River Uda: incazelo, isithombe

Uda River, yiwo ogelezela ensimini ka Buryatia, ingenye nemingenela kunazo zonke kwezingu-Selenga. Ubude - 467 km, endaweni umcengezi kuyinto 34 800 sq. km.

igama

Umsuka igama akucacile, kukhona izinguqulo eziningana: kusukela izwi lasendulo Mongolian elisho willow, okuyinto lukhula osebeni lomfula ngokuchichimayo; kusukela uduitov isizwe, ngizoqothulwa ngu amaMongol; kusukela "ude"-Mongolian - "Emini", ngoba, ngokusho legend, amaMongol zamahhashi wokuqala wafika emfuleni ongashiwongo ngegama ngalesi sikhathi sosuku; noma Selkup elithi "ut" - "amanzi".

Nemingenela esisempumalanga yoMfula Uda

Uda asuka emahlathini coniferous eningizimu-ntshonalanga Vitim ithafa, endaweni engamamitha 1055 amamitha. nemingenela Main Muhey (93 km), Pogromka (44 km), Egita (55 km), It (173 km), Kudun (252 km), Kurba (227 km), Bryanka (128 km). Umfula ugeleza ngendlela isiqondiso southwesterly. Isigaba emthonjeni ukuze confluence Ona isiteshi ubabonisa wesifunda inamagquma iqhubezela Vitimsky ithafa ke kuba nesimo sendawo ezimangelengele kakhudlwana, futhi ukugeleza uya phakathi lamagquma ongaphakeme (1200-1800 amamitha), eziningi zazo ngamakhasimende isiqondiso enyakatho-mpumalanga.

izingxenye emfuleni

River Uda futhi Selenga (noma kunalokho, pool abo) ukunweba ohlangothini latitudinal kanye nombala athuthukile nhlangothi zombili. Ngu ubunjalo isakhiwo esigodini emfuleni, ukusakaza kanye kwesigubhu nemibandela Yiqiniso ihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezimbili: kuya confluence Ona futhi confluence yayo emlonyeni.

Esigabeni sokuqala (261 km) umfula ugeleza ngokusebenzisa inamagquma, ezinamahlathi, nezikhathi ezijabulisayo nezibuhlungu ezindaweni - endaweni izimbuku. River Valley ezijulile, kancane watsheka, ukwanda ububanzi kusuka phansi phezulu ikhilomitha nengxenye, kuze 5-10 km ingxenye ukuphela. I ashone emaweni, abe ukuphakama kwamamitha 50 300, eyakhiwa egwadle nye shushuzela crystalline. Uda umfula ugeleza khona ngayo kuwo. Le ndawo dissected nemingenela ezinamatshe eziphansi emifuleni, imihosha ezomile, embozwe emahlathini sezihlahla. Ububanzi isiteshi kuhluka kwamamitha ayi-10 kuya 40-60, namabhange emaweni kukhona emaweni, ukuphakama isilinganiso 1-2 amamitha, kuhlanganise lonke obuphelele igcwele kwezihlahla notshani (pine, larch, birch, zikabhabhulini, willow).

Esigabeni sesibili (206 km) emfuleni esigodini kwimfunda kanye ngokujulile. Kwemfunda kakhulu washiya yasebhange, ububanzi amakhilomitha amabili kuya kwamathathu kude, endaweni-Ulan-Ude, amamitha 20-50 nje. Kuyinto ukudoba elula kakhulu phezu komfula Uda. Ingaphezulu kwimfunda kakhulu Kuhlehliswe ngeziteshi eziningi, oxbow emachibini nemihosha. Ububanzi phansi kwesigodi km 10-15 ukuba 19, amagquma ayo kukhona emaweni, phansi nge masimu, embozwe awugqinsi ihlathi lezihlahla. Esikhathini sifinyelela engezansi emithambekeni iwe, beqeda Amashalofu okubeka kwesifuba kwimfunda emfuleni. Uda River sinuous nesiteshi kakhulu branched, ngaphandle zokugcina amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa. Ububanzi wamanzi, ngokwesilinganiso, kusukela ngo-70 kuya ku-100 m, uJesu oyisibonelo esikhulu kunazo -. Rolls 260 m wahlela at ibanga eziyikhulu amamitha a ikhilomitha komunye nomunye, ukujula kulezi zindawo akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 0.7 m, ku sifinyelela - imitha nengxenye. ukujula Maximum -. 3.2 m River feeds ngokuyinhloko amanzi emvula, kodwa eminyakeni ethile ivolumu abakhwabanisi ifinyelela 30%. Izikhukhula uqale engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli, lafinyelela inani eliphakeme labamemezeli ekupheleni kwenyanga, ne ekuqaleni ukugeleza ice. Amanzi uwela ekupheleni June.

Isimilo emfuleni

Ehlobo kanye autumn emfuleni ezidlula phansi izikhukhula imvula ezinhlanu, kuze kube nini nanini kusuka 20 kuya 30 days. The esiphezulu izinga lamanzi kuyanda ebonwe Agasti no Septhemba. Njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, izimvula abangele izikhukhula. Ebandayo yenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMfumfu noma kuka-November, ice kunesithembiso izinsuku 155-180, futhi sifinyelela ongenhla Uda zilimaze ngokuphelele. Umfula isetshenziselwa yokuphakela amanzi emzaneni Oninoborskogo ukuba confluence yayo ne Selenga wenza amahlathi ingxubevange ngobuningi. Uda kweqa umhlaba ezingcwele eziningana. Kanye sifinyelela aphansi nemiphakathi eziningana kuyo yomibili le loMfula esizalweni somfula iyinhloko-dolobha ye Buryatia - Ulan-Ude. Uda River amumethe zalezi zinhlobo izinhlanzi: Grayling, Tugun, trout, Pike, Cisco, burbot, ngenxa lapho amabhange avame ukubonakala lokudoba. Emahlathini kwendawo Khorinsky ikakhulukazi ngempumelelo ezingelwa amaphiva, eSiberia Roe izinyamazane, izinyamazane obomvu, izingulube zasendle, ama-lynx, ibhere.

endaweni

On the lomfula zikhona izindawo. esigodini ukusakaza amanzi kubhekwa athuthukile kakhulu Buryatia. Ulan-Ude itholakala eduze komlomo futhi aphelela 20 km kuya confluence nge wamanzi main - Selenga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigwaqo emikhulu eminingana elitholakala eduze komfula. Omunye wabo, okuyinto P436 Inkomba oholela kusuka inhloko-dolobha Buryatia ukuze Chita. ubude bayo - 200 km. Eyesibili, ubude 30 km kuphela, osuka Ulan-Ude ukuze Khorinsky. Indlela, okuyinto esihlanganisa emibili emikhulu, bridges igebe kusukela Bryanka (Uda esigodini) emlonyeni Hood.