi ukuhlolwa

Lapho iinhlahlubo zioyenziwa inkampani ukwakhiwa noma iKhomishani, kubonakala lezi zincwadi ezilandelayo:

• ukukhishwa busebenze;
• okusalungiswa test ingxenye;
• Zokushisela Journal;
• ukwahlukanisa log umsebenzi;
• ukuhlolwa isitifiketi phezu emandleni kanye nobuqotho.

I izitifiketi izingxenye kanye tube, kanye passport imishini njengoba isicelo ezengeziwe. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi esigabeni yokuhlola isenzo ahlukene.

Ngokusho uphenyo ukuvuza, uKhomishane Wenyusa umbiko, elikulo impahla ukuthi kumele aqukethe:

• igama lenhlangano;
• Ikhomishana;
• ulwazi mayelana nemingcele ukuhlolwa;
• isitifiketi ukubhubhisa (engaphelele) ipayipi;
• ulwazi mayelana nokwakhiwa iphayiphi;
• sicashunwa iphephabhuku i zokushisela;
• isikhala igebe kokuphakama;
• isenzo ukukhiqizwa futhi ukwamukela ukwakhiwa kanye ukufakwa kwemisebenzi.

Test imbobo akt amandla esiklanyelwe the mithetho zamanje. It ngempela kusho inkomba wekomidi, isikhathi ukusebenza kanye nesiphetho, nesignesha abantu abaphethe. Yale mibhalo zingatholakala, ingeniswe ukuvuza kungekho imingcele. Lokhu kumele kufake hhayi kuphela ingcindezi, kodwa futhi ubude jikelele kohlelo. Pipeline ukuhlolwa akt amandla sizoqukatha igama idivayisi, nezinye izinto zokusebenza, kanye ukufakwa kwawo nobude esigabeni kuyiphi ukususwa amanzi ngemva kovivinyo.

isiphetho

Ukuhlola amapayipi kanye nokuhlola kumele kwenziwe kuphela izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe. Badinga ukuze uthole izincazelo umsebenzi futhi babe namakhono afanele. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho sihlolwa uMhloli Omkhulu iphayiphi phezu emandleni kanye nobuqotho kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha bese kahle, ngoba kuphela ngale ndlela uyokwazi ukuqeda izingozi, ukulimala ngisho izingozi.