Ukuzenzekelayo kwezitshalo ze-boiler: incazelo, idivayisi kanye nesifunda

Ukulawula nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwamayunithi we-boiler, izindlela zobuchwepheshe zaqala ukusetshenziselwa ngisho nasezigaba zokuqala zokuzenzekelayo kwemboni nokukhiqiza. Izinga lanamuhla lokuthuthukiswa kwalesi siqondiso kwenza kube lula ukukhulisa inzuzo nokuthembeka kwezinto zokushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuqondisisa umsebenzi womsebenzi wokugcinwa kwabasebenzi.

Izinhloso nezinhloso

Izindlela zokuzikhandla zesimiso se-boiler zanamuhla zingagcina ukusebenza okungenenkinga nokusebenza kwemishini ngaphandle kokungenelela okuqondile kwe-opharetha. Imisebenzi yomuntu incishiswe ekuqaphelweni kwe-intanethi ye-operability nemingcele yeqoqo lonke lamadivayisi. Ukuzenzekelayo kwamakamelo okushisa kuxazulula imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukuqala nokuyeka ngokuzenzakalelayo kwama-boiler amayunithi.
• Ukulawula amandla kagesi (ukulawulwa kwe-cascade) ngokusho kwezilungiselelo zokuqala zokuhlela.
• Ukulawula amaphampu okudla, ukulawula amazinga apholile kuma-circuits asebenzayo nabathengi.
• Ukumiswa okuphuthumayo nokusebenza kwamadivaysi okubonisa, uma amanani okusebenza wesistimu adlula imingcele ecacisiwe.

Into yokuzenzekelayo

Imishini ye-boiler njengento yokulawulwa yinkimbinkimbi yesistimu enamandla enezinhlobo eziningi ezihlangene zokufakelwa kanye neziphumayo. Ukuzwakalisa izindlu ze-boiler kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi e-unit unit kunezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokugeleza kwezinqubo zezobuchwepheshe. Amanani amancane alawulwayo ahlanganisa:

• Ukugeleza nomfutho we-coolant (amanzi noma umusi);
• Ukukhishwa esithandweni somlilo;
• Izinga emgodini wezakhi;
• Eminyakeni yamuva, izidingo zezemvelo zandiswe izinga lemishini yokufakelwa kwamafutha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekushiseni nasekubunjweni kwemikhiqizo yentuthu.

Izinga lokuzenzakalela

I-degree of automation ichaziwe uma udala igumbi lokubilisa noma lapho ulungisa noma ubeka imishini. Kungaba phakathi kokulawulwa kwamandla ngokuvumelana nezinsimbi zokufakazela ukulawula okuzenzekelayo ngokuvumelana nezimo ze-algorithms ezisekelwe esimweni sezulu. Izinga lokuzenzekelayo lihloselwe ngokuyinhloko ngenhloso, amandla kanye nezici zokusebenza zokusebenza kwemishini.

Ukuzishintsha kwamanje kwendlu ye-boiler kuveza indlela ephelele - izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqapha nokulawula izinqubo ezithile zobuchwepheshe zihlanganiswa zibe inethiwekhi eyodwa nokuphathwa kweqembu elisebenzayo.

Isakhiwo jikelele

Ukuzenzekelayo kwezindlu zamabhilidi kwakhiwe ohlelweni lokulawula amazinga amabili. Izinga elingezansi (field) lifaka amadivaysi ezenzakalelayo zendawo ezisekelwe kubaphathi be-microcontroller abahleliwe abasebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwekhono lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvimbela, ukulungiswa nokuguqulwa kwemingcele, abaguquli bokuqala bokulinganisa ngokomzimba. Imishini ehloselwe ukuguqulwa, ukubhalisa nokudluliswa kwedatha yolwazi ifakiwe lapha.

Izinga elingenhla lingabelwa njengendawo yokugcina imidwebo eyakhiwe kwiKhabhinethi yokulawula noma umsebenzi wokusebenza osebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesisekelo sekhompyutha yomuntu siqu. Lonke ulwazi oluvela ezingeni eliphansi lamancane okulawula amancane nezinzwa zesistimu kuboniswa lapha, futhi imiyalo yokusebenza, ukulungiswa kanye nezilungiselelo kufakwa. Ngaphezu kokuthumela le nqubo, imisebenzi yokwenza ngcono izindlela, ukuhlonza isimo sezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlaziya izinkomba zomnotho, ukugcinwa kokugcinwa kwemininingwane nokugcina idatha kuxazululwe. Uma kunesidingo, ulwazi ludluliselwa ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwamabhizinisi jikelele (MRP / ERP) noma ku-settlement.

Ukuzenzekelayo kwemishini yebhayili

Imakethe yanamuhla iboniswa kokubili ngamadivaysi namadivaysi ahlukene, futhi ngamasetha okuzenzekelayo kokukhiqizwa okusemaphandleni nasezweni langaphandle kwamanzi abilayo. Izindlela zokuzenzakalela zifaka:

• Imishini yokulawula ukushisa nokutholakala kwelangabi, ivuselela futhi ilawule ukushisa kwamafutha emakamelweni okushisa ebheyili;
• Izinzwa ezikhethekile (ukulinganisa amanani, ukushisa, ukucindezela, abahlaziyi begesi, njll);
• Ama-actuators (ama-valenoid valves, adlulisa, ama-servo drives, ama-converter ama-frequency);
• Ukulawula ama-panel for boilers kanye nemishini yamabhoyili (izinduduzo, ama-schemic schemes schemes);
• Ukushintsha amakhabhinethi, imigqa yokuxhumana kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla.

Uma ukhetha izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuqapha nokuqapha, ukunakekelwa okuphelele kufanele kukhokhelwe ezenzakalweni zokuphepha, okungafaki ukuvela kwezimo eziphuthumayo neziphuthumayo.

Amasistimu kanye nemisebenzi

Noma yimuphi umshini wokuzwakalisa izindlu zokushisa kubandakanya izinhlelo zokulawula, umthethonqubo nokuvikelwa. Umthethonqubo wenziwa ngokugcina imodi enkulu yokushisa ngokubeka ukukhishwa esithandweni somlilo, ukugeleza komoya oyinhloko kanye nemingcele ye-coolant (izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, ukugeleza). I-subsystem yokuqapha ibonisa idatha yangempela ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini ekukhonjisweni komuntu. Amadivaysi okuvikelwa aqinisekisa ukuvimbela izimo eziphuthumayo uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza, ukunikezwa kwesignali esivamile noma umsindo noma ukuvalwa kwezinyunithi zamabhokisi okushisa okulungiselelwe imbangela (ekuboniseni imidwebo, umdwebo womnumzane, isihlangu).

Izivumelwano zokuxhumana

Ukuzenzekelayo kwezitshalo ze- boiler ngokusekelwe kuma-microcontrollers kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamasekisi okudlulisela kanye nokulawula imigqa ohlelweni lokusebenza . Ukuze uxhumane phakathi kwamazinga angenhla nangaphansi kwesistimu yokulawula, ukudluliswa kolwazi phakathi kwezinzwa kanye nabalawuli, inethiwekhi yezimboni ene-interface ethile kanye nedatha yokudlulisa idatha isetshenziselwa ukuhumusha imiyalo kuma-actuators. Amazinga kaModbus noProfibus asetshenziswa kakhulu. Zivumelana nenqwaba yemishini esetshenziselwa ukuzitholela izakhiwo zokushisa. Zihlukaniswa izinkomba eziphezulu zokuthembeka kokudluliswa kolwazi, izimiso ezilula nokuzwakalayo zokusebenza.

Ukusindisa amandla nemiphumela yomphakathi yokuzenzekelayo

Ukuzenzekela ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezindlu zokushisa kungabandakanyi amathuba okuba izingozi zibhubhise izindlu ezinkulu, ukufa kwabasebenzi. Uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo lukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini kusihlwa, ukunciphisa umthelela wesici somuntu.

Ngenxa yokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwamanani wemithombo yamanzi, amandla okusindisa amandla okuzenzekelayo akuzona okubaluleke kakhulu. Ukulondolozwa kwegesi yemvelo, okufinyelela ku-25% yenkathi yokushisa, kunikezwa yi:

• Isilinganiso esiphezulu se "gas / air" engxenyeni yamafutha kuyo yonke imigudu yokusebenza yekamelo lokubilisa, ukulungiswa kwezinga le-oxygen emikhiqizweni evuthayo;
• Kungenzeka ukulungiswa komuntu ngamabhoyili hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokushisa kwegesi;
• Umthethonqubo awugcini nje ngokushisa nokucindezelwa komuntu opholile endaweni yokungena nokuphuma kwamathumba, kepha futhi ucabangela imingcele yemvelo (ubuchwepheshe bezulu).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzenzakalela kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-algorithm yokushisa eneziphephelo zamandla ezindaweni ezingekho zokuhlala noma izakhiwo ezingasetshenziswanga ngezimpelasonto namaholide.