Umbhali isichazamazwi isiRashiya. izinhlobo izichazamazwi

Ngubani uVladimir Ivanovich Dal? Umfundi ngamunye uzokutshela ukuthi lo muntu - nombhali isichazamazwi isiRashiya. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi izincwadi ezifana Imininingwane akuzona nje for abafundi nabafundi. Izichazamazwi ochwepheshe abanolwazi emkhakheni wabo: othisha, izazi zolimi, abahumushi kanye nezinye izifundiswa. Futhi ngenxa yohlobo lwazo kukhona ezihlukahlukene. Lesi sihloko sizodingida ayinhloko.

indaba

It kushintsha njalo. Futhi ulimi olukhulunywa abantu abahlala ensimini ka Russia yesimanje neminyaka emine noma emihlanu eyikhulu edlule, ngokuphongoza Ukwakheka nemithetho yolimi nendlela lucebe. Lavrentiy Zizany - nombhali isichazamazwi, eshicilelwe ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Uhlelo olulandelayo uvele 1627. Umbhali wayo kwaba Pamvo Berynda, futhi injongo yale ncwadi yayibhalwe incazelo yaleli bhuku amazwi isiSlavonic Esidala nezinkulumo. Ngo 1704 Polikarpov-Orlov kwaba ukuhumusha isichazamazwi sokuqala, okubandakanya amayunithi lucebe izilimi ezintathu: Russian, Latin, ngesiGreki.

Inkulumo ethi "nombhali isichazamazwi isiRashiya 'kuhlotshaniswa igama Vladimira Dalya, ngoba umsebenzi lo muntu ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wesayensi yezilimi Russian. ibhuku lakhe amazwi abangaphezu kwamakhulu ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Nokho, isichazamazwi sokuqala ochazayo ngokuthi le-Dictionary of the Russian Academy, okuyinto Nokho, ingaphezu etymological.

Ngemva Vladimira Dalya kule ndawo nazo ezifakwe ezinjalo zolimi abavelele sivale indlela engena emgedeni, Ushakov, Ozhegov. Lezi amagama ajwayelekile kubo bonke. Futhi ukuze asize Ozhegova isichazamazwi zokungcebeleka umuntu ogama imisebenzi okungenani wayenokuthile okunenani ukwenzani ukulotshwa imibhalo.

isipelingi

Inhloso yalezi izichazamazwi kuyinto ukucacisa ukupelwa amayunithi ahlukahlukene lucebe. Awaqukathi izincazelo zamagama noma izinkulumo elimisiwe phraseology. School, jikelele noma umkhakha kungenzeka isipelingi isichazamazwi of isiRashiya. Ababhali - Ushakov, Ozhegov. Lezi izincwadi okubhekiselwa kuzo nazo eshicilelwe futhi ukuhlelwa abalobi ezifana O. E. Ivanova futhi V. Lopatin.

izichazamazwi

On kule nguqulo izichazamazwi isivele sathi ukuxoxaxoxa. Kumele wanezela ukuthi izincwadi kukhulunywa senzelwe hhayi kuphela chaza inshokutsi yetinhlobo igama elithile noma ibinzana, kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa izici zendlela yokubhala kanye kolimi, Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa, kanye neminye imininingwane.

Ababhali izichazamazwi of isiRashiya:

• Lavrentiy Zizany.
• Pamvo Berynda.
• Vladimir Dal.
• Dmitry Ushakov.
• Sergey Ozhegov.

Uhlu olungenhla ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo.

nethesorasi

Lwati loluhle isitayela ulimi - ngokuyinhloko ikhono kahle ukukhetha amagama anencazelo efanayo. Iya kancane linikeza umqondo ungenza iyunithi lucebe endaweni esimweni esithile. Ukuze ugweme nobunzima obunjalo, futhi izincwadi ekhethekile. Umbhali isichazamazwi kolimi omqondofana isiRashiya, elanyatheliswa ngekhulu XVIII - kuyinto DI Fonvizin. Kodwa ubunzima umlobi wemidlalo ukusebenza ku umbhalo yesimanje akufanele ukuyisebenzisa. Kungcono iphendukele ukushicilelwa wayesebenza ku-umlobi we isichazamazwi isiRashiya njengoba umshuki.

Ezinye izinhlobo izichazamazwi

Izichazamazwi nakho kungaba terminological, phraseological, nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Lezi izinto inkomba kungase kuhilele kuphela neologisms futhi emagama angaphandle. Kukhona futhi amagama kakhulu ezikhethekile kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, abacwaningi, omsebenzi wakhe lunikezelwe imisebenzi Dostoevsky, ihlanganiswe isichazamazwi amalimi umbhali. Le ncwadi ihlanganisa amagama netisho, ehlanganisa amayunithi lucebe ukuthi kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe i-nombhali "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso."

Ngokwazi izichazamazwi ke wonke umuntu ofundayo olunye ulimi, omunye kufanele ahlale enezincwadi ezimbalwa ongakhetha kuzo. Futhi ezingeni elithile, lapho kukhona ulwazi olwanele base lucebe, mhlawumbe ngaphezulu ngokuvamile ziphendukela ngosizo izichazamazwi.

Yikuphi-editions Kubalulekile ukuba sibe phezu eshalofini lakho? Ngubani umlobi best of the isichazamazwi of isiRashiya? Lemibuto kunzima ukuphendula, ngoba wonke umuntu ekhetha ithafa kudingekile izincwadi okusekelwe uhlobo umsebenzi. Nokho Ozhegov Ushakov futhi kufanele nakanjani kube khona abafundi, abafundi, noma ubani okhuluma isi-Russian.