Ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha. Mshini nekulawulwa kwegazi

Okuqhubekayo ukusikwa komqondo senhliziyo esilimele ivumela igazi ukuba unqobe lo ukumelana ukuthi kudala kwabantu yegazi lihambisana viscosity yayo. Kumiswa blood pressure umehluko futhi zigcinwe izingxenye pooling eyeqile lwemithambo we kwegazi ohlelweni. Ukwakheka umehluko nge okuvela kuyo izindawo umfutho ophakeme futhi ongaphakeme enjalo ingenye izindlela ezinkulu ngawo kukhona ukugeleza kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha.

umfutho wegazi

Ukusebenza inhliziyo kungafaniswa uhlobo ukusebenza futha. ukusikwa ngamunye Rhythmic we ventricles inhliziyo kuholela ikhiphela isimiso semithambo yegazi wesabelo esilandelayo igazi nomoya-mpilo, okubangela blood pressure imfundo.

Izinga esikhulu kunazo zonke izingcindezi ukunyakaza ezahlukene igazi elikuyi-aorta, kanye aphansi - e ngemithambo ububanzi esikhulu. Phakathi ukususwa imisipha inhliziyo kukhona ukwehla komfutho wegazi, kanye ekunqandeni ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa imithambo yegazi.

ejection wegazi ku imithambo kwenzeka ngamaqoqo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, wonke umzimba njalo wabona okuqhubekayo ukugeleza kwegazi. Incazelo lena kuyaqina eliphezulu izindonga isitsha. On yokuvuma igazi elinomoya kusukela imisipha yenhliziyo izitsha odongeni beze isimo sisalokhu futhi, ngenxa kuyaqina, ukudala izimo ngoba ezihambayo igazi izitsha ezincane.

Mshini wegazi ukugeleza ngokusebenzisa izitsha kusekelwe ingcindezi esiphezulu kwenzeka ngesikhathi we ukusikwa ventricles inhliziyo. ingcindezi Ubuncane siyenzeka phakathi ukuphumula imisipha yenhliziyo. Umehluko phakathi esiphezulu kanye esincane blood pressure lichazwa ngokuthi ingcindezi ishayela. Yilokho ukusebenza okuqinile kokushaya ingcindezi kubonisa ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza ngokujwayelekile.

ishayela

ezindaweni ezithile umzimba womuntu palpation kwesikhumba ikuvumela ukuzwa ukunyakaza Rhythmic legazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi ishayela, okuyinto Kusekelwe gqwa isandiso nomqwayiba lwemithambo udonga ngaphansi kwethonya pulses inhliziyo.

Kususelwa inani ishayela amabhithi kungenziwa yahlulelwe isikhathi esithize, indlela kahle imisipha yenhliziyo ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi umsebenzi eyabelwe yona. Zizwe ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha, kwenhliziyo, unga, ngokucindezela ngesikhumba omunye imithambo ezinkulu ukuze amathambo.

Ukuhamba kwegazi ngemithambo

Ukuhamba kwegazi e ngemithambo ngalo ingaphakathi has izici zayo siqu. Ngokungafani Umthambo, komncane nezimo odongeni emithambo yegazi kuhluke ukuthungwa kancane uqweqwe esithambile. Ngenxa yalokho, igazi lihambe ngemithambo ezincane kudala ingcindezi kancane, kodwa emikhulu ubukhulu emithanjeni cishe ezingabonakali, noma ngisho ilingane no-zero izinkomba. Ngakho-ke, igazi lihambe ezindleleni emithambo yegazi ukuze inhliziyo kudinga ekunqobeni amandla adonsela phansi yayo siqu futhi viscosity.

A indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza emithambo yegazi ukugeleza kwegazi udlala nesisekeli imisipha, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi abahileleke ngokuqondile kwegazi. Ukusikwa imisipha kuholela kokucindezelwa emithanjeni igcwele igazi, okubangela ukuhamba kwayo liye enhliziyweni.

ithoni semithambo

Isakhiwo izindonga imithambo yegazi, ngaphandle capillary encane, kusekelwe imisipha bushelelezi, okuyinto angaphansi ukuncipha ngisho nalapho engekho yezici humoral noma kwemizwa. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ibizwa ngokuthi tonus basal izindonga semithambo. Futhi ngokusekelwe nozwela stretchability izicubu, mechanical amathonya zangaphandle ukuhamba izitho, yemisipha.

ithoni Basal kanye nesigqi inhliziyo unesibopho ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha. Ubonakaliswa inqubo ithoni basal ezihlukahlukene izindlela beqhuba igazi akufani. Kusekelwe bushelelezi imisipha ye epithelium, kanye nemibandela ukukhuthaza ukwakheka inesikhala semithambo, ngenkathi sigcina blood pressure, ukuhlinzeka kwegazi izitho.

Izinga ukugeleza kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha

Izinga semithambo ukugeleza kwegazi kuyinto inkomba ebalulekile sitholakele kwegazi. Ijubane aphansi wegazi ukunyakaza ebonwe inethiwekhi capillary, futhi ophakeme kunabo - ku-aorta. Isenzo walesi sifanekiso ihambisana ngomqondo obalulekile yemvelo, njengoba ukunyakaza kancane igazi elinomoya-mpilo nezakhi izinto ezibe neqhaza ukusatshalaliswa yabo okunengqondo ezicutshini eziyishumi nemitshingo.

Igazi ukugeleza Isivinini

Hlukanisa komugqa futhi volumetric igazi ukugeleza rate. Inkomba Kubalwa komugqa ukugeleza kwegazi Isivinini esekelwe ekuzimiseleni wenani Ingxenye evundlile isimiso semithambo yegazi. Imininingwane I Ingxenye evundlile aggregate capillary inethiwekhi enkulu yomzimba womuntu yakhiwa kaningi ngaphezu kwamaminithi mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi bomkhumbi thinnest - elikuyi-aorta, lapho Isivinini komugqa ifinyelela izinga eliphelele.

Ikhumbula iqiniso lokuthi omunye umthambo i emithanjeni engaphezu kwemibili emzimbeni womuntu, akumangalisi ukuthi izikhathi izindlela mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi Imininingwane emithambo yegazi eziningana ephakeme ukwedlula igazi enhliziyweni. Lokhu-ke kuholela ukwehla emithambo yegazi ukugeleza kwegazi Isivinini pheze ngesiquntu. komugqa isivinini izinkomba emithanjeni eziyize lilingana cishe 25 cm / iminithi futhi akuvamile idlule kwaleli nani.

Volumetric ukugeleza Isivinini

Ukunqunywa umthamo wegazi isivinini ukufuduka esekelwe ibalwa isamba lapho enza umbuthano egcwele ngokusebenzisa uhlelo semithambo phezu iyunithi isikhathi. Kulokhu, kulahliwe kubangela ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha, kusukela kunoma iyiphi indlela conductive njalo sihamba inani elilingana wegazi per unit isikhathi.

Isikhathi kwaqedwa wesifunda yilona isikhathi igazi has isikhathi ukudabula ezincane nezinkulu kwegazi. Lapho enempilo inhliziyo umsebenzi futhi khona mayelana 70-80 amabhithi ngamunye ukunyakaza ngomzuzu egcwele igazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha nge kokuphothulwa wesifunda senzeka amasekhondi mayelana 22-23.

Sezici ezaba nomthelela asebenzayo ukugeleza kwegazi

Icacisa, t. E. Isici evelele ukuthi ihlinzeka ngendlela yokuba ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha, ungumsebenzi imisipha yenhliziyo. Nokho, kukhona ezahlukene ebaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuqinisekisa asizayo ukugeleza izici, phakathi lapho kufanele egqanyisiwe:

• ubunjalo ngasese isimiso semithambo yegazi;
• Khetha izinkomba ingcindezi umehluko ngentende vein, I-aorta nezitsha;
• kuyaqina, kuyaqina isitsha izindonga;
• ukusebenza kudivayisi inhliziyo umphini enikeza igazi ezihambayo luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa;
• khona imisipha, sitho, ingcindezi intrathoracic;
• umsebenzi zokuphefumula, okuholela ukuncela igazi ukuchayeka.

Ukuqeqeshwa yisimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi

isiqondiso okunempilo ukugeleza kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kokunakekela isimo senhliziyo futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe. Phakathi cross-ukuqeqeshwa isidingo izicubu oxygenation inyuka kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqinisekisa impilo umzimba inhliziyo has ukumpompa igazi kakhulu kunokuhlala umzimba ukuba esimweni ukuphumula.

Abantu abanale ngasebenzi, yokuphila cishe ongasanyakazi, sezizathu esiyinhloko ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha - lokhu kuvunyelwe kuphela Ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Nokho, ukuba njalo ucindezelekile, ngaphandle ukusebenza izici asizayo of ukugeleza kwegazi, imisipha yenhliziyo kancane kancane isiqala luntengantenge. Lokhu kuthambekela kuholela inhliziyo ukukhathala siqinisa igazi eligciniwe ezicutshini futhi izitho kwenzeka emfushane, inkathi emfushane. Ekugcineni, ukuntuleka umsebenzi wonke umzimba, okuhloswe ngaso ezihambayo igazi, kuholela ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo inhliziyo.

Baqeqeshelwa ezihambayo abantu abangekho alien ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, noma kungaba ezemidlalo noma izinto ngenxa yomsebenzi, benenhliziyo eqinile enempilo. Baqeqeshelwa senhliziyo esilimele uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka esitebeleni kwegazi ngaphandle ukukhathala phezu isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, i yokuphila yeselula asebenzayo, ezinengqondo alternation okunengqondo ukuphumula ngokwanele nokuvivinya umzimba nanesandla uqinise inhliziyo futhi yisimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi iyonke.