Indlela yokubhala isitatimende. Indlela yokufunda ukubhala indaba

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kokugcina, abafundi abaningi bahlangabezana nokucindezeleka. Esinye sezizathu yisidingo sokubhala isitatimende. Isizathu siwukuhluleka ukwakha umcabango womuntu. Ingabe lokhu kungafundwa? Yebo, futhi kulesi sihloko sizobuka ukuthi isitatimende se-GIA esicindezelekile siwukuthi, ukubhala kanjani futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sigweme amaphutha ajwayelekile.

Yisiphi isitatimende?

Isitatimende yindlela yokudala yomsebenzi lapho abafundi bafundwa khona umbhalo futhi, ngokuya ngesabelo, kufanele babuyisele ngokubhala.

Umgomo oyinhloko wesethulo ukuthuthukisa amakhono okupela isipelingi kanye ne-stylistics.

Babhala kanjani umbiko? Wonke umsebenzi uhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine:

• Uthisha ufunda umbhalo kabili;

• Abafundi benza imidwebo emibhalweni;

• Ngemuva kokufunda kwesibili babhala inguqulo ehleliwe yesethulo;

• Abafundi bahlola umbhalo ngamaphutha, futhi uma konke kulungile, babuyisela yonke into emhlophe.

Uyini umbono?

Ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ukubhala isitatimende esifanele, udinga ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani.

• Okuningiliziwe - lo mbhalo uphindaphinda ngenkathi ugcina ukulandelana kwezenzakalo nezenzo.

• Icindezelekile - ukubuyisela amaphuzu amakhulu ombhalo.

• Ukukhetha - ukuveza izikhathi ezithile embhalweni ohlotshaniswa nomlingiswa othile noma isenzo.

Ungabhala kanjani isitatimende?

Kuye ngohlobo, indlela yokubhala isethulo izohluka. Ngakho-ke, babhala kanjani umbiko?

Kule nkcazelo eqoshiwe ebhaliwe, izinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zilandelwe:

• Gcizelela umqondo oyinhloko kusuka embhalweni ;

• Hlela isitayela sokubhala - ubuciko, izintatheli, ukuhlangana, isayensi.

• Cabanga ngohlobo lwezethulo zesikhathi esizayo - incazelo, ukucabanga, okulandayo.

• Cabanga ngokulandelana kokuphindaphinda bese uyibhala kusuka kumuntu oyedwa.

Lapho ubhala isitatimende esikhulelwe, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo kufanele zilandelwe:

• Hlukanisa umbhalo zibe izingxenye eziningana;

• Ukukhetha kusuka kubo imisho ngomthwalo we-semantic;

• Hlanganisa indaba engathinti incazelo ephelele yendaba.

Uma ubhala izitatimende ezikhethiwe, udinga ukubuyisela umbhalo esabelweni.

Kuzo zonke izimo kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela zokufaka esikhundleni, ukukhipha kanye nokuhlanganiswa, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke okusetshenziselwa lapho ubhala isethulo esicindezelweyo. Bakubhala kanjani ngendlela ekhishiwe?

Ukufaka esikhundleni kuhilela ukufaka esikhundleni samagama ngamagama ngamazwi avamile. Isibonelo, "amadoda nabesifazane" - "abantu", "abafundi nabafundi" - "izingane" noma "izingane zesikole".

Okuhlukile kuhilela ukucindezela umbhalo ngokuqeda ukuphindaphinda kwe-lexical, imigomo ehambisanayo kanye nemisho ethwala umthwalo we-semantic omncane. Isibonelo, umusho othi "Wonke umuntu ohlala edolobheni othembekile nonothando waya ekuvikeleni izindonga zendabuko" anganciphisa ukunikezwa okunjalo: "Wonke umuntu ohlala endaweni evikelekile edolobheni."

Ukuhlanganiswa kuhilela ukuhlanganisa imisho emibili eyinkimbinkimbi ibe yinye eyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, lezi zigwegwe ezimbili eziyinkimbinkimbi zingahlanganiswa zibe yinye: "Umuntu osebenza isikhathi eside futhi onzima emgomweni wakhe, maduzane uzowufinyelela, naphezu kwemibono yabanye. Ukuze enze lokhu, kumele akholelwe yena futhi ahambe ephusheni, naphezu kwezithiyo. " Umphumela wokuhlanganiswa: "Ukukholwa kuphela nokusebenza kanzima kuyoholela umuntu emgomweni, naphezu kwemibono yabanye nezithiyo."

Ungabhala kanjani umbiko we- GIA?

Ukubhala kuyadingeka ekuhlolweni kokugcina ebangeni lesi-9. Ihluke kwizethulo evamile lapho abafundi belalela ukurekhodwa komsindo. Lezi zinto ezintsha zavela ngo-2014. Leli qiniso liye laphazamisa izinga lomsebenzi, eliye lahla kakhulu. Ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yomsebenzi kwakungenxa yokuthi uthisha, ukufunda umbhalo, wagxila kumfundi ojwayelekile futhi wenza imibono emaphuzu abalulekile, futhi ekurekhodweni ummemezeli ufunda masinyane umbhalo, uwenze kahle. Ngakho-ke, ungabhala kanjani umbiko we-GIA ka-2014? Ungagxila kumacebiso alandelayo:

• Uma ulalela umbhalo okokuqala, zama ukuqonda umqondo wakhe oyinhloko, ngenkathi wenza amanothi wezintandokazi kanye necebo elizayo.

• Zama ukuphindaphinda ngokwengqondo umbhalo ngokusho kwepulani;

• Ngesikhathi sokulalela kwesibili, engeza ulwazi olulahlekile kumarekhodi;

• Qala ukubhala inguqulo ehleliwe yesethulo;

• Phula umbhalo obhaliwe ngezigaba bese ubala inani lamagama ngayinye;

• Bala inani lamagama atholakele futhi, uma kunengaphansi kwezingu-70, ukwandisa umbhalo ngokufaka izichasiselo, i-gerunds, iqhaza, ukubeka esikhundleni izibizo ngamabizo;

• Hlola umbhalo wamaphutha futhi, uma kungenjalo, kopisha ngokucophelela umbhalo kulolu hlu.

Babhala kanjani isitatimende se-GIA? Izidingo eziyisisekelo zalo okungenani amagama angu-70, kufanele kube nezindima ezingu-3.

Ungakugwema kanjani amaphutha ajwayelekile?

Uma ubhala iphrezentheshini, umfundi angase abe namaphutha ajwayelekile:

• Inkulumo, uhlelo lolimi kanye ne-syntax;

• Ekudluliseni impahla;

• Imvelo eqondakalayo.

Ungabhala kanjani i- akhawunti yolimi lwesiRussia ukuze ugweme la maphutha?

Amaphutha okukhuluma ahlukaniswe abe yi-mechanical (typos) ne-normative. Ngokuqala kudingeka nje uqaphele futhi uhlole umbhalo ngaphambi kokuzinikela. Lapha, inqubo esetshenziswe ku-typography izosiza: ukufunda umbhalo kusukela phansi kuze kube manje-ngakho imicabango izogxila emaphutha, hhayi kokuqukethwe. Ngenkinga yesibili kunzima kakhulu, ngoba lapha kuyadingeka ukwazi imigomo yolimi.

Amaphutha okupelona akwenzeka uma umfundi engazi isipelingi esifanele segama. Isibonelo, "ingcwele" esikhundleni se "izvvini." Ukuze uzigweme, udinga ukwakha ulwazi oluthile lokufunda, ufunde okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngezingqikithi kanye nezikhathi, bese ubhala ukuchazwa kwesilulumagama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungabhalela umrekhoda uchungechunge lwamagama ngekhefu bese ubhala, bese ubhala amagama ngamaphutha ngokulandelana.

Isizathu seziphambeko zokwenziwa kobuciko ukusetshenziswa kwamagama ngencazelo engaqondakali futhi uma bengavumelani. Isibonelo, umusho othi "Sasivame ukubona uSvetlana futhi ekhuluma noSvetlana njalo" kungathathwa indawo "Sasivame ukubona uSvetlana futhi ekhuluma naye."

Ngaphansi kweziphambeko zesitayela ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwencazelo yombhalo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukulandela umyalelo wegama emshweni bese uhlela amalungu omusho womusho ngamagama ancike kuwo.

Ngaphansi kokudluliswa okungalungile kwezimpawulo ezibonakalayo nangokwengqondo ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwencazelo yombhalo nezimpikiswano ezingalungile. Isizathu siwukuntuleka komfundi kokuqonda umbhalo. Ukuze ugweme leli phutha, udinga ukubuza imibuzo: yikuphi umbhalo, lokho umbhali ayefuna ukukusho, ukuthi izimpendulo zombhalo ziqinisekisa lo mqondo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umfundi uyavumelana nomqondo womlobi.

Indlela yokufundisa ingane ukubhala isethulo: izincomo

Amakhono okubhala awakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ukulungiselela kufanele kuqale kusengaphambili - inyanga, izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphambili, kuye ngezinga lokulungiselela ingane. Khona-ke ekuhlolweni umfundi ngeke abe nombuzo ukuthi angabhala kanjani i-akhawunti yaseRussia.

• Fundisa ingane ukufinyeza amagama nokusebenzisa izimpawu ze-stenographic;

• Thola izibonelo zama-audiotexts we-GIA bese ubhala kuwo ukuveza okuvela ohlelweni olungenhla;

• Bhala ukuchazwa kwesilulumagama.

Indlela yokubhala isethulo esifanele? Impendulo yalo mbuzo iwukusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ngisho nomsebenzi onzima kakhulu ungafezwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.