"U-Anna Karenina" ngubani owawubhala? "U-Anna Karenina" (Leo Tolstoy): isifinyeto

izincwadi Russian Sekuyisikhathi eside baziswa. Ubuciko abalobi yanqoba hhayi kwelinye izwe emhlabeni futhi zithengwa ubuthaphuthaphu. On izisusa imisebenzi eminingi movie amahle okudalwe - kwesizini anesikhundla okuholela simo the best. Ayikho ngaphandle Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy - umlobi Russian esiyingqayizivele odale izindaba eziningi ezivusa amadlingozi. Phakathi kwabo ivelele ngokucacile, njengokuthi "Anna Karenina", "War and Peace," "Uvuko" nabanye.

Namuhla ezikoleni wafunda imisebenzi Lva Tolstogo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi anencazelo ejulile, bakwazi ukufundisa isizukulwane esisha iqiniso zokuphila futhi bazizwa zonke labo imizwelo, okuyinto wabhala indoda abanamakhono. Umbhali wayevame ukunezela lokhu umbuzo ophakamayo ngokuphathelene imisebenzi "Anna Karenina": "Ngubani wabhala le noveli laphezulu" Ngenhla ncwadi emangalisayo iminyaka emine, Tolstoy. Ngo-1878, uhlelo lokuqala kule noveli isihawu.

Umsuka ethengwa

Kokunye Februwari ekuseni uLeo Tolstoy Bekanqophe inoveli mayelana izicukuthwane ubuhlobo, nokuphila kwangasese, kodwa kwafezeka iphupho lakhe iminyaka emithathu. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, ngemva kokuphothula incwadi, wazama nikumemezele le "iGazethi Russian", futhi umbono yaphumelela - ivolumu uqale waya cindezela. Kancane kancane inoveli UTolstoy sika kwaduma kakhulu, abafundi bathandile ngendlela okuphethwe ngayo UTolstoy echazwe izinhlamvu zakhe futhi isabelo sawo, uzwela ukujula umsebenzi.

Njengokulindelekile, bonke babe ngabomvu ukuqhubeka kule noveli "Anna Karenina", ngoba kwakwaziwa ukuthi amabhungane ama umkhiqizo siqukethe imiqulu emithathu. Ngu-1878, uLeo Tolstoy eshicilelwe ngokugcwele brainchild yakhe. Ingxenye yokugcina akunjalo ifanana abafundi, ngoba waqhubeka incazelo impi Serbia-Montenegro-Turkish, okwakubekelwa ithunyelwe ku-ofisa Vronsky - lover Anna.

inoveli UTolstoy sika "Anna Karenina" ehlanganisa imizwa iphikisana kakhulu nokuziphatha kwabantu. Umlobi ngokwakhe ngokuphindaphindiwe waveza ukuthi ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ufuna ukukhombisa ukuthi izwe zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo is bahlukana baba izigaba ezimbili: okuhle nokubi, alwa nsuku zonke futhi uzama ngeze ukubhubhisa isitha.

Ohlukile noveli

Umkhiqizo "Anna Karenina" has ukuba ngilidlulisele abantu abaningi. Phela, imayelana uthando edabukisayo owesifazane oshadile futhi isiphathimandla ekhaliphile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, asikwazi ukuzwa umuzwa ojulile ilungelo ukuphila komkhaya yezikhulu. Indaba yenzeka engxenyeni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye eMoscow Petersburg yesibili. Kodwa umbhali njengoba ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka ibonisa zonke imizwa, futhi izimiso zokuziphatha of inoveli yakhe.

Amaningi ayekuthanda Anna Karenina, okungukuthi ngoba abantu abaningi bazibone kule owesifazane, kwakuthandeka indaba yomlobi, okuyinto elangena ekujuleni komphefumulo. Ngakho-ke, UTolstoy wabhala izincwadi zanamuhla, incwadi ukuthi, ngokombono wakhe, kungaba njalo ethandwa - ngaso sonke isikhathi nakuzo izizwe.

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa Leo wabona kusengaphambili ukuthi ushintsho siyeza, futhi sisasebenza ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela. Wayazi wayenomuzwa wokuthi umphakathi kanye namasiko akhona sebeqala sidilike, futhi abantu kufanele uzilungiselele lokhu.

umqondo inoveli

Bonke abantu emhlabeni Lva Tolstogo, baba umqondo ukuvela i inoveli ehluke ngokuphelele. umbhali Umphakathi kungatholakala ezizungeze Anna Karenina-Oblonsky. Ukubuka imicabango kubangane babo, imizwa yabo futhi imiqondo, UTolstoy wadala uhlamvu yakhe yokuqala, esikhathini esizayo owawuthandwa kakhulu abafundi.

Abaningi abangewona amaKristu ujwayelene umkhiqizo "Anna Karenina", ogama umbhali uzama ukudala wobuciko kweqiniso amaqembu ahlukene yobudala abantu wezwa ngalokho okwenzeka ku inoveli esiyingqayizivele. Kodwa ngasizathu simbe iningi umbono wokuthi lena incwadi, owesifazane kuthiwa wazibulala ngenxa imizwa abanothando ukukhanya futhi lover wakhe ukuba ne ongazange umvumele nodumo unembeza.

Empeleni, hhayi lokho okuchazwe kuleli noveli "Anna Karenina". Okuqukethwe lencwadi iqukethe inqwaba izahluko ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, echaza ukuphila zokugcina ezihloniphekayo, zivela ngalesikhathi umzabalazo phakathi kokuhle nokubi, futhi izindinganiso zokuziphatha zabantu ababephila ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye.

Ukujwayeleka nabalingiswa

Umsebenzi ngokuphawulekayo "Anna Karenina". Ubani owabhala ke, it is cishe zonke izakhamuzi zomphakathi CIS amazwe aziwa, kodwa iye funda, akusiyo zonke. Nakuba abaningi wezwa ngalokho okwenzeka ku engavamile futhi inoveli ukwazi abalingiswa abasemqoka abazizwa ngayo yencwadi.

Ake uqale nge yokuthi umlingisi losemcoka - Anna - ifika eMoscow ukuvumelanisa umfowabo Steve, ngubani Kubikwa yicala lokuzama ukuvukela uMbuso, nomkakhe. Uma Karenina waya nge isitimela yakhe, yena uthola ukuthi phezu amathrekhi wabulala umlindi. It ubhekwa bika esabekayo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umlingiswa oyinhloko uyaqaphela ukuthi lesi sibonakaliso kwakusho - it kuzoxoxwa "owesifazane lobugebengu", futhi akakwazi aphile nalo ngomoya ophansi. Noma kunjalo kuyinto ebukekayo, enomusa futhi emnene Anna Karenina (umbhali wokuqala iveza wakhe njengoba owesifazane ezihlanzekile, ethembekile futhi ephelele) uya ukuvakashela umfowabo ezama buyisana umkakhe Dolly.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, lapho sivakashele Steve kufika Ukubala abasha futhi ebukekayo Aleksey Vronsky. Ungakhohlwa ukuvakashela Princess zakho ozithandayo Kitty Scherbitsky futhi Konstantin Levin, ngubani yonke inhliziyo yami ufuna bashade nentombazane enhle. Kodwa, ngokombono wakhe, lokhu akunakwenzeka, ngoba umninindlu elula, kanye nembangi yakhe eyinhloko - nomele ekhazimulayo Petersburg Vronsky. Eqinisweni, Graf Aleksey wayengahlosile ukwenza sipho Kitty, kusukela imicabango yakhe yonke babematasa usanda kufika evela Petersburg isivakashi.

Umsebenzi, okuyinto wabhala uLeo Tolstoy - "Anna Karenina" - ngokucacile futhi uchaza ngokujulile imizwa nemizwelo ukuthi abhekene umlingisi lomcoka. Kuyinto kakhulu uthandana Ukubala Vronsky, kodwa inikeza kuye ukuba abangane bazo, ngakho ekhaya elinde indoda yakhe ngothando futhi ingane. Iphupho eyinhloko Anna, okungase kube yiqiniso, kungaba nabantu ababili walithanda kakhulu emhlabeni - Alexey nendodana yakhe Sergei.

Lyubov Kareninoy

Njengoba sekushiwo, Anna Karenina babevela Petersburg ukuthi empunga kwemizwa. On isitimela watholana nentombi enhle, ohlale wamtshela ngendodana yakhe ozithandayo - Alex. Ngaleso sikhathi Karenina akazange ongabheka noma iliphi, kodwa kamuva kwaba sobala ukuthi Yinhle ingane umhambi esikanye futhi has a isenzo kanzima Bala Vronsky.

Ngemva kokuhlangana lover wakhe, yena wayezimisele ukuya emuva Petersburg, wayazi ukuthi sizobhekana yakhe enkingeni kuhle ezijulile namehlo Vronsky, okungasisiza ukuncela umphefumulo abesifazane iyonke. Kodwa Alex abasha ukuba ngqo ngemva kwaso: uyazilangazelela umhlangano, ukukuziba lokho nhla nezingahlobene nendaba abadelelayo, kukhona umyeni wakhe kanye nengane ethandekayo. Ukuqaphela igrafu, okuyinto lumayelana Karenina, umphakathi uqala usola nobuhlobo babo. Anna, onhliziyo yakhe sinqamukile ngaphakathi, akakwazanga ukuzibamba yena futhi namanje wenze uthando nge-Alexei wakhe sweet, emnene futhi izinkanuko. Lokhu kwaba kungakabiphi wathola wonke umuntu endaweni yakini, kuhlanganise nomyeni semthethweni Heroine.

Ngemva kwesikhashana kwaziwa ukuthi Karenin ukhulelwe Vronsky. Lapho ezwa lezi zindaba, u-Alex wamcela ukuba ashiye umyeni wakhe uhambe nalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi muva nje, unina onothando uhlobo Vronsky akunjalo nomusa Anne. Kunalokho, yena asithukuthelele lokho kwenzeka futhi akafuni indodana yakhe uthola isiphetho esinjena. Karenina, owesifazane iphele, Ngiyajabula ukulahla konke futhi ukuya Ukubala, kodwa yena uthanda Alexei kakhulu ngendlela indodana yakhe, uSergei. Anna yithemba, kwathiwa sihlushwa imizwa iphikisana kakhulu. Karenina akusho ukuthi kufanele enzeni ...

Phakathi zabasebenzi, umlingiswa oyinhloko wagula kakhulu futhi wasinda ngokuyisimangaliso. Ukubona isimo sakhe, umyeni semthethweni nobubele nokuthobeka isihawu umkakhe ke makahlale bahlala endlini yakhe. Karenin ethethelela Anna futhi isenzo sakhe, ngisho uyavumelana ukushiya konke imfihlo, ukuze ngingasebenzisi hlaza igama elihle lomndeni wawo. Karenin bengeke bame komyeni wakhe umuntu ophayo abaleke nge Vronsky eYurophu. Ngokushesha, emibili kanye abathanda nomunye abantu baqaphele ukuthi ngokuphelele ngalutho, futhi abanalutho abajwayelene ngakho. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi Anna uyaliqaphela iphutha wenza futhi kungakanani akazange athembeke futhi bayihlazisa umyeni wakhe. Petersburg, akusona sokulinda ezinhle, lapho manje esekhishwa inyumbazane. Isibindi, Karenina namanje wabuya.

Izinkinga Vronsky ayabaluleka ungaguli kakhulu, futhi udlulele ngoba akunakwenzeka. Uma ukubala ayezenzela akuthandayo, bese zonke Anna odelelekayo emphakathini. Yena Akalali kahle, ekuboniseni konke ukubekezela kwakhe indodana yakhe, siqaphela ukuthi waba abazange baphinde babonwe.

Isiphetho Anny Kareninoy

Ngemva kiss Karenina futhi Vronsky isimo sesishintshile: sesiye oluhle, bobusha, nomdlandla, kodwa ke abakwazanga ukuya ku! Imizamo ukushiya indodana yakhe isehlukaniso despotic futhi esiqinile nomyeni wakhe baye akuzange kuphumelele. Anna Kubi, engazi yena ngosizi, baba ezingaphili ngokuphelele. It oscillated phakathi imililo ezimbili: okubi imala ngoba ekhaphela umyeni wakhe kanye Alex abasha, emnene futhi ebukekayo, ethembisa ukumnika izwe. Kodwa umama wakhe akasoze amshiya indodana yakhe, kanjalo Karenina wacabanga ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukuba lidele futhi ushiye uthando ngokunganaki ne Vronsky kude umyeni wakhe.

Kodwa isiphetho waphenduka ukuze, ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Anna ithole ukuthi wafuna - uthando, Vronsky, injabulo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilahlekelwe into ebaluleke kakhulu - indodana Sergei. Isibhakabhaka ezicindezelayo, isimo sengqondo, behluleka, inzondo emphakathini kumuntu wakhe esilahla owesifazane esenzweni yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba - ukuzibulala.

Ngokuvamile abantu abafuni ukufunda wonke inoveli "Anna Karenina". Incazelo - amakhasi ambalwa kusukela imisebenzi omkhulu ukuthi kafushane futhi yokuzenzisa ukutshela mayelana nezenzakalo. Kodwa ukuze ukuzwa yonke imizwa ngawo UTolstoy wabhala, beshintsha isimo sakho futhi ube kancane kangcono, kutuswa ukufunda inoveli yayiqeda. Akunzima ukwenza, njengoba egxile ngokuphelele, futhi isikhathi sihamba ngokushesha.

Ukuhlolwa kule noveli "Anna Karenina"

Abagxeki abaningi wayengazange uthanda Anna Karenina kanye nalo. Abanye babethi ke iwuphawu ihlazo nasehlazweni abanye ayikuthandi isithombe Vronsky. Kwakukhona kakhulu labo ababekholwe ngenxa inoveli ihlazo, ngisho noma engelutho. Yiqiniso, umsebenzi baxgeki - thola imibiko enganembile ngagculiseki nokubhala Izibuyekezo mayelana nemikhiqizo. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, kwaba khona abahlala wayekholelwa ukuthi inoveli, okuyinto owavusa uLeo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina" - ithemba best of izincwadi Russian. Abagxeki chwaneka asekelwe umbhali kanye umlingiswa oyinhloko. Khona-ke bathi ukuthi imizwa enjalo ezibe umphefumulo Anna kufanele lokunyathela yilowo nalowo wesifazane owayeke alinge ukushintsha umyeni wakhe, ukuba nengane kanye nomndeni ahlonishwayo emphakathini.

Phakathi baxgeki, ekuthandeni umsebenzi UTolstoy kwakungu UNikolai Nekrasov. Wabona umbhali ithalenta langempela, Umuntu onengubo isipho ofuna ukuphumela obala ukuthi angashintsha ukuphila imisebenzi yabo abanye. Nekrasov konke wabikezela ngokunembile njengoba namuhla bambalwa abantu bezibuza mayelana nokuthi ubani Anna Karenina, owabhala noveli. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi kokufunda incwadi ubukele kudlala brilliant, amafilimu ukuthi yathonya isimo sengqondo abantu, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho bashintshe ukuphila kwabo. Lva Tolstogo amanoveli baye bakhiqiza njalo nomthelela ngendlela eyinqaba abalandeli bakhe. Indalo enjalo ukuthi wabhala wayecabangisisa abanamakhono ukuthi, ngeke ukuthole kwenye indawo.

Theatre kanye ifilimu lithathelwe noveli

Ukudala UTolstoy livele kudala njengoba 1910. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa, abantu ungavakashela ukusebenza lokuqala "Anna Karenina." Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, abaqondisi ezihlukahlukene play ngcono, sashintsha futhi abadlali bazama imikhiqizo. ukusebenza Original, musicals okukhulu wadala ngochwepheshe efana Robert Viktyuk, O. Shikshin, M. Roshchin nabanye.

Abafundi abaningi kanye ababukeli kwaba pretty Anna Karenina, okuyinto izingcaphuno ngisho eqoshiwe bamukisa ekudleni amaqembu kanye nemihlangano. Ngokuqondene lithathelwe ifilimu kule noveli ethandwa, ifilimu kokuqala kwenziwa ngothando nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu eJalimane ngo-1910. Khona-ke wazama ukuveza isithombe abamele amazwe ezifana Russia, Hungary, i-Italy, USA, UK, India kanye nabanye. Ubude yathathwa engaphezu kwemithathu kweshumi amafilimu mayelana Karenina. Owokugcina kubo wethule abakhiqizi UK. Kudlala Kira Naytli kwaba ukuthi ezicashile kokuvamile futhi izinkanuko kudlalwa Anna. Futhi namuhla ungathola uchungechunge mayelana Karenina.

Asinakusho ukuthi banendawo umdanso we-ballet "Anna Karenina". Ngo-2010, kwesizini ngesikhathi Mariinsky Theatre. Noma kunjalo, ekwakhiweni engcono ubhekwa umsebenzi Borisa Eyfmana, owathola umklomelo "Ukusebenza Kuhle ku-ballet" ngo-2005.

Esikhathini sethu, amanoveli ka LN UTolstoy athandwa kakhulu, futhi ezihlukahlukene nomculo bagqoka kubo, ukudlala, futhi wenze amafilimu. Kodwa "u-Anna Karenina" Uphule zonke izinhlobo amarekhodi futhi waba wobuciko wangempela izincwadi Russian nezobuciko bebonke.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kukholakala ukuthi indodakazi Pushkin sika (uMariya Aleksandrovna Gartung) iyona Heroine main kule noveli - Anna Karenina. L. N. UTolstoy laphefumulelwa ukubonakala intombazane futhi wanquma ukudlulisela umfanekiso waso ephepheni.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi Uzame kumdlalo tearjerker mayelana uthando ehlasimulisayo ngo-1916 ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi: "Ndodakazi Anny Kareninoy." Ngaphezu kwalokho, isayensi livame ukusetshenziswa isimiso inoveli, okuyinto esekelwe aphorism esivula umsebenzi: "Yonke imindeni ijabule zifane omunye komunye, yilowo nalowo mndeni engajabule uthukutheliswe ngendlela yalo. Zonke yaphambanisa e Oblonskys ".

uhlobo phambili inoveli onesihloko esithi "Anna Karenina-2," esanyatheliswa ngo-2013. Umbhali Wayengubani u-Alexander Zolotko, yena owakhuluma abafundi indaba indodakazi umlingisi losemcoka, ogama lakhe lalingu-iyafana kanina. Abanye abagxeki lokhu kubangelwa eziningi imizwelo futhi intukuthelo, ngoba sha akwaziwa ngalokho okwenzeka kuma-intombazane, wazalelwa kusukela ngokuqondene Ukubala Vronsky. Futhi uLeo Tolstoy akazange aliphathe nakancane igama igama ezisanda kuzalwa. Nokho, lezi yizinto ezimbalwa nje baxgeki uthi umlobi ngokwakhe ilungelo lokuguqula imininingwane ngesakhiwo. Kukhona labo abakholelwa ukuthi noveli "Anna Karenina-2" kuwufanele ukufunda.

Nokho ngxenye yencwadi wesibili nje siyithole ngowokuqala, njengoba-ke udaba olwehlukile kanye uhlamvu ezahlukene, nakuba kakhulu igama - Anna Karenina. Ubani owabhala uzazi kancane kusukela kushicilelwe Aleksandra Zolotko mncane impela, futhi akazange uzama ukudala wobuciko ukuthi uyakwazi akusibekele umsebenzi Lva Tolstogo.

indima UTolstoy sika inoveli emphilweni ngamunye wethu

ULeo Tolstoy ayebhalwe uhlobo okwangempela. Ngokusobala wanika izici nemibono zabantu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. I Levin uhlamvu, ebona ngokwakhe, njengoba kushiwo ngokuphindaphindiwe. The hero yena wanikwa inkululeko izici engcono ezamenza yisibonelo. Yilokho umbhali wayefuna ukutshela abalandeli babo - ukuthi yimuphi umuntu esenzeka umphakathi, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlala umuntu: ehloniphekile, ethembekile, fair futhi lunomusa.

"U-Anna Karenina" - inoveli waso sonke isikhathi, okuyinto unqobile izinkulungwane, nezigidi izinhliziyo emhlabeni wonke. Ngokokuqala ngqá umlobi ukuze adlulisele ngokunembile ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu abangeyona ijwayelekile cishe wonke umuntu. Cishe sekuyiminyaka engu-137 kusukela kushicilelwe umsebenzi, kodwa ngosuku olulodwa, kube alilitshelwe abafundi. Ufuna ukufunda kabusha ufunde, ukubheka kwesikrini futhi esiteji, ubunyoninco isibindi Heroine futhi ngobuqotho namhawu. ulimi Simple, isitayela inimitable yokuloba futhi abalingiswa abalingiswa ukujula wobuciko ngempela. Shono inoveli kungokwalabo zabuna izincwadi emhlabeni.