Impilo, Imithi
Ukulinganisa ngokomzimba of centile amatafula. Kuyadingeka idatha anthropometric ngoba kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba
Izingane azifani - kungcono akukho mfihlo. Nokho, kunobufakazi bokuthi abantwana ezithile amaqembu eminyaka kufanele luhambisane amazinga isilinganiso. Lezi nemingcele ukusiza udokotela ukuthi iyini ngempela inkinga engaba kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, kuhlanganise ukuba singaphethi khona yisiphi isifo.
Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba wengane - umzuzwana kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke odokotela futhi yebo, abazali. Ukuthi bamele zonke lezi izikali, ukuhlolwa kanye amatafula ukuphila kwengane kanye basuka kuphi?
ewusana olusanda kuzalwa
Lapho ingane izalwe kuphela, masinyane uthola ukuhlolwa kwakhe kuqala. Ngokusho Apgar amaphuzu e ngeminithi lokuqala nelesihlanu zokuphila neonatologist womntwana ibeka ethile amaphuzu. Kulezi zibalo ezimbili incike ukuthi ngeke ahlale nonina, noma udinga ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa ngaphezulu, umbuzo wokugoma wokuqala.
Kid unyaka
Ngemva usana selunenyanga, umama kufanele baphathe ingane kuya wezingane izindlela isimiso. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokwesimiso sansuku lapho izingane kumaka:
- inyanga eyodwa;
- izinyanga ezintathu;
- izinyanga eziyisithupha;
- izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye;
- izinyanga eziyishumi nambili.
Kulezi zindlela ngempela ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba of centile amatafula. Futhi ukuqopha ubudala, lapho Ingane yaqala smile, okokuqala, ngahlala phansi, wasukuma, wathatha igxathu lakhe lokuqala ngqa, wathi igama lokuqala ngangokunokwenzeka teething. ukukala:
- Isisindo.
- umzimba obuphelele.
- Ivolumu / ikhanda selilonke.
- usayizi esifubeni.
- I lokushisa komzimba.
- usayizi fontanelle.
Ngesisekelo lezi idatha kanye nezikhalo unina ezingaba sika, ingane ingase kohlolwa eyengeziwe noma reception onguchwepheshe. Kwezinye izimo, amamaki ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba of centile amatafula. ukuthuthukiswa Jwayelekile amathebula idatha njalo babonwa ishayiswa eziphakathi nendawo, okungukuthi ku uhla amaphesenti 25-75 of. Kodwa ingane ingase futhi ukuthuthukisa ngempela ngokuvamile, uma idatha zonke izinkomba uhla efanayo, ngenhla noma ngezansi isilinganiso (kuleli cala sikhulume mayelana nezici zomzimba).
Centile amatafula kuze kube ngonyaka abafana
Ukulinganisa ukukhula phezulu sengane ukuba sikwazi ngonyaka emtholampilo ebhodini obukhethekile imingcele. Omunye wabo yayicindezele ikhanda wengane komunye - imilenze.
ubudala | ukukhula umfana | ||||||
Centile isikhawu% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
ewusana olusanda kuzalwa | 46, 5 | 48 | 49, 8 | 51, 3 | 52, 5 | 53, 5 | 55 |
1 | 49, 5 | 51, 5 | 52, 7 | 54, 5 | 55, 5 | 56, 5 | 57, 5 |
3 | 55, 5 | 56, 5 | 58 1 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 64 |
6 | 61, 5 | 63 | 65 | 66 | 68 | 69 | 71, 5 |
9 | 67, 5 | 68, 2 | 70 | 71, 5 | 73, 2 | 75 | 79 |
12 | 71 | 72, 5 | 74 | 75, 5 | 77, 3 | 80 | 82 |
Centile amatafula for abafana namantombazane futhi inemininingwane yobukhulu ikhanda womntwana. Ukungafani izimiso zaleli ipharamitha ongokhetheke ukuthumela ingane kudokotela oyisazi sezinzwa ngezindleko.
ubudala | Obungazungeza ikhanda womfana | ||||||
Centile isikhawu% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
ewusana olusanda kuzalwa | 33 | 34 | 34-35 | 35 | 35-37 | 37 | 37, 5 |
1 | 34, 5 | 35, 5 | 36, 5 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40, 5 |
3 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 40, 5 | 41, 5 | 42, 5 | 43, 5 |
6 | 41, 5 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 45, 5 | 46, 5 |
9 | 43, 5 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 46, 5 | 47, 5 | 48 |
12 | 44, 5 | 45, 5 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 48, 5 | 49, 5 |
Izimo letitsintsa ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba
Impilo ngokomzimba wengane - iyona inkomba eyinhloko isimo sempilo yakhe. It kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana:
- izimo zezulu;
- ufuzo;
- amandla;
- ezingeni impahla inhlalakahle umndeni;
- ukunamathela kosuku;
- ka kubazali kuya kumntwana;
- Isibhakabhaka ngokwengqondo umndeni.
Kuyadingeka idatha anthropometric ekuhloleni ukukhula ngokomzimba izingane ngemuva konyaka
Ukulinganisa ngokomzimba nokuthuthukisa izingane ngemva konyaka ngenxa izici ezilandelayo:
- Ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo izinkomba (isisindo kg, ukuphakama ku-cm, esifubeni selilonke ku-cm).
- izinkomba Somatoscopic (isimo integument isikhumba, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukuthuthukiswa fat ongama, ukuthuthukiswa of the system zemisipha, ezingeni yentuthuko ngokobulili).
- Fiziometricheskie izinkomba (amandla kwemisipha, iphaphu umthamo, umfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngamandla).
- impilo Jikelele (izifo idluliselwe, khona izifo).
Izindlela ekuhloleni ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba akuvunyelwe zilandele izilinganiso ezithile, ngoba kuphela ngokuthatha izilinganiso ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo futhi amathuluzi esifanayo, singaxoxa mayelana comparability nokwethembeka ngemiphumela yocwaningo.
izinkomba ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo
Ukulinganisa ngokomzimba wengane ngokuvamile kwenzeka kanje: izinkomba ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo ingane ethile uqhathaniswa amatafula centile ngokobudala futhi ngihlanganyele ubulili. Kanjani lezi amatafula funa abafana, ungabona ngezansi.
ubudala | ukukhula umfana | ||||||
Centile isikhawu% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 |
97-100 | |
iminyaka engu-2 | 81 | 83 | 84, 5 | 87 | 89 | 100 | 94 |
iminyaka engu-3 | 88 | 90 | 92, 5 | 96 | 100 | 102 | 104 5 |
iminyaka 5 | 99 | 101 5 | 104 5 | 108 5 | 112 | 114 5 | 117 |
iminyaka 7 | 111 | 113 5 | 117 | 121 | 125 | 128 | 130 5 |
iminyaka engu-10 | 126 5 | 129 5 | 133 | 138 | 142 | 147 | 149 |
Girls ukukhula rates athe ukuhluka. Kufika iminyaka emibili, ngokuvamile engaphansana nje kwengu-abafana, kodwa ngemva baxoxelane ne ngisho ngaphambi ukukhula.
ubudala | Kukhula amantombazane | ||||||
Centile isikhawu% | |||||||
3-9 | 10-24 | 25-49 | 50-74 | 75-89 | 90-96 | 97-100 | |
iminyaka engu-2 | 80 | 82 | 83, 5 | 85 | 87, 5 | 90 | 92, 5 |
iminyaka engu-3 | 89 | 91 | 93 | 95, 5 | 98 | 100 5 | 103 |
iminyaka 5 | 100 | 102 5 | 105 | 107 5 |
111 | 113 5 | 117 |
iminyaka 7 | 111 | 113 5 | 117 | 121 | 125 | 128 | 131 5 |
iminyaka engu-10 | 127 | 130 5 | 134 5 | 19 | 143 | 147 | 151 |
izinkomba Investigation somatoscopic
Izindlela yokuhlaziya ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba zihlanganisa nesilinganiso eziyisisekelo izibonisi eziningana. Abakwazi ukuba zihlolwe ethebuleni elandelayo.
uphawu | amapharamitha | kuyinsakavukela | AMAZWI |
zhirootlozhenija | I ukushuba we amafutha folds esiswini | 1-2 cm | Uhlangothi inkaba futhi ngezansi isiphanga |
Ubukhulu nokuma izici ukuthuthukiswa kwesifuba | Cylindrical, flat, oyindilinga, exubile, rachitic, emgqonyeni | cylindrical | Ngezinye izikhathi izingane zibuthelwa angabhekwa esifubeni yinto evamile ukukhuluma uhlobo okuxubile |
skeleton | Izacile, shiya ezinye zibe yizinqamu, Lesisemkhatsini | - | - |
emgogodleni | Jwayelekile kyphotic, lordostichesky | Okuvamile - kuyinto s emise indiza sagittal | By ukusonteka yomgogodla nazo ukugobeka komhlandla |
foot Ukuma | I esiyingelezini sezulu, flat, isicaba | Arch (evamile) | - |
izinkomba Fiziometricheskie
Ukuhlolwa nokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kwebafundzi kwenzekani, kufaka phakathi ukulinganisa nemingcele ukusebenza emzimbeni:
1. umthamo Vital (umthamo) kwamaphaphu - angokomzimba ngesilinganiso esithile zokuphefumula muscle wamaphaphu umthamo. Ukumeda wenziwa usebenzisa emoyeni noma emanzini spirometer. izinkomba ezihlobene Ubudala-e izingane zobudala obuhlukene futhi ubulili zizohluka.
ubudala | Paul | |||
amantombazane | Boys | |||
Ivolumu, ml | amandla | Ivolumu, ml | amandla | |
iminyaka 8 | 1474 | 280 | 1670 | 301 |
iminyaka engu-10 | 1903 | 360 | 2000 | 409 |
iminyaka engu-15 | 3022 | 433 | 3670 | 729 |
2. Amandla bengalo kwemisipha - degree of ukuthuthukiswa imisipha. Isilinganiso senziwa idivayisi ngokuthi i dynamometer isandla.
3. Stanovoi amandla - amandla imisipha extensor yomzimba emalungeni hip.
4. CHCHS - kwenhliziyo.
Ubudala, iminyaka | Isibalo amabhithi ngeminithi |
1 | 120-125 |
3 | 105-110 |
5 | 93-100 |
7 | 85-90 |
10 | 78-85 |
15 | 70-76 |
5. Umfutho wegazi uqale ukukala emva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa. Ngokuvamile, lonyaka nge systolic (engenhla) kumele abe phakathi 100-120 mm HG. Ubuciko diastolic (engezansi) -. 60-80 mmHg. Art.
Ukulinganisa ngokomzimba lezi izinkomba kwenziwa ngokuqhathanisa ukusebenza ngabanye kanye kumanani esilinganiso ejwayelekile ye ngobudala nobulili amaqembu izingane.
Ezinye izindlela ekuhloleni ukuthuthukiswa
Kuyadingeka idatha anthropometric ngoba kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela:
- Indlela amazinga anthropometric / sigmalnyh ngeziphambeko. Lapho kusetshenziswa le ndlela, ukubala ukuthuthukiswa ezilinganiselwe. Le ndlela ibizwa kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa namuhla, ngoba akubonisi isithombe esiphelele ukuthuthukiswa futhi ukuhlola izakhi ngaphandle.
- Scale ekuhlehleni. Amathebula ukuze zihlolwe ngale ndlela wenza ikhumbula ubudlelwane obuncane, okuyinto inzuzo indlela. Kodwa-ke ngeke likwazi ukusebenziseka kwi izingane nge ukuthuthukiswa ongalingani izici ngamunye.
- isikali D Matveevoy N. A. Le ndlela isetshenziswa uma ufaka ekilasini lokuqala, ngesikhathi sithola ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso 3, 8 no-6 amaminithi amakilasi. Ucabangela izimpawu nanye yentuthuko:
- isisindo somzimba,
- ukukhula;
- emjikelezweni (umthamo) kwesifuba;
- inani molars;
- amandla kwamaphaphu;
- imvamisa (inombolo amabhithi ngeminithi) ishayela;
- usayizi amanoni folds ngesikhathi inkaba;
- amandla kwemisipha esandleni sobunxele;
- amandla kwemisipha esandleni sokunene;
- minimum futhi maximum blood pressure.Le ndlela ngempela enemininingwane, kodwa it has ethile efanayo indlela izindinganiso anthropometric. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola ngokomzimba kuyoba esinembile uma usebenzisa amathebula mgudumbili centile, okuyinto acabangele ukwencika ubude mass umzimba. - Centile ithebula mgudumbili. Ukuhlolwa lwenzeka vosmiballnoy isikali ukuthi uyakucabangela ratio ubulili, ubudala, ubude nesisindo.
- Centile ishadi ngesikhathi I. M. Vorontsovu. Isebenzisa ngesilinganiso uyakucabangela izinkomba ezintathu eziyinhloko - umzimba ubude, isisindo kanye nosayizi esifubeni sengane. Izivivinyo (Ukuhlola) le ndlela isetshenziswa ngesikhathi kuhlolwa isimiso ukuze kukhonjwe iqembu izingane kwezinso ezinzima zentuthuko.
- indlela Complex.
Comprehensive kokuhlaziywa indlela ngokomzimba
Zonke izindlela ezichazwe ngenhla acabangele kuphela idatha morphological yokulinganisa, kodwa okwesikhathi wesintu okhulayo yemvelo futhi ezidingekayo ezimali ye ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphilayo. indlela Inxanxathela kuhlanganisa:
- Ukuhlola ubudala yemvelo (ezingeni esiphakamisa ngalo engu-nokuvuthwa amasistimu kanye nezinhlaka ingane). Isimo sokunquma: isisindo somzimba kanye umzimba Ubude ngonyaka ngenani namazinyo ubudala, ukuthomba, ukuthuthukiswa amathambo kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.
- Thayipha umthethosisekelo Imizimba isilinganiso imilenze okwenyanga, esiswini, esifubeni, emuva, ukuthuthukiswa imisipha, amathambo, izicubu adipose.
- Qagela ibhalansi izici ratio ubude nesisindo umzimba.
Luhlolo loluphelele ngokomzimba, okuyinto eyenziwa kwezikhala orientation wezokwelapha kanye zokuvimbela, kanye ngesikhathi nokuhlolwa odokotela efakwe ivumela, kuye ngokuthi idatha setha ukwehlukana izingane ngemacembu lasihlanu ezahlukene zempilo:
- Mina iqembu. Kuhlanganisa izingane ngaphandle yizifo ezingamahlalakhona, kuba azithinteki futhi akuvamile iyagula, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngaphandle ukuphambuka.
- Iqembu II. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa esigabeni imizwa yezingane ezingenabo yizifo ezingamahlalakhona, kuba nokuhlupheka izikhathi akukho kuka ezine ngonyaka, kanye nezifo ezingelapheki, kungase kube ngeziphambeko abangelutho ezingeni ukusebenza izinhlelo eziyishumi nemitshingo.
- Iqembu III ichaza izingane abanezifo, pathologies (azalwa naso, hhayi ekuvimbela umzimba ngendlela evamile), ngokuvamile ogulayo (izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka ezine ngonyaka).
- Iqembu IV. Abantwana abakhubazekile zentuthuko (azalwa naso), izifo ezingelapheki, kuphazamisa impilo evamile futhi impilo jikelele.
- iqembu V. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa izingane abahlushwa izifo okukhulu okuqhubekayo ezibangela iziyaluyalu sobala nomzimba ukusebenza.
intsha
Ukulinganisa ngokomzimba kuthomba akahlukile izindlela yokulinganisa isetshenziswa zonke izingane. Kuzo zonke amatafula kanye esikalini kufaka phakathi idatha izingane kuze iminyaka engu-17.
Nakuba Yiqiniso, kumelwe singakhohlwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwanoma yiliphi amantombazane emva kweminyaka eziyisishiyagalolunye nabafana ngemva nanye iyokwehluka kakhulu kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ingane encane.
Entsheni, kukhona izinguquko eziphawulekayo wacondza umzimba kanye nezinhlaka nokuthuthukiswa izinhlelo:
- Girls engaphansi kuka-14 ubudala kukhona kakhulu kontanga yabo ngokuya isisindo imingcele, ukuphakama, usayizi esifubeni.
- Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona spurt eqinile ukukhula (amantombazane isikhathi sikhule kwabangaba ngu-25 amasentimitha, bese wengeza 25 kg; abafana - 35 cm 35 kg).
- Ngu 13-15 iminyaka ngokugcwele ligcwaliswe kumiswa izici ngokobulili yesibili.
- Uqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ye kwemizwa, yengqondo, senhliziyo, endocrine izinhlelo.
- Pulse nomfutho wegazi kancane kancane esondela ukusebenza omdala futhi 18 stop at izinombolo 120 kuya 65 115 emantombazaneni ne-60 abafana.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ijubane kuyashesha ngokomzimba (ukusheshisa) is kakhulu washintsha eminyakeni yamuva amazinga indices ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo.
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