Ukuyiswa edolobheni kuqede Reconquista? Ukuphela Reconquista. Reconquista, kafushane

Kukhona izimpi eziye baba-legends. Hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuba inani elikhulu izimpi nobuqhawe, uhamba olukhohlisayo sovereigns noma ukusetshenziswa kohlobo olusha izikhali, kodwa futhi ngenxa nendima eyadlalwa umphumela impi. Waba nganekwane Reconquista. Kuyinto lonke uchungechunge izimpi kwakufanele nomthelela emlandweni wanamuhla. It kungenziwa ngokuthi impi wenkululeko, ukunquma isiphetho amaKristu yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. izimpi Bloody baye esabulala abantu abaningi. Kwaqedwa Reconquista ukuza eminyaka kuphela ngemva eziyisishiyagalombili ngemva kwayo. Kuleli khulu leminyaka nzima bonke abantu benqoba. Kodwa wenkululeko ekucindezelweni kwaba nobuqhawe. Futhi-ke, ngeke sikwazi ukuba nimangale, ukuthatha emzini Reconquista igcwaliswe.

I izimbangela zempi

Ngo-711, phezu kwezwe lapho manje kuba Spain enhle, izizwe Visigoth wahlala. Kwakungafanele babeyizidlova futhi namaqaba. Ngenxa eRoma yamaVisigoth ebuKristwini. Nokho, engafani ukholo lwezindaba Roma. YamaVisigoth ukuthi ukubhujiswa kwamaJuda ungubani wobuntu kaJesu. Izikhathi azikwazi ngokuthi elinokuthula. Arabhu wayesenze amaphutha ngilinqobile lonke enyakatho ntshonalanga Afrika futhi, uma sicabangela ukuthi kuhambisana impumelelo lempi, akazange ufuna ukuyeka. Phambili babe emazweni yamaVisigoth.

Kukhona izindaba eziningana mayelana nendlela ama-Arabhu bakwazi ukuba ngahlule izizwe. Okokuqala - lokhu indaba ngothando revenge. Uma ukholwa ukuthi ke, yayibizwa ophilayo ubuhle La Cava, okuyinto labasibekela ubuso bakhe ilanga. Yiqiniso, ngangilokhu kodwa ukuthandana naye futhi Korol Rodrigo. Kodwa ubuhle uyaziqhenya wenqaba ningahlanganyeli naye Isiphelo sakhe. Rodrigo wathatha intombazane ngempoqo. Umkhaya La Cava ayikwazanga ushiye lezi zenzo zobugebengu isijeziso. Ebusuku ubuhle uyise dabukisa ake Arabhu edolobheni, ngakho ubajezisa Rodrigo.

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, uRodrigo akuzange kudingeke ukuba abe inkosi. Umbusi wangaphambili okuthiwa indlalifa indodana yakhe, kodwa akazange ujabulele imindeni zasebukhosini. Okuningi ezikuthandayo Rodrigo. Khona-ke bamsiza ukuba babe inhloko yezwe. Kodwa abasekeli umqhele kwenkosi kwakukhona u-engafuni nhlobo ukwamukela. Omunye wabo wenza umfelandawonye Arabhu, ngakho bangena emzini, kwashona Rodrigo nabasekeli bakhe. Njengoba umvuzo base wathembisa yengcebo dolobha. Kodwa ama-Arabhu, ukubulala inkosi, akazange ayeke. Kwakumelwe umcebo kancane. Babefuna uthole wonke umbuso.

Kuwo lo nyaka, ama-Arabhu bakwazi ukuba ngahlule yonke insimu, okuyinto eminyaka kamuva bazomenyezelwa-Spain. isimo Christian incotjwa amaSulumane. YamaVisigoth kwakungenziwanga ophoqelelwe ukuguqula Islam. nabanye abaholi Arab ibekezelelwe inkolo alien. Nokho, izintela kanye okuqhubekayo isinyathelo sezempi namanje kwenza inkathi Reconquista esinzima abantu benqoba.

Asturias abangalawuleki

YamaVisigoth kwakungafanele ukulungele ukunikeza wenqaba esifanelekayo Arabhu. Abazange babe big, ibutho eqinile futhi inombolo ezanele kwezikhali. Ngenxa yokuthi abaningi edolobheni owayezinikele abahlaseli ngaphandle kokulwa. Njengobe abengakwati konkhe loko nobunzima, ama-Arabhu waya enyakatho. Kodwa indlela yabo kwaba Asturias - idolobha ukuthi wayengafuni ukuba siyeke phansi. Iningi Izicukuthwane Spanish wahlala khona, lapho ayehlala khona. Arabhu wabaxolela. Kodwa izinsalela ibutho wahlulwa kanye nabantu, ongathandanga zizithobe, wabalekela Asturias. Lo muzi alethwe ekupheleni Reconquista.

Ukuze uwine, le aristocrats we Asturias kumele bahlangane ne abampofu, abantu abangafundile ka Vasconi. Le mizi emibili yayenziwe imihlaba nezingahlobene. Kodwa bahlanganiswa omunye umgomo. Ngesikhathi ngema endaweni inhloko Asturias Don Pelayo. Ama-Arabhu bengaqondi ukuthi iqembu elincane labantu bangase banqikaze ukuthintana uzisebenzise komunye ukunqotshwa ngezindawo. Ngenxa Don Pelayo, owaba yiqhawe lwezwe lonke okwenziwa eSpain, Asturias futhi Vasconi izakhamizi waqaphela ukuthi ama-Arabhu inganqoba. We banga asemrarweni enqoba amaKristu lakhipha umzabalazo yabashokobezi ngaphambili langemuva, kanye zithi kusukela enyakatho, amaViking uzibophezele.

Ukuqala Reconquista

Independence of Asturias bakwatiswe abanqobi. Ngoba 722 waya uhambo ingajezisa, okuyinto yayihloselwe akuqede ukumelana niwunqobe edolobheni. Ngesikhathi ngema endaweni inhloko Alcamo. Bekanye Bishop OPP yena, azama ukukholisa amaKristu sokunikela. zonke Ngoba kungenjalo bebengayikuba wafa. Alcamo kodwa wahluleka ukuphula umoya wabo. Kubonakala sengathi akukho amathuba Asturias. Kodwana ibutho amaKristu waylaid Alcamo namabutho akhe kule udonga futhi wazihlephula. Alcamo eyabulawa ngalolo suku.

Invaders namanje aqhubeka nemizamo ukuba anqotshwe lo muzi odlubulundayo. Ngawo lowo nyaka njengoba isijeziso ngoba ukufa Amalkamy Asturias wathuthela kwenye iqembu, inhloko elalimi Munusa. Kodwa lokhu squad wahlulwa. Munusa wabulawa. Futhi yokwehluleka kwakhe kwaphawula ukuqala Reconquista.

Ukulwa eFrance

Arabhu anqume ukuqhubeka imikhankaso yabo ukunqoba ukuhambisa ujule-Europe. Endleleni kwaba France. Mayelana nendlela heroically alwa kuleli zwe, kukhona ezinganekwaneni eziningi. Mhlawumbe umsebenzi edume kakhulu tetemibhalo, behlele kithi, kwaba oludumile Ronsevale.

Nakuba imithetho zamaJalimane Karl Veliky. Siza kuqhamuka umbusi Zaragoza. Ukuze uthole usizo kule impi, wathembisa inkosi wenkazimulo nokuba nengcebo enkulu. Carl yathenjiswa ezilingayo. Kwakuthiwa ibutho Inkosi ayizange kufanele silwe. Bona ukuvula izicabha zomuzi miss. Kodwa amasango ayivulwanga. Musa ulivule bese ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile. Karl waqaphela ukuthi yena nebutho lakhe babevaleleke. Wathatha ekuthunjweni zombusi, namadodana akhe elithunyelwa emuva France kanye nomshana wakhe. Karl waba nomuzwa wokuthi abakwazanga ukubuyela uyaphila ekhaya. Kodwa wayeshaye phansi.

Yeka ukumangala okutholwa kwaba uKarl, emhlangabeza lapho ebuya ekhaya, wathola ukuthi umshana wakhe uRoland, kanye iziboshwa sasingakafiki. Carl wangena yokusesha. Wafumanana nabo Ronselvanskom umhosha. Amehlo akhe wavula emehlweni esabekayo: ibutho cishe kuklebhukile, kwakungekho umuntu ophilayo. Isosha ngalinye ugetshengwe, abazi ngisho izingubo kwesokunxele. Phakathi yinqwaba Ucingo efile Karl wathola umshana wakhe, kodwa iziboshwa kancane babengekho. Kusengenzeka imfihlakalo owabulala Roland namadoda ayekanye nayo. Kukholakala ukuthi bengamakholwa. Kodwa kulokhu kuthathwa ngokuthi amaKristu ziye zaya empini ngokumelene namaKristu.

Izimpi zombango phakathi Reconquista

AmaKristu kancane yokuthola amandla. Amasosha kwaphoqa phambili kuwo wonke amazwe amasha, owayakhe imizi emisha ngisho uthi. Abaningi babo baye bachuma. Lawa kwakungamadodana Aragon, Castile, Navarre, Catalonia Leon. Ngezinye izikhathi ababusi lezi uthi yayisempini nomunye, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingenza imifelandawonye shado dynastic. Ngokwesibonelo, Korol Fernando ngakwazi hlanganani Castile ne Leon, isimo ezimbili ochumayo. Kubonakala sengathi kamuva kungenziwa bufakwe, nabanye baqala ukuqoqa umhlaba. Kodwa kungazelelwe, Fernando enquma ukuthi ngemva kokufa kwakhe lombuso liyakushunyayelwa phakathi kwamadodana namadodakazi kufanele uthole idolobha elihle, ezazidume ngokutshala umcebo walo. Benze njalo.

Isifiso sokuba izinto amandla ethu okucabanga bancishwa intsha. Bafowethu kanye nodade iboshelwe internecine impi. Futhi ngamunye kubo babefuna, ukubulala abaningi bakhona bomdabu, ukuma inhloko semali umhlaba. Nganqoba indodana ka-Alfonso yesibili. Ngemva kwempi, nabazalwane nodade wakhe, waya amaSulumane bathatha emzini Toledo, uhlehlise imingcele yezwe yobuKristu. Indlalifa Alfonso, u-Alfonso VII ka, uyakuthiwa King of Spain. Nakuba anisoze lonke Spain yakhululwa, amaKristu aye aba nomuzwa wokuthi kwaqedwa esondela Reconquista. Izimpi zombango zazivamile ngaleso sikhathi. Abazalwane nodade abaningi baqala impi nomunye. Lezi izingxabano abangu kuphela ukuzuza amaSulumane. Izitha zabo ukubhubhisa ngokwabo.

isibusiso Pope

Ekhulwini XI, yokuphila kwamaKristu ngaphansi kwejoka Arabhu luyindida kakhulu. I Almoravids athatha izintambo. Babengabantu ononya akazange athathe inkolo yomunye. Bona nokubulawa ikakhulukazi anonya abantu futhi ubeka izinto ngononina emazweni awo. Sekuyisikhathi Islam lezidlamlilo.

Wayengeke indiva kokufa inqwaba yamaKristu, uPapa. Ngo 1212, wamemezela ukuthi iqala impi. Lawo maKristu iqhaza ke ikhulule emazweni lwendabuko kusukela amaSulumane ukuya ezulwini, baze bathethelelwe zonke izono. Ikholi kwaba umphumela. Ngo-July 16, impi lapho ibutho Christian omkhulu wanqoba ibutho Almoravides. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ibutho Muslim ayikaze eqinile ngakho. Kancane kancane waqala yokukhululwa amazwe iSpanishi kubahlaseli.

ukuphakama Reconquista

Ekhulwini XIII futhi XIV - a usadlondlobele wangempela empini. Ekugcineni, labo bantu ababehlala ezifundeni ezinabantu futhi bekhululiwe uqobo sisonke onobunye. Bazibona ukuthi abaseSpain, ngubani okumele khulula ekucindezelweni amaSulumane ukuba bahlanganyele isimo esisodwa, siqale ukwakha impilo entsha ngaphansi kokubusa inkosi yaseSpain. A indima enkulu yokukhululwa ezweni kudlalwa Knights Crusaders. Nge ntshashintshe okuphumelela Reconquista wathuthuka. Sitshele kafushane ngakho ngeke kwenzeke, singaphetha uqaphele ukuthi sekugcineni izimpi nokulahlekelwa sakugcina kuhlulekile. Ezinye edolobheni izikhathi eziningana sekudlule ezandleni amaKristu Muslim, noHezekeli.

Izabella Kastilskaya noFerdinand wase-Aragon

Ngo 1469, umshado Ferdinand wase-Aragon futhi Isabella Castile. Akekho ngempela owakwazi lokucabanga ke ukuthi lokhu pair uzokwazi ukushintsha hhayi kuphela ezimpilweni wonke of Spain, kodwa emhlabeni wonke. Esondela ngonyaka beqeda Reconquista. Ngenxa yethalente ngobuqili nakwezempi, UFerdinand wakwazi ukuhlanganisa inani elikhulu emazweni. Kodwa yena nomkakhe kwadingeka isifiso sokuvelela kungemalengiso futsi eziningi nesifiso esinamandla sokuvelela. Ngakho-ke lokhu umbuso wawungowami kubo kancane. Isabella Ferdinand babengamaKatolika kweqiniso. Kubo, ukholo lwabo unguNkulunkulu weqiniso kuphela esebenzayo e-Spain.

Ukuphela "ezintathu izinkolo" yenqubomgomo

Ngaphambi kokuza amandla imibhangqwana eSpain uzamile ukuthola ku izinkolo ezintathu: ubuKristu, ubuSulumane futhi wokholo lwamaJuda. Nokho, uPapa akakuthandanga lokho ezindaweni abakhululiwe ehlala abantu abenqaba ukuba amukele ubuKristu. ababusi baseSpain kwakungadingi ukuba bamukele ubuKatolika, ngoba babesaba ukuthi nabezizwe uzoqala kuvukela.

Lokho konke kwashintsha lapho liqala ukubusa, uFerdinand neNdlovukazi u-Isabella. Bona, ukuba amaKatolika ngokusekelwa eRoma, waqala ukusakaza ubuKristu. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela wenkululeko eminye kwamazwe kubahlaseli Muslim. Ngo-1487 waqala ukuvinjezelwa Malaga, elinye lamadolobha esemqoka amaSulumane e-Spain. Ferdinand nomkakhe bakwazi ukunqoba nempumelelo. Phambili kwaba kuphela Grenada. It kuyeza ngonyaka, lapho kuphelile Reconquista.

Ukuthatha Grenada

Ngoba bonke abantu abafunda lolu chungechunge izibhelu, ebaluleke kakhulu kuba umbuzo ukuthi ukuyiswa edolobheni kuqede Reconquista. Kwaba Grenada. UFerdinand no-Isabella ukulungiselela ngokucophelela ukuze impi ewumnqamula-juqu. Ukuze wenze kube yimpumelelo, saba imali eningi. Ngakho banquma ukukhulisa intela, kanye uPapa wabavumela ukusebenzisa izinjongo zabo imali etholakele esontweni abathembekile. Ngenxa yalokhu asebukhosini wakwazi ukubiza ibutho ukuba ilwe Knights ezazilwa amaSulumane for imali.

Inkosi nendlovukazi baye benza konke ukuze aqinise ukwethenjelwa kwalo phakathi kwabantu. Bexhumana amasosha futhi wazama ukuthatha ingxenye esebenzayo. Spanish amakhosi ibutho ngosizo abashokobezi, waqala ukulwa ngaphambili langemuva, wakwazi ukunqoba. Manje, wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthunjwa edolobheni kuqede Reconquista. Lo muzi wahlaselwa e 1491. It kungenziwa ngokuthi ngonyaka lokuzalwa e-Spain. Ngamunye yaseSpain yesimanje uphendula kalula, unyaka yaqedwa Reconquista. Khona-ke izwe ekugcineni bakwazi ukuba agqashule emkhubeni eminyaka kwakuwukuthi amaSulumane.

Ngemva kwempi,

Lapho Uqede Reconquista eSpain, e-yombuso wema abantu ozithandayo, uFerdinand neNdlovukazi u-Isabella. Kwakumelwe ababusi ohlakaniphile, ngaphandle okuyinto ukuchuma ngeke ufinyelelwe, hhayi kuphela e-Spain, kodwa futhi Melika. Phela, laba babusi abangamaqaba ziye zasiza Columbus ukwenza kwaziwe lokho ayekutholile wakhe omkhulu womhlaba. UFerdinand no-Isabella waphenduka Spain kusimo eqinile zamaKatolika. Abamele bezinye izinkolo asikwazanga ukuthola indawo ezikhonza kula mazwe. INkosi Queen ngemoto sisuka ezweni lawo amaMoor, amaJuda namaSulumane.

Lokhu asebukhosini wahlala eyaziwa best eminyaka. Manje benza esinye iziqu e-Spain. Senzé kakhulu isimo, ubuKatolika, kanti kwakufanele nomthelela ku kwamanye amazwe. Ekhatsi Grenada, konke kubonisa ukuthi ukuthunjwa edolobheni kuqede Reconquista. AbaseSpain bayazigqaja umlando wabo futhi yamakhasi nobuqhawe lapho emazweni bomdabu yakhululwa abahlaseli. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho ngonyaka yaqedwa Reconquista. kwaba Kulo nyaka omunye umhlaba wonke emlandweni playoffs.