Ubani safinyelela eSouth Pole lokuqala? feat Amundsen sika

Discoverers Ezindaweni eningizimu kungukuthi njalo uvunyelwe amagama abo kumlando. Kunabantu abaye kaningana kuphela aziwa amagama abaholi babo, kusale e lokulibala amagama abanye abahlanganyeli. Labo abafika South Pole lokuqala, sabonga ngoba washiya amagama abo. uhambo Brilliant, wawufinyelela umgomo wakhe, okwenzeka ngo-1911.

URoald Amundsen. i-curriculum vitae

Norwegian enkulu, ngubani kwafinyelela South Pole kuqala, e-izingxenye ezinzima ezigqagqene Zomhlaba njalo. Wazalwa ngo-1872 emkhayeni ezinqala. Ngisho eminyakeni esanda kweva eminyakeni ezandleni abacwaningi esizayo ithole incwadi enhle kaJ Franklin -. Wamazwe elimhlophe. URoald Amundsen wagcwala umqondo wokuba iphayona, ngakho ingane wayezilungiselela izinselele oluzayo. Ngemva kwalokho walala kanye amafasitela evuliwe ngisho ashubisa umkantsha, kwaba linesizotha kakhulu ukudla njalo abaqeqeshiwe umzimba wakhe. umama wakhe wayefuna uRoald wazinikela imithi. Watadisha ngokwethembeka izincwadi futhi khona emakilasini angu. Kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kokushona komkakhe Amundsen kukora izincwadi futhi baqala ukulungiselela ngokwakhe esihamba polar.

uhambo lokuqala

Emkhunjini wakhe wokuqala uRoald Amundsen wakhuphukela eminyakeni 22. Yena ekuqaleni wakhonza njengephayona umfana gumbi abagibele umkhumbi, hodivshem eNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Ngo-1896, ngokokuqala ngqa ophoqelelwe ubusika nabangani bakhe kule zindawo eziphakeme. Ubusika ukuthi okuzumayo okungahlelelwe, amatilosi baphoqeleka ukuba adle izicathulo zabo ukuze usinde. Ngemva kokubuya kwakhe ukuthi wayekwazisa ukubaluleka ukulungiselelwa ngokucophelela izimo ezinzima. Ngemva kwalokho, Amundsen wakwazi ukuphumelela esivivinyweni esibalulekile futhi wathola induna yakhe ulwandle.

"Joa" waba ngomkhumbi kaseyili wokuqala siqu umkhumbi isihambi. Nge amatilosi encane Amundsen kwakhe esuka eGreenland Alaska, kokuvula Northwest uMzila. Lokhu ukulungiselela sina ngoba izimo lokuhamba ngesikebhe zindawo polar wamvumela alungele izinto ezintsha, phakathi kwabo-South Pole.

uhambo

Ngo-1910, ngokusekelwa omkhulu Nansen R. Amundsen elungiselela uhambo e-Antarctica. Ngenxa yale njongo, yena waba ababeqashwe umkhumbi "Fram", okuyinto obekumele umhlaba e-Antarctica abahambi. uzilungiselele ngokucophelela uhambo, ehlanganisa abantu abahlanu, izinja 52 futhi nezibhulo ezine, iya ku-uhambo. Okthoba 19, 1911 abahambi lawela phezu Ross eshalofini futhi esengena nezwekazi ezineqhwa.

Ekuqaleni, lo mkhankaso kwaba yisikhathi eside endaweni ebanzi ehlane ezineqhwa. Ngemva kokuwela 85 ukufana isimo sezwe ishintshile - endleleni ivinjwe okusezingeni eliphezulu ice amawa. Phansi amawa abahambi ukusetha i stash elincane amasheya ukudla. hlinzeka Phumula Amundsen yathatha kanye nayo, kubalwa ukuthi pole South ngokwezindawo ifinyeleleke, futhi indlela eya futhi emuva besamukela ezingaphezu kuka ezingu-60.

Ngu phakathi kuhlelwe term izihambi ifinyelele yeqhwa emikhulu, ethiwa behlonipha Axel Heiberg - yomnikeli bomkhankaso, Amundsen babekholelwa ngekuncoba enikeziwe imali eningi ukuze sihlangabezane nezindleko. Kamuva ekhadini ezanyatheliswa amagama abanye abantu, abangane nezihlobo. Ngakho-ke kwavela ibalazwe Antarctica Glacier Liv, yaqanjwa indodakazi F. Nansen.

ufike lapho

Phakathi no-ehlobo abahambi ifinyelele ithuba, okwakuqabukela wavakashela okwamanje, akukho uhambo polar. Emkhawulweni nezwekazi abandayo, Shackleton evulekile, ayitholakali kwendawo emamaki isigxobo lonke 180 km. Ngemva kokudlulisa umlenze wokugcina uhambo, bomkhankaso sesifike eqophelweni athandwayo lapho sawela zonke meridians Zomhlaba. Qamba ubani safinyelela eSouth Pole lokuqala, ihlala phakade exhumene ne nezwekazi abandayo aseningizimu. It uRoald Amundsen, Oscar Wisting, Sverre Hassel, Helmer Hansen futhi Olaf Byaland.

kokuhlala kwawo e eseningizimu yezwe obala abahambi kugujwa ifulege Norwegian kanye pennant ne umkhumbi "Fram". Budebuduze etendeni eyayibekwe ifulege lapho Amundsen setha isigijimi sakhe nje umphikisi wakhe - Scott. Ukubeka kokuhlala kwawo e-South Pole, bomkhankaso yaphindela.

Yonke hambo lwathatha izinsuku 99. Labo abafika South Pole lokuqala, ngokwenama wabingelela njengoba aqale athonywa umkhumbi "Fram", bese - edolobhaneni Hobard elise Tasmania. Kusuka lapho, kwabikwa nasemaphephandabeni zomhlaba, okuyinto njengendawo eseningizimu kakhulu izwe lase linqotshiwe. Kodwa uhambo uRoald Amundsen sika abayekanga ...