Umbusi-Aztec Moctezuma II. umbuso wama-Aztec

Ngo 1168 umbusi-Aztec wahola abantu bakhe kusukela esiqhingini Aztlán beyofuna a ezweni entsha. Ngokusho yetinsita amaNdiya bazulazula eminyakeni engaba ngu-200, futhi akazange ukukhetha nendawo ababengaqhubela kuyo. Noma kunjalo, ahlala eziqhingini ezimbili ezincane Lake laseTexcoco. Lapha ubuyise amandla izinqolobane bese baya emazweni evunde kakhudlwana esigodini eMexico.

Umi ikhaya lesibili, ama-Aztec waqala indaba yabo entsha. Bakhandwa bachuma abantu ababeka njalo futhi ngendlela ehlelekile athuthukile. Kepha ukuphela kwezinto umlando ifikile ngokushesha futhi kungalindelekile.

Umlando Political

I-Aztec Empire kuze 1440 cishe akukho athuthukile. Yena ngokoqobo abasuke bengene shí izimpi futhi belwa ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala. Kodwa 1440th wafika amandla Montezuma mina, elibamba izinguquko eziningana, kokubili kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho. Ngalo, umbuso yaziwa kuyo eSigodini eMexico. Amandla ibutho laso kuyamethusa ngempela. Ngakho kangangokuba kwezinye izizwe kuza ukuba yingxenye Aztec lizinikele impi.

Isimo lwalukhula, wanezela ezweni elisha. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbusi Aztec aziqonde ngokucacile ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze afeze izinguquko eziningana zokuphatha kanye nezombusazwe. Kuragela rites womhlatshelo. Yiqiniso, ngisho kule nkathi ezimpini ezichitha igazi abayeki, kodwa buhlanjululwe enobudlelwane nawo. Ngokwesibonelo, abaholi zababusi angomakhelwane ababemenyelwe ukubukwa ethumba phakathi izimpi. ngokuvamile yaphela ngemva kokufa kokubili, kodwa umbukwane kwaba esesabekayo ngempela futhi kujabulise.

Montezuma Lesiphakeme

umbusi-Aztec Montezuma Senior Mina waqala ukubusa ngo-1440. kahulumeni waKhe usetha esiyindilinga entsha ekuthuthukiseni umbuso. Kukhona izinto ezimbalwa eziye baba ezinkulu ezazenzeka phakathi 'ngohulumeni waso.

Okokuqala, futhi kuya kuba umhlatshelo ethandwa ukusebenza ngendlela yemidlalo phakathi lithunjwa. I iziqubu yaphela ngemva kokufa omunye wabo, lo wesibili wabulala eziklanyelwe lolu abantu. Nokho, kuze kube ama-Aztec, ngubani athumba isitha esesabekayo kakhulu, wabanika izipho ezihlukahlukene.

Okwesibili, cishe yonke imihlatshelo sithole umongo zezombusazwe. abaholi Eduze bamenyiwe ukujabulela umbukwane wezimpi ezalandela. Njengoba-ke kwenziwa ukuze ukugxilisa ukwesaba nomakhelwane bayo.

Futhi okwesithathu, iyaduma mass nokubulawa. Kodwa, kunalokho, ukusabisa ngokwengqondo kubantu-Aztec, abantu ukubona, yiziphi izijeziso uzobe esabalindele uma kuzothatha ekhanda ukungamlaleli umpristi ophakeme noma umbusi (kamuva isihloko kuzohlanganisa).

Montezuma Junior kanye nezici zayo

Ngo-1502 lo mbusi-Aztec Moctezuma II iba Junior. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, akazange awukhumbule replenishment ezindaweni ezithile. Umsebenzi Aggressive Yiqiniso, enziwa, kodwa izithelo bete ukuletha. Cishe yonke inkathi wokubusa kwakhe Montezuma Junior waphoqeleka ukuba silondoloze ukuthembeka emazweni ekhona: ukuyiveza kuvukela, abavukeli babebulawa ngaso iqedwe.

Like esasisandulele, le umholi ehluleka ukunqoba Tarascan futhi tlashkalantsev. Kwakamuva ngokuphelele umaluju ngaphansi umthwalo egcwele conquistadors iSpanishi, ebanikeza konke abakudingayo. Futhi lokhu kwenziwa kuphela naphezu Aztec uyazondwa.

Imemori ye-Montezuma II wahlala njengoba ohlakaniphile kulenkhulu isikhathi sakhe. Isimiso sezombangazwe sokwanda yamasosha baqhubeka, kodwa umbuso Kwakuthé poslablen. imicikilisho yokusebenzelana Bloody nemihlatshelo wagqoka backburner, futhi yasondela ukuzama ukuletha isimo somnotho isimo zonke izizwe eziningi zombuso. Conquest kwakungeyona, kodwa ungene imifelandawonye ezosiza.

Ukubusa Montezuma II

Ukuze kwesikhathi wokubusa Montezuma II ye-akhawunti izenzakalo zomlando ngendlela ephawulekayo. Lezi zihlanganisa hhayi kuphela ezimpini ezichitha igazi ezilwiwa umbusi omusha wase-Aztec, kodwa futhi nabanye ukuthi musa kuthinte yesehlakalo impi.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1509 i-isizwe ukubukela inkanyezi enomsila. Kwaba Wawethusa ngoba Aztec ngoba babengakwazi ukuchaza imbangela into elikhazimulayo esibhakabhakeni. Abapristi nabo abakwazanga wokufunda umyalezo, nakuba bonke ayeqiniseka ukuthi - amagama onkulunkulu.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka 1512-1514 GG. e Empire kukhona ezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo, uthome ukuzamazama komhlaba eziqine futhi ukuphela kwesomiso global. Abantu abaningi bayafa nokuvuna, kuza isikhathi sendlala. Kumisiwe ku kweminyaka eminingana impi, njengoba kungekho amandla nesifiso sokwenza ukuqoqa amasosha imikhankaso emisha lempi.

Ngo 1515, ngokokuqala ngqa isimo ibhebhetheka khona amahemuhemu okuthi ezwekazini bengamadoda darnel emhlophe. Abapristi zichaza lesi Ngenxa yokuthi wabona ukuthi abantu wonkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke, Montezuma ayinakho izinhlelo uvikele bahlaseli, wayezovuma ukuba babahlangabeze ngezandla ezifudumele.

Ukufa Montezuma II

Lapho amaNdiya eqala ukuzwa mayelana njengabafokazi kusukela nakwamanye amazwekazi, umbusi-Aztec wathumela izithunywa zakhe kubo. Lapho esebuya, babefanele ukhulume isiko abantu abasha, futhi luhlaka kubo. Ngemva kokubukeza ulwazi wathola, kwanqunywa ukuthi Hernán Cortez - hero noNkulunkulu. Ngakho-Montezuma Junior liyala kuze amaNdiya wabingelela abaseSpain ukwamukela futhi enobungane.

Izinsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa sobungane zezizwe ezihlukahlukene ugciniwe. Kodwa, kwacaca ukuthi, umsebenzi Spanish akazange ube nezinhloso ecacile. AmaNdiya, baseYurophu kwakubonakala ohahela igolide njengoba baphanga zonke umcebo, izihloko igolide athathwa, baphanga izindawo zokukhulekela izithombe namathempeli emathuneni. ukubekezela-Aztec yaphela, bashintsha emseni wabo ngokwezinga ukuthukuthela.

Lapho Moctezuma waya endaweni ukunqanda isixuku, wakhandwa ngamatshe. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo sokufa kwakhe. Esokuqala siwukuthi wafa kusukela kokulimala kusukela kwabangani bakhe; ngosuku lwesibili - wabulawa abaseSpain, wanquma ukulwa naleyo mizwa.

imicebo Montezuma

Eyatholwa abaseSpain izindawo ezimbalwa lapho ingcebo efihlekile-Aztec. Ekuqaleni, lapho babesalokhu ezwana nama-amaNdiya, akhiwe yabo fresh ezindongeni enqabeni uhulumeni kutholwe. Ngokwemvelo, banquma ukubona lokho efihlekile ngemuva kwalo. Kwakukhona okuningi ubucwebe, igolide. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi amaNdiya khona ukufihla nezinye amagugu, abaseSpain wanika akukho sibonakaliso ukuthi bayazi yini.

Kodwa Montezuma wazibonakalisa ngobuchule. Wabona ukuthi wokwakha got phezu. Ngakho-ke, umbusi wasikisela ukuba eyatholwa abaseSpain amagugu azo njengesipho. Wabacela ukuba athathe lonke igolide neziphathimandla iSpanishi, ecabanga ukuthi bazophila umbuso. Kodwa izitha kwakufanele, befuna ukuthola igolide ngaphezulu.

ingcebo-Aztec babhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Nokho, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ezinye amagugu baye abephule kuze kube yilolu suku.

isiphetho

Kukholakala ukuthi umbusi wokugcina kwamaNdiya kwaba Montezuma II. Kodwa empeleni akunjalo. Phakathi nempi ne conquistadors Spanish eyenziwa ekuvimbezeleni dolobha yoMbuso-Aztec. Cortez squad njalo wathola ukusekelwa. Ngezinyanga ezimbili nje, sakwazi ukufeza ephelele ukukhathala emadolobheni Indian cishe bonke of them kwabhujiswa.

Ngaphambi kokuwa okugcwele okuvela kuhulumeni Agasti 13, 1521 abantu baseSpain athumba isikebhe on echibini, lapho nezicukuthwane. Babezama ukubaleka. Kube Cuauhtémoc - umbusi wokugcina lwama-Aztec, owayeshade nendodakazi elicinathunjana Montezuma. Yena ahlukunyezwa khona ukuthola indawo lapho omunye amagugu afihliwe. Ngisho ngemva kwezinsuku eziningana ukuxhashazwa akhathazayo Cuauhtémoc wathi lutho.