Ukudla emfuleni umbuso

Mode kusho ukuphatha ama-oda. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukubonisa oda ezindaweni eziningi umsebenzi womuntu, kanye nohlobo ezizungezile. Esinye isibonelo salokhu i-umbuso lomfula. Kodwa uma abantu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ithobela ngendlela ethile, ngo-emfuleni, wayevame kuthatha isikhundla asimeme - ithi kunyakaza okwenzeka umfula wokuphila, futhi kuphela kwezinye izimo, ingase iphazamise umbuso wamanzi ukuyiguqula.

Iyiphi into zomhlaba lingachazwa ngokumnika impendulo. Kuhlanganise nezici enikeziwe emizimbeni kwamanzi - olwandle, nasemachibini, emachibini, emifuleni, futhi ayinawo amaxhaphozi. It ngokuthi lokhu kwebalingisi of kwamanzi. It ngempela kuhlanganisa umbuso kwamanzi lomfula - iqoqo izici ezivelele iguqule isimo emfuleni isikhathi.

Kwamanzi umbuso manifest e oscillations diurnal, ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka futhi zisetshenziswa level amanzi kanye nokuqukethwe amanzi (ndawonye kuba imodi amanzi), ice imihlola, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, inani ndaba okwesikhashana emanzini ekusakazeni hydrochemistry, izinguquko emfuleni embhedeni, ukugeleza velocity, ukuphazamiseka kanye nezinye izenzakalo nezinqubo ezenzeka njalo e umfula wokuphila. Konke lokhu kanye nezinye izakhi umbuso kwamanzi e sesisonke ukucacisa umbuso lomfula.

Kuye ukuthi noma cha kukhona phezu imisele yamanzi emfuleni, uyakwazi ukuthonya phezu umbuso kwamanzi lomfula kuthiwa imodi noma yemvelo (ikhaya) phezu-ezilawulwayo. Kuzo zonke izingxenye umbuso lomfula kakhulu nesisebenzayo esinikezwe ukwehla nokugeleza kwawo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, inquma indawo amanzi cut, izinqolobane sendawo Hydropower, nemifula umyalezo osayizi endaweni.

River umbuso kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi: sezulu, impumuzo eliwumhlaba, amanzi kanye nabanye. The main isici - amanzi ngamandla. Ukudla lomfula bavela kwezulu asemkhathini enqubeni wayewuqonda umjikelezo wamanzi ngokwemvelo. Amanzi usinika amandla emifuleni wahlukanise iqhwa, imvula komhlaba. Le migomo efanayo yakhetha belinganisa izinhlobo ukudla emifuleni. Kwezinye izimo kunzima ukuchaza igunya of olulodwa ngokucacile amandla umthombo , igama elithi "uhlobo okuxubile ukudla" komfula (uhlobo amandla umfula) bese isetshenziswa.

Isigaba (nezikhathi) umbuso aqueous izici isici zihlukaniswe amanzi high and low izikhukhula amanzi. Flood kwenzeka ngonyaka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, kukhona eside kuyanda ezingeni amamaki aphezulu futhi okuqukethwe enkulu amanzi uma siqhathanisa nabanye izigaba. amanzi okuphansi futhi zonyaka futhi esibonakala ngokuqina ezingeni eliphansi futhi okuqukethwe amanzi aphansi; ngalesi sikhathi emfuleni sidla ngokuyinhloko komhlaba. Gcwalisa esingokwemvelo ngokushesha futhi eziphelayo amazinga aphezulu kanye esiningi amanzi; zivele ngenxa imvula, snowmelt.
Izimpawu oMfula iNayile: Lo mfula imifula yalo ukwakha ohlelweni emfuleni Rukakara-Kager Umfula 6852 km - kuba mfula ongowesibili zomhlaba. Nile ogeleza usuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho oLwandle iMedithera. ukugeleza Rapid emfuleni engxenyeni engenhla futhi phakathi phansi kancane-motion; ukuze umlomo Nile ihlukaniswe imikhono eziningi futhi eduze noLwandle LwaseMedithera lwakha delta enkulu. Neil - umthombo wokuphila e ogwadule eSahara. Cishe bonke abantu eGibhithe (97%) ixazululwe oluseningizimu yayo. wamanzi Permanent Nile ukuhlinzeka unyaka wonke izimvula enkabazwe (abakule ndawo okuthathwe kuyo we zomfula iBlue Nile) nemvula ezindaweni eningizimu (nakangaka we White Nile), nezimvula ezinkangala Abyssinian, awashe kude inhlabathi okuxekethile. River ukugeleza ithwala ukumiswa, uhlehlise daka okunomsoco ku-delta, emadlelweni lapho abaseGibhithe ukuvuna ukususa kuze kube izikhathi 3 ngonyaka. Ukuze ukwazi ukulawula esigubuzelayo, lapho izinga amanzi asemifuleni endaweni Cairo kukhuphuke ngo-8 ukuphakama, okuyinto wasongela izinhlekelele labantu, ezakhiwe edumile Aswan Idamu. Futhi manje oMfula iNayile e sifinyelela engezansi umbuso ezilawulwayo. Kodwa ngenkathi uNeil eside izikhathi iVolga 3 busebenze athwala ivolumu amanzi ngezikhathi 2 ezincane.