UMbusi uPeter II: Biography, ikakhulukazi uhulumeni, umlando kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha

Catherine mina uPetru II ebusa ngoba ingqikithi yeminyaka engu-5 kuphela. Nokho, phakathi naleso sikhathi, babekwazi ukubhubhisa eziningi izikhungo ukuthi kwakubucayi wabenza eyandulela okukhulu. Shono uPetru mina ngaphambi kokuba afe futhi akakwazanga ukukhetha ozokwenza okufaneleko, okungase kube ngenhlitiyo lehlantekile ukunikeza sobukhosi.

wokubusa ezingasebenzi Ikakhulukazi kwaba umzukulu umbusi wokuqala Russian.

abazali

Umbusi esizayo uPetru II - lena omele lokugcina Romanov lwamakhosi emgqeni wesilisa oqondile. Abazali bakhe Tsarevich Aleksey Petrovich kanye German Princess Charlotte of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. Uyise wayewukuphela kwengane engathandwa ababeka njalo lophetse uyise grand. Umshado-Alexei kwaba dynastic washada ngemiyalo yezikhulu uPetru I. Princess Charlotte futhi awuzange yalobu ithemba ukuya "Muscovy" njengoba umfazi womuntu engabukeki abasha eziyinqaba, bamshaya indiva kukho.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, umshado senzeka ngo 1711. Umshado yathatha iminyaka emine kuphela, ophela emva kokushona komyeni wakhe umfana lokuzalwa, ogama lakhe behlonipha Umkhulu wakhe, uPetru.

Biography: Childhood

Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa (12 Okthoba 1715), i-emperor esizayo uPetru II kwaba Olwa sesithathu sobukhosi. Nokho, lesi simo eyathatha isikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi umalume wakhe wazalwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Usana waba futhi wabizwa ngokuthi uPetru, kuphambene konke ngokwezifiso, futhi ngo-February 1718 lapho kwathiwa indlalifa ukundlula umzalwane - Alexei. Ngakho, umbusi umzukulu ebuntwaneni sasingesihle futhi oyintandane, njengoba akazange abe umama nobaba ekuqaleni akazange abonise ukuthi sithakazelo esitheni kuye, kwaba sekubulaweni kwakhe. Ngisho ngemva kokufa uPetru Petrovich kwakungelona eduze inkantolo, njengoba umkhulu, ngubani yanquma proekzamenovat isikhulu wathola ukungazi yakhe ephelele.

Umbuzo ka-ngokulandelana

Ukuze yonke imithetho dynastic ngemva kokufa uPetru Ngithatha sobukhosi kwakukhona ukuphela kwendlalifa yakhe emgqeni besilisa. Nokho, iningi lamalungu boyars omkhulu, wasayina ugunyaza ukufa Prince Alexei futhi ezazinesimo sengqondo kuso, kufanele ayesesabela izimpilo zawo uma kwenzeka ka-kuya sobukhosi sendodana yakhe.

Ngakho inkantolo kwakhiwa amaqembu amabili: asekelayo usana uPetru, ehlanganisa abaphikisi bakhe. Lesi sakamuva uyakuthola ukusekelwa esiqine kombusi, obhalisele isimemezelo ku ukuqedwa umthetho ubudala, esangenza ukuqokwa uyindlalifa nkosi whomever elibona Uyakufanelekela ukuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi. Njengoba uPetru engazange isikhathi ukukwenza phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, nabangane bakhe abaseduze - Menshikov - wakwazi ukubeka phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi uMbusikazi uCatherine. Nokho, isikhulu onguMninimandla onke wayazi babeyobusa isikhathi eside, futhi kwadingeka umbono ukushada kuphela Romanov wesilisa ukuba indodakazi kanina uMariya. Ngakho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwakungase baba umkhulu indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi futhi bayobusa izwe kwalo yedwa.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, waze ukubandakanyeka ecasukile Mary Menshikova futhi baqashelwa predoplagaemogo indodana-yindlalifa.

Ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi

Catherine ngafa 6 Meyi, 1727. Lapho intando ayefundwa, kwatholakala ukuthi hhayi nje kuphela ingabe ukhethe umzukulu yindlalifa umyeni wakhe, kodwa futhi wakhipha umyalo wokuba zonke lula isiphelo sesimiso umshado phakathi kwakhe indodakazi ka-Aleksandru Menshikov. Will lokugcina Empress wawenziwa, kodwa kusukela Peter II azifinyelelanga angashada, okunomkhawulo isimemezelo somshado. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezweni waba umbusi wawo Ophakeme Council, basetshenziswa umbusi kwaba usuzoba ekugcineni isivivinyo umbusi.

Peter II: ibhodi

UMbusi ingane ngenxa neminyaka namakhono azo zehlulekile ukuba abuse yedwa. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla kuyinto yokuqala cishe ngokuphelele ezandleni test inhloso yawo. Njenganoma Catherine mina, izwe lalibuswa inertia. Nakuba yizikhonzi abaningi bazama ukulandela izimiso uPetru mina, kodwa wadala isimiso sezombangazwe ngaphandle khona kwakhe kungavumi ukuba lisebenze ngempumelelo.

Nokho, Menshikov wazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukwandisa ukuthandwa phakathi kwabantwana ikosi etja. Kuze kube yimanje, wenzé egameni emibili Manifesto. Ngosuku lokuqala luka-kubo zadingiselwa ejele ngenxa ukukhokha intela ushwele futhi ukhansele serf izikweletu ubudala endaweni yomcebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kakhulu sashintsha isijeziso. Ngokwesibonelo, kwathiwa ayengavunyelwe ukubonisa obala isidumbu seNkosi ababulawa.

Emkhakheni wezingalo namanye amazwe futhi isidingo kade ngoba izinguquko ezibalulekile. Peter II, ncamashi ngakwesokudla kuye, u-Alexander Menshikov, emsebenzini kungancipha ku Hemp ntambo futhi lapho akhishwa, ukuze kwandiswe nengeniso yengcebo, kanye eSiberia noboya endalini ngokuvamile sokuthola imali isimo kusukela isithakazelo.

Enye ayekhathazeke nokuvimbela Menshikov esigodlweni zamenza ukugumbuqela uhulumeni wakhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uyakwazi, wazama ukuba sibe nomusa ozakwabo ezindala. Ikakhulu, yigama kombusi enikezwe isikhundla Field Marshal Prince Dolgorukov futhi Troubetzkoy, futhi Burchard Minikh. Isitatimende njengoba Menshikov anikezwe isihloko umkhuzi abakhulu generalissimo yebutho Russian.

Ushintsho kwamandla

Njengoba bekhula, umbusi osemusha eqala ukukhuluphala abandayo Menshikov. Kule ndaba, indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa Osterman, owayeneminyaka komfundisi wakhe, futhi wazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuyikhipha ekuxhakathisweni umfundi wakhe Serene Prince. Yena ubesizwa Ivan Dolgoruky, ubani ukuba kwakufanela ashade uPetru II, udadewabo Princess uCatherine.

Lapho ehlobo lika-1727 Menshikov wagula, abaphikisi bakhe baye babonisa abasha umbusi uphenyo izinto phezu uma Tsarevich Alexei. Kulawa, wafunda ngendima uyise ka umakoti wakhe waba ukulahlwa futhi ukujeziswa kwabo indodana ka Peter I.

Lapho Menshikov wabuyela emuva umsebenzi, kwathi indodana esizayo kwesokunxele esigodlweni sakhe futhi manje yonke imibuzo kuxoxwa kuphela Ostermann futhi Dolgoruky.

Ngokushesha Prince Serene wamangalelwa ngokukhwabanisa nokuceba futhi ababedingisiwe nomkhaya wakhe Tobolsk onqenqemeni.

Peter II Sam wathutha waseMoscow futhi yamemezela umshado Ekaterinoy Dolgorukoy. Manje wathuthukisa ukuzijabulisa, kodwa siyisimo obuswa izihlobo ingoduso yakhe.

ukufa

Januwari 6, 1730 ngemva vodoosvescheniya eMfuleni eMoscow uPetru II wathatha umbukiso wezempi futhi kulula kakhulu. Lapho efika ekhaya, kwathi ayenakho ingxibongo. Ngokusho ofakazi, e delirium yakhe sekudlulile, wayemagange ukuya udadewabo Natalia, owafa eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambili. Umbusi washona emuva kwezinsuku ezingu-12 futhi waba owokugcina umbusi isiRashiya, wembelwa ezibiyele sika Ekulu Cathedral.

Peter II Personality

Ngokwe-Umlando wabantu ababephila, ibhungu umbusi wayengeyona engqondweni noma Isimiso esithi ukusebenza kanzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba abangafundile, okuyinto akumangalisi uma ucabangela ukuthi ngaye ayikaze umuntu omdala kube nokuqondisa okufanele. uhlale yakhe futhi ukuziphatha okubi okuvame ukubangelwa ukudideka phakathi amanxusa nabezizwe ngafika eRussia futhi wethulwa enkantolo. Ngisho noma ekugcineni wakwazi ukubuyeka ukusinda ebudaleni, akunakwenzeka uhulumeni wakhe kungaba kuhle lizwe.