Ukusebenza igesi ngaphansi isobaric, isothermal nezinqubo adiabatic

Emongweni cishe kunoma iyiphi injini ukushisa iyisici thermodynamic njengoba umsebenzi owenziwa igesi ngesikhathi ukunwetshwa noma ukusikwa. Kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi i-physics emsebenzini libhekisela isilinganiso ambalwa, esibonisa isenzo amabutho athile emzimbeni. Ngokuhambisana igesi umsebenzi, imfuneko ngoba ukugcwaliseka okuyinto ukushintsha ivolumu yalo, akukho kodwa umkhiqizo yokucindezela lolu shintsho ivolumu.

umsebenzi igesi ushintsho umthamo yayo kungaba kokubili uhlamvu isobaric futhi isothermal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, langempela inqubo ukunwetshwa kungenzeka, futhi ngaphandle kokubonisana nomkayo. umsebenzi negesi okwenziwa ngaphansi ukunwetshwa isobaric, kungatholakala by ifomula elandelayo:

A = pΔV,

lapho p - isici ambalwa of ingcindezi gas, futhi ΔV - umahluko phakathi ivolumu kokuqala nokokugcina.

Inqubo iyiphi ukunwetshwa igesi physics ngokuvamile umelwe ukulandelana ngabanye inqubo isobaric futhi isochoric. Laba ungachazwa ukuthi igesi ukusebenza njengoba indices yayo ambalwa zero ngoba akukho ukuhamba piston e uMbhalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, kuvela ukuthi le gesi umsebenzi ngesikhathi inqubo ngokungenasizathu kuzohluka ngokulingana ngqo ivolumu okwandisa umkhumbi, lapho ukuhamba piston.

Uma siqhathanisa umsebenzi owenziwa igesi ngesikhathi ukuwathuthukisa kokucindezelwa, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi isiqondiso ukunwetshwa ukufuduka Vector we piston kuvumelana vector of ingcindezi amandla lokhu igesi ngokwayo, kodwa kule scalar umsebenzi ukubala igesi uhilela izenzo, amabutho yangaphandle - ezingezinhle. Lapho onomfutho igesi ngaphansi kokuqondisa jikelele ukunyakaza uMbhalo has okufanayo zangaphandle amandla vector, ngakho umsebenzi wabo emihle nemibi igesi ukusebenza.

Ukucutshungulwa welithi "Umsebenzi owenziwa igesi" luyobe lungaphelele uma akazange kuthinte nezinqubo adiabatic. Ngaphansi into enjalo e wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto yikambiso lapho kungekho exchange ukushisa nanoma yimuphi emizimbeni zangaphandle. Kungenzeka, isibonelo, esimweni lapho isitsha nge piston ukusebenza unikezwa ukwahlukanisa okuhle ezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igesi kokucindezelwa noma izinqubo ukunwetshwa kungenziwa akhiwa adiabatic Uma izinguquko isikhathi ivolumu igesi incane kakhulu ukwedlula isikhawu phakathi nalapho yakhoibrium ezishisayo kwenzeka phakathi igesi, nezidumbu ezizungezile.

I ngokuvamile nazo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke adiabatic inqubo kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha umsebenzi we piston kule yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Ingqikithi yale nqubo okulandelayo: njengoba siyazi kusuka umthetho wokuqala wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto, ushintsho amandla sangaphakathi gas quantitatively elilingana ezisebenzi, iqondiswe kusukela ngaphandle. Lo msebenzi esiqondisweni salo omuhle, futhi ngenxa yalokho amandla sangaphakathi igesi iyokwanda futhi izinga lokushisa rise yena. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo kokuqala, kuyacaca ukuthi ngaphansi adiabatic umsebenzi igesi ukunwetshwa kuzokwenzeka ngenxa ukuncishiswa bamandla alo angaphakathi, ngokulandelana, izinga lokushisa kule nqubo uzokwehla.