Ukuphathwa theory

Ukuphathwa - kuyinto umsebenzi okhokhelwayo okuhloswe ngaso ifeze izinhloso zayo ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo okungabantu kanye nempahla ngesisekelo izimiso, izindlela nemisebenzi indlela komnotho wenarha yabo boke abaphathi theory.

Empeleni, leli gama kuyinto yinye igama elithi "ukuphathwa". Nokho, "ukuphathwa" ngumqondo iyincane futhi usebenza kuphela ukuphathwa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho yonkana ibhizinisi noma inhlangano. Lo mqondo kuhlanganisa:

• ukumaketha kanye ukubikezela emakethe izimo;
• akhiqize kwezimpahla ne izindleko okuncane kanye inzuzo esiphezulu kusukela ukudayiswa yabo;
• ukuhlaziya ulwazi kanye uhlelo ukufeza inhloso;
• kuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito yeluntfu, okuhlanganisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo kwengqondo kwabantu.

Lelo khono eyinhloko umphathi ozalwa yikhono ngempumelelo nezinselele. Ngo inkampani encane umphathi imisebenzi ejwayele ukwenziwa ngamanesi umqondisi yena. Kodwa uma sikwenza kungaxegi ifinyelela medium usayizi esikhulu, efika ukusiza umphathi (umphathi, umhleli, umphathi). Futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi sibonga amakhono abo professional Imenenja ukuzixazulula izinkinga eziningi ungcono ngisho nangaphezu kwanoma umqondisi.

Ukuphathwa ithiyori - isayensi yezindlela nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano ukuphathwa anjalo. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono lesi siyalo yesayensi kuyasiza ukucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalo ngokomlando. Evolution of ukuphathwa theory waqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule. Asikwazi ukuhlukanisa 5 izikole eziyisisekelo ukuphathwa kwakhiwa wacabanga:

• Isikole ligxile yesayensi nezindlela zokuphatha (nge 1885. Of 1920).

• Isikole Classical (1920 - 1950 GG.).

• Isikole, wafunda umphumela ebuhlotsheni babantu (nge-1930 Of 1950).

• yokuziphatha School, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-isikole yokuziphatha Sciences (kusukela 1950. Kuze kube namuhla).

• School of Mathematical nisondele ambalwa (nge-1950 Manje).

Emongweni yesayensi ukuphathwa kwesikole sisekelwe eenkambisweni nemibono Frederika Teylora. Lo mbono ka ukuphathwa uyazinaka omkhulu wezifundo kohlobo ngalunye lomsebenzi, lunye zomsebenzi kanye nokwethulwa umehluko yokukhokhelana. Taylor wacabanga ukuthi ngokusebenzisa observation, nesilinganiso, logic, kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ngcono ukusebenza kwe umsebenzi wezandla. Okunye abameleli owaziwa ngalo mkhuba kukhona uHenry Gantt, unkosikazi Lillian noFrank Gilbreth.

Umsunguli esikoleni classical baba Henri Fayol. nabameleli bayo okokuqala bahlukaniswa ukuphathwa zokukhiqiza, ukugqamisa ke njengoba umsebenzi ehlukile. Lo mbono ukuphathwa igxile ngcono nokuthuthukiswa izimiso ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi yenqubo jikelele. A. Fayolle bahlakulele izimiso 14 jikelele ukuphathwa, futhi Weber washayelwa izisekelo bureaucratic indlela kubaphathi.

Imfundiso "ebuhlotsheni babantu" liye laba yitshe legumbi the next Ukuphathwa School - isikole ukuthi inhlangano okukhulunywa njengendlela ethile "esimisweni sezenhlalo. ' Abasunguli lalesi sikole (Elton Mayo, Abrahama Maslow, uFritz Roethlisberger) waphawula ukuthi umshikashika umkhiqizo kuthonywa izidingo zomuntu. Ngokusho kwabo, umphathi kufanele silwele ngobuholi kanye nezenzo uwine "umusa abantu."

Ngokungafani abasekela esikoleni ebuhlotsheni babantu, okuye igxile nezidingo zomuntu ngomuntu, abamele esikoleni behaviourist (F. Herzberg, C. Argyris, D. McGregor, R. Laynkert) cabanga futhi ukutadisha ukuziphatha abantu eqenjini, kokubili esisemthethweni futhi ngokwethukela. Kulezi izikole amabili eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma nogqozi ekuphathweni.

Abaphathi esikoleni zezibalo kuyinqubo ethize okunengqondo ukuthi lingachazwa in the angafundwa imodeli zezibalo. Ngakho-ke, Igxila izindlela kwezomnotho kanye zezibalo, ukusetshenziswa izibalo nokuphathwa computer ye inhlangano. Phakathi abasunguli lalesi sikole aziwayo kakhulu Smoi G., D. Woodward, J. Mashi, uMnu Ackoff, uH Lowry, D. Thompson.

Ubudlelwano izikole ngenhla kuholela ukudalwa ukuphathwa kahle kakhulu. Ngalinye ukulawula isiqondiso intambo efana sesigcilikisha, okuyinto okwakuthandelene nomunye, ukudala amandla aphakeme. ukuphathwa Modern mbono uye wakwamukela futhi uyaqhubeka ujulisa futhi ukuthuthukisa impumelelo engcono imibono ngayinye esikoleni.