Imibono Eminingi molybdenum isetshenziswa lapho, izakhiwo, indima begazi emzimbeni womuntu

Chemistry kuyisisekelo ezimpilweni zethu. Zonke izinto zasekhaya akhiwe lwezakhi izakhi ukuxhumana. Njalo ngeminithi e abantu ababhekene kugucuka eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ezihilela amakhemikhali. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda mayelana metal ezifana molybdenum lapho kudingeka khona, impahla yayo futhi indima emzimbeni womuntu.

Thina lokumba umlando

Minerals kokuba ukubunjwa yayo molybdenum, babaziwa eGrisi lasendulo. Labo compounds yemvelo akheke efana Graphite. Ngakho ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kanye naye ukwakha phambili. Molybdenite MoS₂ kwadingeka tint grey-oluhlaza uma sokubhala phansi ephepheni. Isici ayebuthaka molybdaena igama lakhe - ". Okomthofu"

Carl Wilhelm Scheele kucwaningwe ngawo kwemiqondo trioxide MoO₃, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka esithandweni ezifanele ayikwazi ukuthola i-metal ngefomu okumsulwa. Yonsu Jakob Berzelius kuphumelele ngonyaka 1817 ukuthola molybdenum oxide yokutakula hhayi amalahle ne-hydrogen. elementi Zokwenziwa iye uzifunde ngokucophelela futhi kuchazwe imisebenzi nososayensi.

izakhiwo

Kuyini molybdenum? Lokhu kukhanya grey metal okuyinto njengoba injalo emsulwa olumelana namachibi (ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile). Nge lokushisa ukukhushulwa 400-600 degrees, leli khono kuyehla futhi kwakhiwa trioxide MoO₃.

Molybdenum kovok ductile futhi wayeshesha asitholayo ekwakheni. Metal Wugqinsi 10.2 g / ^cm3, ukuma 2620 ⁰S abilayo - 4800 ⁰S. Kusukela lezi zibalo kuyacaca ukuthi ngempela tugoplavok. Ukuba khona kwe-carbon, i-nitrogen, noma nesibabule ukungcola kuthinte Izakhiwo, ngokukhethekile, indaba iba usengozini futhi ziyaqothuka. Molybdenum kuyinto paramagnetic. Njengoba kwanda amandla ayo lokushisa luyanda kakhulu.

Yemvelo molybdenum kwakwakhe, ukuthola

Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi molybdenum ayitholakali ifomu okumsulwa, kuba khona ngokwemvelo kuphela compounds nezinye izakhi. okuqukethwe okuyisibonelo zensimbi uqweqwe 3 ∙ 10 ^-4%. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-15 amaminerali, okuyiqembu ezivamile:

• disulfide Mos ₂ - molybdenite;
• CaMoO ₄ - powellite;
• PbMoO ₄ - wulfenite.

Amasimu Main lezi zakhi zihlobene nge izinqubo sebethule e imithombo ezingaphansi kolwandle.

Ngo ezezimbono akhishwa molybdenum disulfide isici. isicelo sayo ibaluleke kakhulu ukuthola metal okumsulwa. Lokhu kwenzeka esebenzisa kwandzisa imikhando ngu flotation. etholwe Ngakho CONCENTRATE, okuyinto kamuva ngaphansi calcination.

2MoS ₂ + 7O ₂ = 2MoO ₃ + 4ukuze ₂

Kuvele oxide elingalodwa futhi ahlanzwa kuyehla nge ezomile hydrogen ukusakaza at lokushisa 700. Umkhiqizo yokusabela powder of molybdenum. Ngokuzayo lingasetshenziswa ngefomu okumsulwa noma njengendlela material akha izihloko ugingqe futhi olubunjiwe.

Ukukhiqizwa ingxubevange steel

Idoyelo yokusansimbi isebenzisa molybdenum powder izidakamizwa. kusetshenziswa kuphi? Ukuze alloying lezinsimbi bese waphonsa izinyawo ngeketanga. Ukwengezwa lesi sici ku Alloys kakhulu kuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila kwabo. kuyaqina yanda, nemihuzuko ukumelana, umthelela ukumelana. I steel kwesakhiwo yengezwe mayelana 0.5% molybdenum, okusanhlamvu okuhle kuba iyunifomu kakhudlwana futhi yilo isakhiwo sabo, encishisiwe brittleness imikhiqizo yokugcina.

Ukwengeza ezinye izinto ivumela ukuthola izingoma ekhethekile kabanzi zimboni. Alloys, okuhlanganisa ayibe futhi nickel (50-60%) kanye chromium (cishe 20-28%) is doped ngokungeza molybdenum. Lapho izinto ezinjalo isetshenziswa? Impendulo itholakala impahla yayo ekhethekile - ukushisa eliphezulu ukumelana. It is esetshenziswa ekwakheni aircraft izingxenye kanye missile bezinhlamvu.

Ukusetshenziswa Alloys nge molybdenum

Ngokufaka molybdenum ukuba niobium, titanium nezinye izinsimbi kwandisa ultra ukushisa ukumelana ingxubevange. Lokhu Ukwakheka ingasetshenziswa ukwakha izingxenye igesi abaphehla ugesi kanye amandla omlilo emakamelweni e rocket.

Esikhathini Alloys nge semali molybdenum (17-28%) anda ukugqwala ukumelana. Zenza ngisho nokuxhumana ngesaba nanoma yimuphi acid (ngaphandle hf).

I izakhiwo refractory ka molybdenum kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo ekudaleni amapayipi ezikhethekile ezibaluleke kakhulu kule ngamandla enuzi umkhakha. imikhiqizo enjalo labo abazokwazi withstanding lithium esibunjiweyo. It wenza indima le kokupholisayo e-uranium sikhungo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-molybdenum endaweni Mo-99 IKhompyuthaYami wathola isicelo inkomba embonini zenuzi.

Ngenxa infusibility molybdenum therefrom ukudala isikhunta ukuze asakazwe izingxenye ezazenziwe ngethusi, aluminium ne-zinc. Ophezulu wamandla metal kwenza izinqubo ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Qasha futhi isibhakela isicelo

Kusukela izikhala etholwe encibilika powder, ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo iphuma - izinduku kanye wire. Zakhiwa a molybdenum metal okumsulwa unelungelo. esetshenziswa kuphi ezifana imikhiqizo? Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ekwakheni ama-thermocouples ezisetshenziswa sokulinganisa eshisa ngaphezu kuka 2000 ⁰C. Izingwegwe kanye cores ngoba emazombezombe tungsten intambo i Isibani incandescent nayo eyenziwe molybdenum wire. Ukufakwa kwe-cathodes kanye electrode ngokugxila kule amashubhu-X-ray kanye amashubhu odala kumele kube okunokwethenjelwa futhi bahlangabezane nezimfuneko ephezulu metal refractory. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, kuhambisana kahle molybdenum sokuqasha.

Ngenduku netindishi asetshenziswa esikhundleni electrode emlilweni ephezulu ukuncibilika. Kufanele ufakwe naphakathi ekhethekile ehlanganisa argon, i-hydrogen, noma cleaner. Ngenxa yokuthi molybdenum Asingeni sengilazi zamakhemikhali, lapho isetshenziswa ngoba yokukhiqiza izingxenye melter.

Izicelo kwezinye izimboni

Molybdenum ithole isicelo embonini kawoyela. Kube isetshenziswa kulethe akwazi ukuhlanza imikhiqizo ephuma sulphur amanyela. uthambise Aluminium ezisekelwe ekhiqizwa disulfide. Bona ekulinganiseni ukusebenza amadivayisi ahlukahlukene futhi nokuvikela ebusweni ekulimaleni mechanical ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu. It has a mnandi ezifana nezimpahla anticorrosive.

Ngo womshini opende, lapho isicelo kanye molybdenum oxides, etholwe zombala eziphikelelayo shades ophuzi. Synthesis imicu yokufakelwa sidlula ngaphandle ketshezi. Ukuze andise okuqukethwe nitrogen enhlabathini esetshenziswa microfertilizer, okuhlanganisa molybdenum.

Indima molybdenum emzimbeni

Molybdenum kunikezwa indima ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. It ehilelekile synthesis elithwala umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen ne purine umzimba. Unesibopho ukumuncwa zensimbi Vitamin C, antioxidant enamandla. Microelement has onkoprotektornyh, umphumela ekuvuseleleni.

Ukudla okune-molybdenum - kuyinto imidumba nokusanhlamvu, imifino eluhlaza. Lemali edingekayo trace element ingena emzimbeni nsukuzonke, uma ngidla ngendlela efanele. ukuntula kwayo singavalwa usebenzisa izakhiwo yezimbiwa.