Ukwakhiwa kophahla sokhuni indlu: izici isidumbu ukufakwa

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa noma iyiphi indlu ufeza ababalulekile ohlelweni truss, okuyinto ezenziwe ngokhuni. Futhi indaba kuyiphi esakhiwe isakhiwo, ke akuxhomekile lutho. izakhi ezinjalo ezifanele nganoma yisiphi uhlobo ophahleni. Roof ngenxa kungase kudingeke iyiphi ukuma, isibonelo kungenzeka kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, gambrel, ophahleni kanye nokunye - abanye embodiments. Lesi sihloko iyobheka ukuthi is klamo ophahleni indlu yamapulangwe, sizoxoxa izinhlobo zalo eziyisisekelo kanye namafomu, elithola abo kanye nebubi.

Imininingwane isakhiwo

Endaweni kuqala ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zokuhlala sikhetha Uhlaka ukuma esizayo. Kuyinto kusukela lesi sibalo incike iyunithi truss uhlelo elisophahleni indlu yamapulangwe, bulukhuni kokusebenza, indaba ka umthwalo.

Kukhethwa uhlobo

Lapho ukhetha uhlobo lezi zinto ezilandelayo kumele kubhekwe:

1. Inzika, olungena ngo-esifundeni. Uma le nombolo inenani esiphezulu ke a ngokhuni endlini ukwakhiwa kophahla kufanele kube eliphezulu engela enkulu. Uma inani okuncane kwezulu kuyakhethwa samuntu Planar.
2. Uhlobo ukufulela impahla. Kukhethwa kwalesi sakhi kakhulu kuthinta emthambekeni ophahleni. kukhona izinga ezithile uhlobo ophahleni ngamunye.

Kwezinye izimo, abantu bafuna ukwakha uphahla azofanela izintandokazi zabo siqu. Kulokhu, ukubala senziwa imithwalo angawodwana ku uzimele, okuyinto akhethiwe okusekelwe uhlobo oluthile ophahleni.

Izinhlobonhlobo esikhulu

Ukwakhiwa lokhuni kophahla endlini kungaba izinhlobo ezimbili: flat futhi luthi ukutsheka. Uhlobo lokuqala efakwe i-engela izinyathelo eziyishumi. Engabuyeli kokuphakeme bekuyobhekwa njengento bamisa. nedatha angase abe ezihlukile, ngalinye elikwazi kuthinta izici enamathela ngokulandelana. Indlela elula izinhlobo flat futhi ezimbili. Manje, ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngamunye wabo.

baphenduke futhi baguquke

Lona design okulula ophahleni lokhuni. Kuyinto kummango, ogama indiza kusekelwe izindonga umthwalo eziveza eziphakeme ezahlukene isakhiwo. Lokhu ukwakha elasetshenziselwa yasendlini nokwakhiwa.

gable

Phakathi ezicini ezinhle zalolu hlobo ukunikeza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Uma ukufaka ilungile, izakhiwo nangokuvikela ophahleni bayovuswa.
2. Nge ukwakhiwa ephezulu uphahla bamisa kukhona isikhala esengeziwe, okungase kusetshenziswe njengezaba ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu.
3. Ebusika, iqhwa asihlali ophahleni futhi isuswe ngokuzimela. Ngenxa yalo mklamo akuyona sebunzimeni ezengeziwe.
4. ophahleni Gable ka indlu yamapulangwe, ukwakhiwa okuyinto unxantathu akusho ukugcina umswakama, luyingozi ngakho ukhuni.
5. ophahleni Gable ifakiwe ngendlela yokuthi izindonga lokhuni ikhumbule amanzi emvula noma bhotela amanzi iqhwa. Lesi sici yelula ukuphila yendlu.
6. ukulungisa Akubizi.
7. Ukufaka ophahleni gable akuthathi isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla.

flat

Umklamo kophahla oluyisicaba indlu yamapulangwe ikuvumela ukuba silisebenzise kulowo izingxenye zezwe lapho kukhona ukulahleka esincane kwezulu. Njengomthetho, lezi zindlu Kwakhiwa ezindaweni eningizimu.

Kophahla oluyisicaba akufane ukwakhiwa ophahleni emafulethini. Ukudalwa into enjalo akudingi ukutshalwa esikhulu, ngoba akudingeki ukwakha okukhulu truss uhlelo. Lolu hlelo siqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• kuze kube nini nanini ukwesekwa sokhuni;
• Hydro, umusi kanye ukushisa ukwahlukanisa.

hipped

Isici yalolu hlobo kuba khona ababili ramps ijamo elingunxantathu, okungadingeki eduze gables. Lezi zingxenye unxande kukhona okuthiwa okhalweni. Idivayisi truss uhlelo ophahleni e indlu yamapulangwe - kuba kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho ukufakwa kwalo aludingi amakhono akhethekile. Engxenyeni engenhla, bavame ukusetha iwindi.

poluvalmovaya

Lesi sakhiwo itholakala phakathi ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili uphahla: gambrel futhi gable. Ngokuqhathaniswa umbono owedlule, it has ukuma trapezoid. Phezulu, ngaphambili, wahlela ramps esingunxantathu. Ungakwazi futhi ukuthi uhlele iwindi noma ukulungisa ukubukeka usebenzisa poluvalm.

Hip ophahleni hip

Lolu hlobo ukhumbuza eqhugwaneni ubudala, okuyinto has simise esingunxantathu. Izinto ezingekho oxhumene kwelinye iphuzu elingenhla. Uhlangothi ophahleni alinganayo nhlangothi zonke, futhi ugema ayitholakali. umklamo okunjalo, ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa izindlu unxande noma isikwele. Imelana kwezulu kanye ipheshulwa eqinile womoya.

Mnogoschiptsovaya

Izici ehlukile lolu hlobo kuba phambi sebuningini indents, izimbambo futhi skates. It is ithuthukiswe ngqo ekhaya ikakhulukazi athathwe. Ukufakwa isakhiwo esinjalo kubaluleke ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, edinga amakhono athile, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuphathisa umsebenzi ochwepheshe.

Ukwakhiwa kophahla mansard ka indlu yamapulangwe

Ngenye indlela, lesi simiso ngokuthi umugqa eziphukile. Itholakala engela ezithile, okuyinto esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Ngenxa ukwa, esemgwaqweni ekhoneni enyakazayo, elisophahleni ungakha uhlelo Igumbi owengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ophahleni lingakhiwa kunoma usayizi iwindi.

Dome

Lolu hlobo kuba ngempela ezingavamile. It has simise oyindilinga kanye ayinazo engeli kanye eziseceleni. Leli fomu isetshenziswa njengoba izakhi ahlukene izakhiwo ezincane, isibonelo kwi Arbor. Uma ufaka nophahla round esakhiweni esikhulu wachitha isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla, futhi ngisho nqubo ngempela eqolo.

kuhlanganiswe

Lolu hlobo ngokohlaka kuyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke kulokhu okungenhla, njengoba ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana. It isethwe ekwakheni enkulu, lapho kukhona Gazebo, balcony nokunye. D. Kungenzeka ukufaka amafasitela kokubili osayizi ezincane nezinkulu. Ilungiselelo elinjalo ka indlu yamapulangwe eqolo, futhi ukufakwa ngaphandle Uchwepheshe engenakwenzeka.

Yezinhlobo lokhuni kophahla endlini

Izakhi eyinhloko iyiphi ophahleni zihlanganisa umshayo uhlelo likhreyithi futhi mauerlat. Kukhona futhi izakhi ezengeziwe, ezifana Racks, izisekelo, imishayo nokunye. D. Lawa iziqobosho futhi banesibopho ngamandla wonke isakhiwo iyonke. ingxoxo eningiliziwe element ngayinye eziyisisekelo.

mauerlat

Kuyinto ugongolo sokhuni, okuyinto esetshenziswa njengendlela eyinhloko yasibamba isici ophahleni uhlelo. Etholakala eduze izindonga umthwalo eziveza bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Corner mauerlat oxhumene esebenzisa imishayo yokhuni, kubakaki nemishudo. Izikwele asethwe lapho kugamanxa-sigaba. Mauerlat ogibele izindonga umthwalo eziveza yendlu, noma kunalokho, phezu ihange. Yena kuboshelwe abanezinto zokugawula ezibukhali noma intambo. Khona-ke, i-ungangenisi amanzi. Njengomthetho, it is eyenziwe zamatshe ukufulela impahla, nakuba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto.

uhlelo truss

Isisekelo sanoma ibuphi ophahleni kuyinto uhlelo truss. Zonke izingxenye zayo, isayizi shape ihlobene ngokuqondile isakhiwo esizayo. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa endaweni elungile lokubizwa izindonga nezinsika. Njengoba kungaba imishayo yokhuni ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene futhi ubude. lingasetshenziswa kanye nezinye izinto.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-wophahla uhlelo: egqinsiwe futhi ilenga. Uhlobo lokuqala uhlelo siqukethe imishayo yokhuni asekelayo, okuyinto ingafakwa hhayi kuphela ezindongeni asekelayo, kodwa futhi phezu ngodonga. umklamo Ulenga nayo esisogwini izindonga umthwalo eziveza, kodwa ngokungafani ekubukekeni kwangaphambilini awusekelwe ukwahlukanisa. Ukuze usabalalise umthwalo phakathi izisekelo zenziwa Jumpers. Basuke zigxilé kuphelile. Ngakho, ingcindezi alamukeli ingxenye ehlukile odongeni, nokwakhiwa bebonke.

Ukuze le mpikiswano, masicabange ngomhlangano ophahleni elula gable. Idivayisi ophahleni sokhuni indlu, okungukuthi, truss uhlelo, kuncike ibanga phakathi kwezindonga. Kukhona ezinye izinketho yilezi:

1. Ummango ophakathi izindonga eziveza okungenani 6 amamitha. Kulokhu, truss uhlelo efakwe kwi yonke indawo mauerlat. Lo mklamo ubhekwa enamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukumelana noma iyiphi impahla ukufulela.

2. Ibanga phakathi kwezindonga eziveza ku kumamitha angu 6 kuya ku-8. Nokho, izinhlelo eziningana ophahleni kuthiwa kuhlobene esebenzisa imishudo.

3. ibanga phakathi kwezindonga eziveza zokhahlamba kusuka amamitha 8 kuya ku-12. Lolu hlelo truss has izici zayo siqu. Izinkuni imishayo ogibele ukwahlukanisa, futhi isici okufana eyodwa kuphela. Kwenzeka ukuthi ibanga 16 amamitha. Khona setha ezinye zalezi izisekelo.

Uma ekhaya kungekho izindonga umthwalo eziveza yangaphakathi, ibanga likhulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlobo semishayweni uyahlanganyela. Kulokhu, umklamo kuyoba ngokohlelo lweSitatimende yobunzima, futhi yena, yona, mauerlat. Kokuqina kufanele kube okuqinile. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, kuyoba ivumelane ukusonga.

Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi uye njalo ukuthi usethe semishayweni kuya nephuzu odongeni. It kuncike kuzo ukuma ophahleni. Ukukhweza phakathi imishayo ukwahlukanisa incike impahla.

Uyini ikesi ethandelayo sisho okuthile?

Crate iyincenye lebalulekile esibophezelayo ophahleni. Uma uyabulawa kusuka impahla esithambile, le ebhokisini iba okuqinile. Njengoba kungaba ngendlela yokwakha yaseGrisi izinkuni. Ukuze okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi eyizingqabavu ukufulela purlin akhethiwe nge Isikhala ka 50 cm. Amandla kanye ukubukeka ophahleni incike uhlobo ukufulela impahla.

izinto

Idivayisi uphahla indlu yamapulangwe kungaba nhlobonhlobo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu. Phakathi kwabo ukuhlukanisa okulandelayo:

• Roll;
• ibitume;
• Ceramic nensimbi tile;
• slate;
• ondulin.

Ukuze izakhiwo ezincane commercial futhi izakhiwo kuvame akhethiwe ukufulela engasindi, isib, ondulin, lukathayela nensimbi. Ukufakwa lezi zinto akuthathi isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zawo ongaphakeme idonse abantu abaningi. Ondulin izindleko ruble 250 ishidi ngayinye metal - ruble 300, lukathayela - ruble 200. Emakethe anhlobonhlobo kokubili Brands angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo. impahla ngayinye has izici zayo siqu, futhi ukubukeka izici.

Ukuze ezinkulu multi-storey izakhiwo usebenzisa igama elinamandla ngokwengeziwe futhi elisindayo impahla ukufulela, ezifana Tile Ceramic. Inani layo emakethe afika ku-400 ruble ngekhasi ngalinye, ke kuyodingeka ichithe ama okwengeziwe ukufakwa kwalo. uphahla okunjalo kungaba ukumelana nanoma imaphi kwezulu asemkhathini, umthwalo kwandisa umsindo ukwahlukanisa izakhiwo.

Ukuze izakhiwo abavamile ingasetshenziswa izinto izindleko ezifana ukufulela impahla, izindleko okuyinto ruble 100 roll ngayinye. Ngaphambi kokwenza ukufakwa ophahleni, kumelwe senze heater.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe,

Zonke izici uphahla endlini adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Okokuqala sinake isimo ugodo, izici okungukuthi ezifana:

• uvumelanise Ngokhuni kumele kube umswakama yemvelo.
• ibhodi Cutting womile e indawana ekhethekile.
• izakhi lokhuni ethe njo kufanele ibe okuqukethwe umswakama 2-3%.

Uma kuhlelelwa lokhuni kophahla endlini kufanele kubhekwe inkomba ezifana ukuncipha.
Uma ungenalo unake lesi sici, kofanele ukulungisa ophahleni.

Umshayo uhlelo nayo idinga ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Uma kukhethwe kufanele bacabangele le mithetho elandelayo:

• kokuba ukubala wophahla uhlelo;
• ngaphambi ukufakwa ophahleni indlu yamapulangwe kufanele ume okungenani ngonyaka;
• ngoba ezintweni zokwakha uphahla akufanele kokulondoloza.

Uma zonke izinto ngeke kuhlangabezane ngokucophelela nge ke udizayina oyohlala isikhathi eside.

Ngemva kokuphela ukufakwa ophahleni indlu yamapulangwe ngezikhathi kuhlolelwe umonakalo. Endabeni ka ukuthola kufanele isuswe ngokushesha. Uma ungaphenduki, isimo izoba buhlungu nakakhulu, futhi kuyodingeka ichithe imali eningi nakakhulu yokulungisa ophahleni.

Ngakho, sabuka yiziphi izinto ukufulela futhi siyini kudivayisi kophahla lokhuni. Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-design ezingase zithathwe practice.