Ukusebenza titanium mhlophe

Omunye walabo ababili izinhlobo mhlophe, khona-ngokuvamile kakhulu esetshenziswa Umdwebo yesimanje - titanium emhlophe. Ziyakwazi baphakame ezinye izinhlobo zawo ezidumile izimfanelo - phambili ne-zinc.

Ingemuva: Ukuhola

Upende ezimhlophe esetshenziswa abaculi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka BC ekhulu lokuqala, isazi-mlando esingumRoma uPliny wachaza indlela okwenzeka ngayo yokudala ngomcako lomthofu chips uviniga. Ngemva kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe yayo ukwenziwa phambili esimhlophe lakhiwe kuwo wonke amazwe eziyinhloko zaseYurophu. Basuke kabanzi imidwebo, iconography, izidingo lobuchwepheshe. Nokho, ukuhola - impahla enobuthi kakhulu. Umonakalo obangelwa phambili esimhlophe kubaculi professional nabakhi, kanye abampofu, wahlanganyela zokukhiqiza yabo, akunakwenzeka kubalwe.

zinc

Kwakukhona udayi okunye - omhlophe izinyo lendlovu, senziwa amathambo amawundlu, wokulinganisa ezimhlophe, amagobolondo amaqanda ngisho amapharele. Kodwa bonke babengamadoda ezingavamile kakhulu, kunzima ukwenza ngakhoke ezibizayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaculi waqhubeka ebasebenzisa phambili anobuthi. izinhlobo Okuningi ezivamile - kaolin, antimony, isibabule, phambili futhi ithini - akukakabi kuze kube amavolumu ukukhiqizwa phambili esimhlophe.

Lokhu kwaqhubeka ngaze 1780, lapho umthaki wemithi emibili French Bernard Courtois futhi Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, waqala ukufuna upende akuyona ingozi. Ukukhetha kwabo yawa phezu kwezinsizwa oxide zinc, esekelwe lapho etholwe ezimhlophe kancane anobuthi. Inkinga yayiwukuthi e intengo zabo. Zinc oxide Zazibiza kane eqolo ngaphezu kwanoma phambili, abadwebi abaningi ngakho baqhubeka bethembekile okokusebenza ubudala.

Titan

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII eyiNgisi uWilliam Gregor kanye German Klaproth bethole metal ezazingaziwa, kamuva indawo abaholayo ekukhiqizweni emhlophe. Kodwa ngaphambi ekuqaleni XX leminyaka titanium ukuthi abhekwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zehlukile metal. Kuphela ngo-1908, osokhemisi European usuthole ukusetshenziswa ke - titanium dioxide lalisetshenziswa ukukhiqizwa uhlobo olusha emhlophe. Kusukela ngo-1920, e-Europe Sekuqaliswe ekukhiqizweni-titanium dioxide pigments esikhundleni cishe ngokuphelele emakethe phambili. Ngaphambi Russia ithole emisha kuphela namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu elidlule. Ngenxa leli qiniso, abacwaningi uphathe ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi eyiqiniso ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili ngokukhwabanisa: abakopishi abanganaki ungacabangi ukuthi Russian avant-garde wabhala ikakhulu usebenzisa phambili esimhlophe, titanium kamuva becindezela.

Ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene mhlophe

• Ubuthi. phambili White ezahlukene kakhulu ezinobuthi futhi okwamanje isetshenziswa art imibala. International Association of Labor Ukuvikelwa ivimbela yokudweba izindonga amakota umthofu ezimhlophe ophilayo. Abesilisa-abadwebi ukuba iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala nabesifazane zanoma iyiphi iminyaka banqatshelwe ukusebenza phambili. Kancane anobuthi zinc ezimhlophe, alukho usongo ekuphileni, futhi titanium singatlolwa bunjesi ngaphandle umonakalo empilweni.
• Izinga lokukhanya (ukufihla amandla). Zinc oxide babe opacity aphansi, ukuze bajwayele ngempumelelo e classical Umdwebo nopende ocwebezelayo. Titanium ocwebezelayo mhlophe ukwenza zingenzeki ngoba Ukusabalala yabo iphezulu kakhulu (2.7). Kodwa kunjalo ekahle for Umdwebo ayazika a la prima - lokhu sombala kahle ngenhla eminye imibala.
• Hue. Zinc oxide abe kancane ukufudumala ithoni titanium - abandayo.
• Ukumelana. Zinc oxide, ikakhulukazi inki okusezingeni eliphezulu ungqimba ukushuba, ekugcineni embozwe ukuqhekeka. Njengoba-titanium dioxide pigments ukuthi akwenzeki - omunye yohlobo lwazo namandla kangangokuba lungakwazi isetshenziselwa yokudweba mkhathi. phambili White futhi enamandla kakhulu - ukuthi Abasikweleta balondolozwe imisebenzi ezindala.

Nezinye izici zombala titanium dioxide

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi, ezibhaliwe titanium dioxide pigments, zingase zikwazi tint bluish. Esikhathini Umdwebo uwoyela esimhlophe kufanele siyisebenzise ngokuqapha. Basuke hhayi Kunconywa ukuba okuxutshwa eminye imibala: azure, ayibe, cadmium. Lapho okuxubile razbelivaniya umphumela kungenzeka nabo, futhi yakha engazinzile kwakwakhe ezimibalabala. Titanium ithuba ezimhlophe ophuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Titanium dioxide lapho exutshwe zombala organic ingavuthi ezishintshe umbala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba amboze umsebenzi nokusetshenziswa titanium uwoyela ezimhlophe copal ukuvenisha - elihlwelwayo ngenakugwemeka.

Ngenxa zonke lezi amaphutha Maphakathi nekhulu le-Athazeksesi, abaculi ziye zenqaba ukusebenzisa titanium dioxide pigments. ukukhiqizwa yabo limiswe. Kodwa abanye Titanium White - acrylic, gouache noma tempera ekhiqizwa ngezinga elifanayo. Bona ngempumelelo saqhubeka sisetshenziswa by abadwebi abaningi. Titanium White Amafutha eside kakhulu kwaba in limbo - amandla abo isigubungelo okusezingeni eliphezulu, okungezona ezinobuthi futhi ayibizi kakhulu wabuya kubo emashalofini, futhi namuhla noma ubani angaba, empeleni ukunquma ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwabo kwamukeleke kuye.