Ubani Charles okuthiwa iGreat?

He kubhekwa omunye osopolitiki abanamakhono kakhulu, ogama umbuso emenza ekuqaleni wekuba sive e eziningi izizwe zaseYurophu. Ngubani uKarl, kamuva esabizwa ngesizwe Omkhulu, futhi wenzani?

Lo mbusi bathonya ukuvunyelwa States kapapa, kubonakala elingcwelisa impi Arab, ukuthuthukisa imfundo kanye namasiko, emazweni amasha okuthakazelisayo lokufeza kwekuhlela kabusha ... Inkosi zamaJalimane, khona-ke inkosi yakwa-amaLombard, uMbusi eBavaria, futhi ekugcineni, umbusi we West - konke ngaye. Karl wavuleka out lokuphinda koMbuso WamaRoma, futhi waphumelela.

umsuka

Carl - indodana ka uyinkosi Franks Pepin le esifingqiwe kanye Bertrada ka Laon. Nakuba kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uyise wahlala esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-kombuso, hhayi nje inherited it njengoba owalandela le nkosi, nakuba emithanjeni yakhe agelezé okufanayo igazi okwesibhakabhaka, njengoba kwakunjalo iNkosana. Carl ingeyamakhosi pippinids bohlobo, kodwa ngemva kwakhe ke saqanjwa lwamakhosi Carolingian.

Indawo kanye nonyaka lokuzalwa, izazi-mlando azikwazi ukuza zifana, ngoba eminye imithombo ukusho iminyaka 742, kwabanye - 742 th, ngisho abanye - th 747. Senzeka kumuphi umuzi kukhona, futhi, amaphesenti ayikhulu ayaziwa (mhlawumbe, e Aachen, Kjersti noma Ingelheim). Kodwa kuthiwani kosuku lokufa Akungabazeki: Carl washona ngo 814 wangcwatshwa Aachen.

Ubudlelwano kanye Karlomanom

Kodwa njengoba Franks Pepin sobukhosi elathunjwa ke, ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kwakungekho muntu owayekwazi ukuphikisa semthethweni amandla owamlandela isikhathi, wayaleza ukuba amadodana akhe amabili (uKarl nomfowabo omncane Carloman) e 754 begcotshwa yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-Pope uStefanu II. Pepin enganikanga ilungelo sobukhosi ezinye enye yamadodana, futhi wahlukanisa insimu phakathi kwawo namandla ebekumele ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1968, uKarl wathola Aquitaine, iningi Neustria futhi Austrasia, futhi Thuringia, futhi sakhe ama co-yindlalifa Carloman obusa Burgundy, Provence, futhi Gotiey Alemany. Nakuba, njengoba besho, babengenakuphika lutho ukwabelana kodwa abazalwane bekulokhu inzondo njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uCharles kwakunesisekelo esiqinile besaba ukuthi umfowabo ufuna ukungena esivumelwaneni Desiderius, inkosi amaLombard.

Yingakho Karl langena umshado nendodakazi yakhe futhi wathola indawo desideratum abantu abanethonya futhi wakuthola kusukela nethimba kayise. Wacishe kwaholela empini phakathi kwabazalwane, kodwa Carloman ukugula futhi washona ngonyaka 771, nomkakhe kwadingeka babaleke nezingane zakhe. Karl ohlwini nobunikazi yabo, ngakho amandla eyodwa phezu ingxenye enkulu yeYurophu.

impi

Kodwa uCharles akagcinanga lapho. Ngokushesha yonke iYurophu kwaba ukuthola ngubani Karl Veliky. Akazange anqotshwe ukuphumula skirmishes njalo Franks futhi Saxons njengoba zenkolo (okokugcina banamathela ubuqaba), futhi ngesisekelo indawo, ngakho ngo-772, wanquma ukuqala impi ngokumelene nabo, ehlasela Saxony.

Kodwa ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho, wathumela emuva desideratum njengoba nobuhlobo obuhle noyise, ukuthi kakade wayesenezinsuku noma yini. Lokhu akulona ihlaya kwabathukuthelisa inkosi yakwa amaLombard, futhi wayefuna ukuze agcobe labo abakha sobukhosi Indodana encane Karlomana Pipina. ngokushesha Charles waqala ukuhlasela. Amabutho ka amaLombard kanye Franks elalihlanganyela Alps esifundeni, kodwa sibonga ngoba unamakhono aqondisa lempi zokugcina kwamandla iwine. Desideratum wanyamalala enhloko-dolobha yase-Pavia. Kodwa ngemva Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi umaluju, uCarl ophoqelelwe uyise wangaphambili emthethweni ukuthatha izithembiso, futhi wazama isihlalo sobukhosi amaLombard. Ngesikhathi esifanayo King zamaJalimane kuvikelwe ukuthula ne-United kapapa, futhi ngamthembisa ezweni elisha.

Lapho izinkinga Italy aye ixazululwe, waqala ekulweni Saxons, okuyinto wagcina kakhulu, nakuba kwathatha kuye iminyaka engu-32. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Saxons zathathwa ngenkani ebuKristwini, futhi insimu yabo yadibana kuya nemfuyo Charles.

Futhi e 787, uMbusi Bavaria Tassilon lwesithathu wafihlwa esigodlweni futhi wanikeza Karl amandla akhe. Kwabe sekufika ithuba sezizwe zakwa Slavic lutici, bese Avars futhi ufunde mathupha ukuthi Carl. Ukunqoba Kwabuye kwaba ohlangothini zamaJalimane.

Nakuba kwakunabamemezeli futhi linqoba, ezifana 777, e belwa Basques. Ikhumbule le mpi kwalotshwa "Ingoma Roland".

Ngosuku lukaKhisimusi, eminyakeni 800 Carl lithole isihloko koMbusi kwezincwadi eNtshonalanga. Ngisho phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe wabe lobunikazi phakathi lamadodana akhe amathathu, kodwa kuphela abasinda uyise, Louis Yokuqala.

yokuletha ukuthula

Kodwa iNkosi akuyona kuphela impi. Ngubani Carl njengoba isibalo kwamasiko? Waqalisa imvuselelo, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi Carolingian. Umbusi esungulwe kuloluhlelo lwemfundo jikelele (nakuba lokhu kwakuyinselele amadoda kuphela), wadala Academy of Arts Palace eliholwa Alcuin imbongi, kwaholela ekusakazekeni zemibhalo yesandla. Ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe, kwakheka Latin medieval njengoba ulimi isayensi, isitayela Romanesque bokwakha, ukwakha imigwaqo, izinqaba namasosha.

Ngubani Carl njengomuntu?

Naphezu impumelelo, akazange abe isifo lezinkanyezi. Wayethanda izingubo ezinothonotho nethebula, Echichima ukudla, ngakho begqoke cishe like a ovamile, futhi ukudla kwakhe babe nesizotha futhi elula. Karl asithandayo ukufunda, ukufunda izinkanyezi, mpendulo. Yena ine ngobugagu enviable futhi engasenathonya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMbusi uCharles wayengumuntu othanda inkolo: udunyiswa yibo bonke imicikilisho namasiko.

Ngakho, nahlulele kusukela ngenhla, noKarla Velikogo akusilo ize obizwa ngokuthi uyise Europe. It ngempela babamba iqhaza elikhulu kwezombusazwe, amasiko nezomnotho yamasimu belawulwa nguye.