Ukwakhela amanethiwekhi kagesi: ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe, ukufakwa nokubeka

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa yokudlulisela imigqa emisha, transformer ezincane kanye nokuvuselelwa kwazo, ukunwetshwa, kabusha entsha izindlela lobuchwepheshe kokuqala kwenziwa umklamo amanethiwekhi kagesi. Imidwebo, izinhlelo, umthwalo ukubalwa eyenziwa ikhumbula imithetho ekhona. Imithetho kunikezelwe ngezidingo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza onokwethenjelwa zokuxhumana, amayunithi angezelelweko netakhiwo, ukuhlinzeka abathengi nge ephephile, ngcono ukusebenza lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi amandla abo kagesi. Ukuze amanethiwekhi kagesi zihlanganisa imigqa lapho anikwe amandla abathengi zasemadolobheni kanye yezolimo, kubandakanya ezibalulekile emphakathini, amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano yemboni, likhaya sphere kwamasiko.

Izidingo kumanethiwekhi kagesi ukusetshenziswa yezolimo

Indlela yokuthuthuka abathengi yasemakhaya kagesi ikakhulukazi iqukethe imibuzo imigqa kudivayisi 35-110 kW. Zisekelwe imigqa Sectional nge voltage kwe-circuit esikhulu futhi esiqiwini mutual, abasebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi transformer ezincane. Line ne inqolobane mutual ukondla kusukela uvo ezincane ezihlukahlukene. Uma amandla kuveza transformer efanayo, nemithetho design kwezobuchwepheshe amanethiwekhi kagesi Ukuvumela ukuxhumana izinhlelo ezahlukene omunye substation. isipele amandla uxhumano, uma kunesidingo, ngokuzenzakalelayo.

substation okusha kuyakhiwa ngokujoyina OSG usebenza substation crosscuts izintambo zikagesi noma amagatsha off isikimu, ikhumbula ukuthi kungenzeka lenethiwekhi ekhona. Uma imigqa abadala nabasha ukulandela okufanayo, ke sibhekelela indaba ukudluliswa kwe-transformer ekhona ukuze zinamandla ephakeme.

Okudingekayo ezincane transformer

Substation transformer imishini enikeziwe ukusetshenziswa yokukhiqiza ezimbonini izigaba uhlobo ngokugcwele ephelele futhi avaliwe, wenza ngezitini, kuma-panel kakhonkolo nemabhuloki.

Okusalungiswa kubeka design lwahlangana kanti futhi izingxenye ejwayelekile avunyelwe ukuklama amadivayisi angaphansi ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo uma ukulethwa yabo kwenzeka esikhathini lapho ukufakwa iqala. Ukwakhela amanethiwekhi kagesi kusho inkomba ukulethwa imibhalo. Akuvunyelwe ezihlukahlukene osayizi esetshenziswa izakhiwo esakhiweni, inombolo ubuncane.

Izinqumo zenziwa ngesisekelo nemingcele kagesi ukonga design izikimu ngemva Ngokuqhathanisa embodiments eziningana. Kukhethwa ikakhulu design, esinikela izindleko aphansi. Amapharamitha Technical amanethiwekhi kagesi zikhethwa ngokuhambisana amandla ukugeleza zonke izindlela ezisebenza.

ukulahlekelwa elilinganiswayo zithathwa esekelwe amanani avumelekile voltage lehla ngo-kunechweba kanye elektopriemnika ovumelekile voltage inkomba endaweni emaphakathi supply system. Uma idatha yomsebenzi osizayo sokubalwa ukulahlekelwa kuvunyelwe bengekho, sokubalwa amanethiwekhi kamasipala ukuthatha imali voltage 8%, zokukhiqiza imigqa - 6.5%, imfuyo amapulazi - 4% ipharamitha bokuzisholo.

Layisha kunqunywa sicabangisisa ngazo zonke abathengi ugesi okuyinto ezidla kusukela transformer yakhelwe. Imithwalo zithathwa benethemba iminyaka engu-10, esigabeni kwencazelo ucingo kanye cable kuba iminyaka 5 kusukela osukwini nokuthuma. Uma iphrojekthi yahlangana iminyaka emithathu nezinyanga akukakasetshenziswa, ukwakhiwa amanethiwekhi kagesi ku it is hhayi kwenziwe, amarekhodi idatha kubuyekezwa.

Ukuthembeka kagesi ukunikezela Izinkomba

Electroreceivers abathengi abangekho kwezolimo, zidla yezolimo ezweni amanethiwekhi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba kuye ukuthembeka izidingo ukunikezela ngogesi. amazinga nokwethenjelwa for isigaba ngasinye zibekiwe imibhalo zomnyango futhi inqunywa uhlobo idivayisi umsebenzisi input.

Design basemaphandleni inethiwekhi kagesi kuncike esigabeni abathengi zokukhiqiza, kamasipala nezinto zasendlini wezolimo. Division kubo esigabeni 1 kanye 2 inikezwe ngendlela uhlu eziqondisweni methodological ukuqinisekisa ugesi ipulazi amandla abathengi.

Uma abathengi abekho ohlwini, zabizwa ngokuthi Isigaba 3. Amandla kagesi bunikezwa izigaba ezimbili zokuqala Transformers ezimbili nezilandiso, zizimele kusukela kwenye. Phula ugesi zabo ingeqi esikhathini othomathikhi amandla sokubuyiselwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ufaka kumthengi wanakekela ukufakwa isipele ngokuzenzakalela.

Eyodwa ugesi ihlinzeka wesibili wamandla ifomu esiteshini esincane sikagesi nge Transformers ezimbili noma amabili izigaba amathayi we substation efanayo. Uma umthengi ungaphakathi ukungena kokukude, wayesebanga ukubeka isipele transformer ezimele. Ukuze oluphuthumayo ukunikezela ngogesi isipele umamukeli izigaba ezimbili zokuqala, okuyinto asivumeli iziphazamiso phezu amahora 0.5, design kwenethiwekhi kagesi ihlinzeka umthombo isipele asizayo ugesi ezizimele ngaphandle kokubheka ku imigca.

imithetho Jikelele

Design futhi ingxenye ezakhayo we plan master Kwenziwa ikhumbula ekupheleni-iphuzu substation kunqunywa ngombono nesimo ngesikhathi design. Ukwakhela amanethiwekhi kagesi Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho Ikhodi Land. Lamaphepha zihlanganisa izinqumo emikhandlwini yendawo elifanele kokuhoxiswa kokuhlelwa izwe kusukela abanikazi ukuze kwakhiwe amandla izindawo.

Ukwakhela amanethiwekhi kagesi usebenzisa ulwazi olulandelayo:

• okufunwa abathengi ukuxhuma substation grid;
• izidingo electroreceivers uma uxhumeke kwi-Izinsiza;
• okufunwa Abanini bomhlaba maqondana transformer namanethiwekhi;
• namazinga izixazululo yezakhiwo nokuhlela;
• ukulayisha nokusatshalaliswa yabo ngokuvumelana izigaba yentuthuko substation esekelwe voltage imikhakha abasebenzisi;
• idatha yomsebenzi osizayo mayelana umthwalo imikhawulo transformer;
• idatha kulinganiselwa ku Imininingwane amandla transformers kanye nenombolo yabo;
• izimfuneko ukwakhiwa kwe-circuit elihlangana;
• izindlela zokulungisa voltage phezu substation amabhasi transformer.

Imithombo idatha ngenhla

Electric ugesi ngoba izidingo ngenhla isebenzisa lezi zincwadi ezilandelayo:

• amandla wesifunda izintambo zikagesi kanye izici lobuchwepheshe we yangaphandle ugesi sikhungo;
• izimo Technical ukuxhuma inkampani amandla;
• Amaphepha for ngesakhiwo ukulahlwa ngoba ukwakhiwa;
• nemingcele lobuchwepheshe esabelweni ikhasimende.

Uma kungekho kungenzeka yokuthola data esuka emithonjeni primary, noma ulwazi yisikhathi, abasebenzi ubunjiniyela ukwenza izibalo ezidingekayo futhi ukucacisa ulwazi ulahlekile ngesikhathi sesigaba zangaphambi ukwakhiwa.

Design amanethiwekhi kagesi kanye izinhlelo, izitshalo amandla ezishisayo kuhlanganisa izakhiwo ezilandelayo futhi izindawo:

• izakhiwo zezimboni kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa, isakhiwo main, izakhiwo kagesi, imishini namanzi bafudumale system, igesi namafutha fuel ukufaka;
• ukwakha izindlu nezinye izakhiwo kanye izindawo zezimboni elisizayo, iziqhumane boilers, isitoreji ebiyelwe, amakamelo zokuphatha kanye Umbuso, workshop namafutha ukugcwaliswa;
• ukusekela izindawo, ojantshi, iziteshi, emadepho, emagalaji;
• yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile izitshalo, uthango izindlela, imigwaqo, ukudweba, izakhiwo zesikhashana futhi ibhomu zokukhosela.

Design imisebenzi yenziwa Ochwepheshe ephezulu ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, okusalungiswa inikeza amadivayisi high-ukusebenza kahle futhi imishini. izixazululo Technical zisekelwe ukuhlinzeka okuthembekile, izindleko utshalomali kanye nezindleko operation baqhubeka.

imishini yezobuchwepheshe itholakala futhi exhumene ne isimo sesondlo elula futhi ukulungisa, afise ukuba kwenziwe imishini umnyuziki nokwehlisa yisabelo imisebenzi yezandla. Iziyalezo umklamo amanethiwekhi kagesi kudinga ukuma sezikhonzi Igumbi nezindlwana kwizigamu behlukile izindonga imishini ukusebenza. Ngaphakathi hhayi amaphayiphi injongo zobuchwepheshe, ngaphandle amanzi, amapayipi endle, Ukushisa kanye umoya omncane.

NeKwakha ezishintshayo

Ngo izitshalo amandla yesimanje zinikezwa izindlela zokuvimbela nokusetshenziswa i elawula uhlelo ngokuzenzakalela ikuvumela ukuba ahlele umsebenzi nge iphuzu akude, ulungise imisebenzi ukubala, okuwuphawu, ukuvikelwa, yokuxhumana ngaphansi kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Ububanzi lokulawula yokutholwa iphrojekthi ngokuhambisana imiyalelo imihlahlandlela zomnyango.

Ukusebenza ivolumu ukuphathwa kunqunywa esekelwe isiqondiso ezishintshayo, umsebenzi izinqubo ekuqaleni, yima bese ukulayisha izinguquko amayunithi ngabanye noma lonke uhlelo. Automatic control izikhundla ukunikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene: amandla yemethadatha, izintambo zikagesi kanye Transformers crosslinked.

amandla Modular elawulwa kusuka central ukusatshalaliswa ibhodi compact imele asizayo control panel izakhiwo ezivamile umile ukufaka compressor substation.

Imisebenzi ku Ukuvikelwa komhlaba

ezincane agesi zitholakala emazweni ezindaweni ezizimele kanye kamasipala ngokuhambisana nomthetho oshayiwe umhlaba, iqoqo izenzo ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yemvelo, kwezokwakha neziqondiso. Beka indawo esizayo is akhethiwe esekelwe sesibopho ukuthobisa icebo uhlelo olukhona kanye yecebo ibhizinisi ezimbonini.

Ukwakhela lesifunda igridi kagesi kwenzeka banikezwe yokuthi ilungiselelo amanethiwekhi kagesi substations zisebenzisa yokusetshenziswa komhlaba abangekho kwezolimo, futhi umkhiqizo ongaphakeme. Kuyakhiwa inqanyulwa futhi agcinwe wangaphezulu, okuyinto zanciphisa umhlaba engatheli.

Abanikazi abathintekayo ezindaweni kuncike isinxephezelo ngenxa ngokugcwele komhlaba wezolimo. Uma umdlalo komhlaba ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana kwenzeka, esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kuncike yesibili ukutshala. Izakhiwo at eyayibekelwe ukwakhiwa iziteshi amandla zitholakala kancane owandile kudivayisi amasevisi ezihambisana e multi-storey izakhiwo. izakhiwo okusha ungamvimbi ekhona izinto zezimboni nendlu.

Design of amanethiwekhi amandla ukusatshalaliswa ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemithetho wokwakha ukuminyana, owanikezwa SNIP. Wondla endaweni iphrojekthi ukwandiswa esikhathini amanethiwekhi ugesi ikusasa kuchazwa ngokuhambisana sebhithi yephrojekthi azokwenza izifundo. Izikwele nomlotha futhi slag zokulahla kuthiwa kubalwa kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe izinto umquba emnothweni kazwelonke.

Futhi iminyango eya izakhiwo substation ukuphathwa slide strip efanayo ezweni amanzi, ngezidingo, Ukushisa amapayipi imigqa, iziteshi amanzi kanye amapayipi ahlelwe ubumbene kuyoshaya amapayipi ingangqubuzani imingcele emazweni wezolimo.

wezasemoyeni Ezokuphepha

Ngenxa yale njongo, ekulungiseleleni iphrojekthi inikeza imisebenzi kanye namadivayisi ekhethekile ukuceka uthuli izinto eziyingozi e-ungqimba ngenhla phansi umkhathi ukuze amazinga yamazinga sanitary. Lesi simo inikezwe izinkomba ezahlukene substation transformer, kuhlanganise eliphakeme amandla kulungiselelwa.

Izinyathelo ukuze kuvikeleke machibi

Eyakhelwe ukwelashwa amanzi izindawo ukuvikela imizimba amanzi ekungcolisweni ingress indle. Lezi izinto zakhelwe esekelwe kwezinkambiso sanitary. Umgudu ekwelapheni amanzi ezimbonini kuyakhethwa kuye ngokuthi izimo yokusebenza ethile isitshalo yakhelwe. High-voltage imigqa bakhele phezu kwelwazi iziqondiso lokuvela amabanga kusukela amadamu.

Endleleni ukuhlanza ehlaselwe uhlobo imishini esetshenziswa namandla alo. Umhlahlandlela imodi ukusetshenziswa, uhlobo fuel, indlela yokususa imikhiqizo amandla omlilo, uhlelo lwaluyophola, izimo zezulu, kanye nezinye ukusebenza. osenyameni ashiwo ka emfantwini esihlelwe ngamasevisi eziphathelene nempilo yomphakathi ekugcineni ukubhekwa, Ukuvikelwa zezinhlanzi amachibi kanye neminye imigwamanda.

ukunyakaza Ezokuthutha

Ezokuthutha ukunyakaza zangaphakathi nezangaphandle impahla ukusebenza kwe-substation yakhelwe ngesisekelo sifaniso izinkomba ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho ongakhetha. Ezisetshenzisiwe elihambayo, loliwe, emanti, umgwaqo noma air zokuthutha. abasebenzi Delivery kusukela yokuhlala endaweni besebenza izindlela kahle kakhulu kwezokuthutha, okuvumela ukuchitha lemali okungenani isikhathi.

Ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla kanye nabagibeli phezu ezincane transformer zitholakala ezindaweni zezimboni, zixhumene isikimu jikelele we izindlela zokuthutha ezikhona nokuthuthukiswa iphrojekthi izindlela isikhathi esizayo. Kwenzeka zokuthutha Okusizayo wokubambisana emabhizinisini ekhona futhi afakwa engumakhelwane.

Reception, ukulethwa kanye yokugcina uwoyela fuel, amafutha igesi

Le mfuneko nsuku Ukushisa ibalwa kusukela ekusebenzeni kubhayela at umthamo evamile amahora okusebenza 20. Uma kunakwe nezinga lokushisa lwenyanga enomoya konyaka ke ukubala Kwenziwa amahora angu-24. izitshalo Amandla ezisebenza fuel okuqinile, iklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana isayithi ukukhanyisa-ukwakhiwa. Uma kusetshenziswa amanzi ashisayo isiqongo boilers, umnotho wabo is kuhlangene idivayisi.

Ukwakhela kagesi ibhizinisi amanethiwekhi kusekelwe supply uwoyela fuel kubhayela kusukela samabanga aphansi noma iyunithi uwoyela nophethiloli. Uma fuel main kuhlinzekelwe ukusetshenziswa igesi, njengengxenye kubhayela yakhelwe ukulawula igesi iphuzu. Iyunithi ukusatshalaliswa isendaweni Insimu substation esakhiweni ehlukile noma ngaphansi kophahla.

fuel gas ukusetshenziswa kunqunywa kubalwa ukugeleza esiphezulu bonke boilers. Ezambiwa igesi Kwenziwa ngokuhlukile ukusatshalaliswa ngephuzu ngalinye, liner eceleni kuhlelwa. Isibalo ukulawula amayunithi e ukusatshalaliswa ngamunye iphuzu inikeza eyodwa ngaphezulu okuyinto isipele.

izitshalo Amandla eline isigatshana umnotho transformer futhi ophephela amafutha. Ipulazi kuhlanganisa nokugcina fresh futhi wachitha umkhiqizo amathangi, uzotshala kudivayisi, iphele kudivayisi, ekunciphiseni imishini. Phakathi potting transformers esetshenziswa mobile decontamination isitshalo, nitrogen noma livikelwe ifilimu impahla. Isakhiwo substation umthamo efakwe lamafutha ezine ophephela futhi transformer, amathangi amabili eceleni ukuhlinzekela isitoreji uwoyela umshini Lubrication.

ikhaya ugesi iphrojekthi

Le phrojekthi akhiwa sangaphandle supply kagesi Izakhiwo zokuhlala nendawo yomphakathi, ingaphakathi wiring amahanisi akufakwanga ngezithako zawo. amaphrojekthi ejwayelekile zenzelwe ukuxhuma amandla kagesi abathengi ngesakhiwo ejwayelekile. Uma indawo izakhiwo egcekeni kude ikhambi standard, ke phrojekthi elibuyekeziwe ukuze ibonise lezi zinguquko.

efulethini amandla phrojekthi ikakhulukazi elisetshenziswa izakhiwo ezintsha, lapho le nkampani ukwakhiwa buthakathaka ubophekile ukuba enze inombolo okungenani uxhumano amaphuzu. Kukhona uhlobo umsebenzi wokwakha, okwasetshenziswa iqanjwe muntu, ikuvumela ukuba akwati kutfutfukisa zangaphandle, zangaphakathi kanye nezomnotho ugesi. ukunikezela ukuthengisa kagesi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba usebenze izinhlelo zokuxhumana futhi-moya.

Inqubo yokubhalisa iphrojekthi

amandla iphrojekthi welinye ifulethi at inhliziyo iqukethe Ukucaciswa. imiklamo yabo omele kagesi umphakeli le nhlangano ngo isicelo sithunyelwa. I yakwelinye izwe uthi:

• igama nekheli isikhungo;
• sibalo design ukubaluleka voltage;
• ibalwa umthwalo izinkomba;
• Plaka uhlobo voltage;
• Ikhombisa isiqondiso ukusetshenziswa amandla, ezifana Ukushisa ukukhiqizwa amanzi ashisayo.

Ngaphezu kokwenza isitatimende epulanini isayithi, imibhalo sobunikazi, amalayisense izenzo imisebenzi.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-project kudinga ulwazi professional namalayisense, ngakho ukuhlanganisa kwemibhalo iphathwe ngochwepheshe Energy Company, i project ezimele akwenziwa.