Isifunda saseViatka: umlando nesimanje

Isifunda saseViatka - ukwakheka kwendawo eMbusweni waseRussia wangaphambili enesikhungo edolobheni laseVavatka. Amazwe alesi sifundazwe awazange ahlanganiswe njalo endaweni eyodwa, kepha ayehlale ehlangene ngokwezomnotho.

Ukwenziwa kwendawo yesifundazwe

Ngaphambi kokulungiswa kokuphatha kukaPetru Omkhulu ngo-1708-1710 eRussia kwakungekho neze ukwahlukana kwensimu ezindaweni. Inkosi enkulu ngo-1708 yahlukanisa umbuso waba yizifundazwe ezingu-7. Qaphela ukuthi indaba yokudalwa kwesifundazwe saseViatka yayingekho ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho-ke, amazwe aseduze noMfula iVava ahlanganiswa ngalezi zindlela:

Isifundazwe saseSiberia (izifunda ezingu-6);

- I-Kazan (izifunda ezingu-5);

- Arkhangelsk (2 volosts).

Ngo-1719, ngasinye salezi zifundazwe sahlukaniswa saba izifundazwe. Isifunda saseViatka ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyingxenye yesifundazwe saseSiberia, kodwa ngo-1727 sathunyelwa esifundeni saseKazzan. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kwakuzuzisa kakhulu embonweni wezomnotho, ngoba isifundazwe saseKazan ekuqaleni sakhiwa amazwe amaningi lapho uMfula iVyatka ugeleza khona . Njengoba sekuyaziwa, ngaleso sikhathi ukuthuthwa komfula kwakuyisisekelo sokugcina ubudlelwane bomnotho nokuthuthukisa ezohwebo.

Izinguquko zokuphatha zenzeka embusweni futhi engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18. Isibonelo, ngo-1780 umbuso weVivatka wadalwa. Insimu ihlanganisa izifundazwe zaseVavat kanye nezinye izifundazwe eziseningizimu esifundazweni saseKazan.

Ukubhaliswa ngokomthetho kokudalwa kwesifundazwe

Ngomnyaka we-1796 umbuso wabuyiselwa emuva esifundeni. Ngale ndlela i-tsarism eqinisweni yaqaphela ukuthi isifundazwe saseVavatka kwakudingeka sibe khona ekuqaleni nangemingcele efanelekile kwezoqoqosho. Insimu yokuphatha yahlukaniswa izifunda ezingu-13:

- Vyatsky;

- Orel;

- Glazovsky;

- Sarapulsky;

- Elabuga;

- Slobodskaya;

- Kaygorodsky;

- Urzhumsky;

- Kotelnich;

- Tsarevosanchursky;

- Malmyzhsky;

- Yaransky;

- Nolinsky.

Isikhungo esifundazweni

I-Vyatka (idolobha) yasungulwa yizifiki ezivela emazweni aseNovgorod esikhathini esiphakathi kweminyaka engu-1181 no-1374. Emibhalweni yemlando, edolobheni laseKotelnich kwathiwa ngo-1181, kodwa akushiwo lutho ngeVatka. Kodwa kwaba ngo-1374 ukuthi lo muzi ukhulunywe mayelana nomkhankaso wabakwa-Novgorodians enhloko-dolobha ye-Volga Bulgars.

I-Vyatka idolobha elishintsha igama layo izikhathi eziningana. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokushesha emva kwesisekelo kwabizwa ngokuthi uKhnovnov, nakuba kwakungekho ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni ngaleli qiniso ngendlela yemibhalo yomlando. Ngo-1374, ngokusho "iTale of Vyatka Land," isikhungo salesi sifundazwe sabizwa ngeVivatka. Kusukela ngo-1457 igama leKhnonov libuyele emuva. Ngokuqondene nokuguqulwa kokuphatha kuka-1780, uTarina Catherine wakhipha isimemezelo mayelana nokubuyela komuzi edolobheni laseVavatka, elahlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1934. Njengoba wazi, kulo nyaka umholi wamaKhomanisi u-Kirov wabulawa. Ubuholi baseSoviet bakhetha ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yamaKhomanisi, ebizwa ngeVivatka eKrov. Okwamanje, umbuzo wokubuyisela umuzi egameni lomlando uphakanyiswa, kodwa lo mbono awunaso ukwesekwa okungathí sina.

Ukwakheka kobuhlanga

Ukubalwa kwabantu esifundazweni saseViatka ngo-1897 sanikeza ithuba lokwenza ukumelela kwangempela mayelana nesakhiwo sohlanga lwesifunda jikelele kanye nesifunda ngasinye ngokuqondile. Ngakho-ke, inani labantu emhlabeni laliyi-3030831. Kulenombolo, amaRussia ayengama-77.4%, ama-Udmurts - 12.5%, amaTatars - 4.1%, amaMari - 4.8%. Uma sibheka i-zezds, sizobona isithombe esicacile. Ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseVavka, abantu baseRussia babengu-99.5%. Isithombe esifanayo singabonwa eKotelnich, Nolin, nase-Orel nezds. Ku-Glazov Uyezd, ama-54% aseRussia ahlala, u-42% we-Udmurts, u-2% wamaTatars noKomi-Permyaks. Isizwe esiningi kunazo zonke yisifunda sase-Elabuga. Lapha ngesikhathi sokubalwa kwabantu, isakhiwo sabantu sasingu-53.3% waseRussia, u-21.9% u-Udmurt, u-3.1% weMali, u-16.3% wamaTatar, u-3.7% wama-Bashkirs, u-1.7% u-Teptyari . E-Malmyye, izakhamuzi zaseRussia zaziba ngu-54%, u-Udmurts - 24%, uMari - 4%, uTatars - 17%. Njengoba sibona, isifundazwe saseViatka sinezizwe eziningi, ngoba esifundeni ngasinye kukhona okungenani izizwe ezintathu. Ngo-1897, kwakukhona izifunda ezimbalwa ze-mono-kazwelonke kuphela.

Imizi yaseProvince

Insimu yesifundazwe ngasinye yahlukaniswa yaba izingxenye eziningana zokuphatha. Isifunda saseViatka sasingavamile. Izifunda, ngezikhathi zanamuhla, izifunda ezifaka emabhandlwini emadolobheni (ngezikhathi zama-tsarist - ama-volosts). Amagama amadolobhana namadolobhana amancane ayevame ukuhlambalaza izakhamuzi, ngoba abahambi bangayithatha ngokungathí sina igama elibi, becabanga ukuthi liyizici zendawo yokuhlala.

Cabanga ngalesi simo ngesibonelo samagama amadolobha kaNolin Andzd. Ngo-1926 kwabalwa ukubalwa kwabantu, okwakubhala ukuthi kunezindawo ezinjalo:

- isiphukuphuku (isimo esibi samakhono engqondo abahlali);

- Iziwula (inkulumo engafanele nakakhulu);

- Abadla uNkulunkulu (abantu abadla uNkulunkulu);

- Izilonda;

- Kobelevshchina noKobeli (sikhuluma ngenye indlela yezici zobulili);

- Amasiko Nomsebenzi, Ukulondoloza Imisebenzi (kuphela amagama aseSoviet);

- I-Netrusy (kuye ngokuthi uqondisisa kanjani incazelo yegama, unikezwe inkulumo enhle noma engalungile);

- Ihlazo (indawo ehlazolayo).

Isifunda saseViatka: kusukela emlandweni kuze kube manje

Namuhla siphila ezweni lanamuhla elikhulayo futhi libuka ngokuzethemba esikhathini esizayo. Esifundazweni saseKirov kunamabhizinisi amaningi ezimboni. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-2000, kubalwa inani labantu, imiphumela eyabonisa ukuthi isakhiwo sikazwelonke sabantu sasihlale singaguquki. Lesi sifundazwe siyamangalisa nokuthi iMari, u-Udmurts, amaRussia, amaTatars kanye nezinzalo ze-Perm bahlala lapha. Izingxabano zezizwe phakathi kwabameleli bezizwe ezahlukene azikaze zibonwe.