Umdlavuza we-Lung, izimpawu, izimpawu kanye nokwelapha

Namuhla zonke iziguli zesithupha ezingokwemvelo zihlushwa izilonda zamaphaphu. Umdlavuza we-Lung ukwakhiwa kwezicubu ezimbi ezihlukahlukene ezivela epithelium enonya. Kuye endaweni yendawo yokuhlala, iyinkimbinkimbi, iphakathi nendawo enkulu (exutshwe). Ukufa kulesi sifo, naphezu kokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bezokwelapha, kungu-85% wenani lamacala. Kulezi ziguli, ama-80% ababhemayo abakhuthele. Ukubhema kuyimbangela esemqoka yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngoba ukubhema kogwayi kunenqwaba yamagciwane okuthinta ngqo ukuqala kwesisu. Njengoba kungenzeka, lesi sifo singakhula ngaphandle kwesizinda se -fibrosis ye- pulmonary noma izifo ezingavamile zokuvuvukala.

Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zangaphandle zesifo

Izimpawu zezakhiwo ezimbi emaphashini zithembele ngokuphelele endaweni yokuqoqwa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma i-tumor kwenzeka endaweni ye-bronchus enkulu (umdlavuza wamaphaphu omaphakathi), izimpawu zesifo zibonakala ngokushesha. Okokuqala, kukhona ukukhwehlela owomile, okuyinto, ngokuthuthukiswa kwesisu, kuphenduka umkhuhlane we-muco-purulent nge-veins blood. Uma ukubunjwa okungalungile kufikela usayizi ovimbela ukuphefumula, i-dyspnea ivela. Ngezigaba zakamuva, kukhona ubuhlungu esifubeni, obangelwa ukucindezeleka kwesisu emathangeni aseduze.

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu we-peripheral unendawo yesikhumba ngaphakathi kwe-bronchi encane. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukungafani futhi kutholakala ngengozi ngama-x-ray. Iziguli ezinaleli fomu lomdlavuza zivame ukukhononda ngokuphefumula nokuzizwa kabi emathunjini. Isikhukhula kanye nokuphuma kwegazi kungabonisa kuphela esigabeni sokugcina.

Ababhemayo kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi ukufakwa kwezidakamizwa ezinobuthi ku-bronchi yabo nakho kubangela ukukhwehlela okungapheli okungapheli, okufana kakhulu nezimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ababhemayo bazi ngokubonakaliswa kwemdlavuza wamaphaphu.

I-tumor emangcwabeni emaphashini, njenganoma yimuphi omunye uhlobo lomdlavuza, ubonakala ngokudakwa, ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala okusheshayo, isikhumba esilahlekile, ukuntuleka kwesidlo nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngokushesha.

Izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo

Ukwenziwa komdlavuza emaphashini kunezigaba eziningana zokuthuthukiswa:

0. Ukuqoqwa kwamangqamuzana omzimba.

1. Ukwenziwa kwesisu kuya ku-30 mm ngobukhulu ngokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node.

Usayizi omncane we-tumor (kufika ku-3 cm), uhambisane nokwanda kwamasondo omzimba eseduze.

3. Ukugcoba kwanoma yisiphi isayizi ngokuhluma emzimbeni we-pleura nesondelene: inhliziyo, izitsha, isisu, umgogodla. Kulesi sigaba, kunezinhlelo eziningi zokuxhumana ezihlala endaweni.

4. Ukudumala ngokutholakala kwemithi elula.

Lapho kutholakala umdlavuza wamaphaphu, izibonakaliso ze-X-ray ekuqalisweni kwe-lateral nokuqondile zisetshenziswa. I-bronchoscopy esetshenziswe ngokuyinhloko yinkqubo lapho i-lumen ye-bronchial ifakwa ngaphakathi kwipayipi eguquguqukayo ene-lens enamathiselwe ehlanganiswe ekugcineni. I-tomography ehlanganisiwe nayo isetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukwelashwa kwe-cancer. Kungenzeka ukuqhuba ukusakazwa kwemidiya - ukwethulwa kwekhamera yevidiyo encane ekufakweni kwesigxobo se-thoracic sokuhlolwa kwe-lymph nodes. Uma indawo ye-tumor ikuvumela ukuba wenze i-puncture, kuhle ukuba uthathe isampula yezinto ezihlolwe ukuhlolwa kwakhe.

Ukwelashwa nokubikezela

Lapho ukwelashwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu , zonke izindlela ezaziwayo zokulwa ne-oncology ziyasetshenziswa: ukuhlinzwa, ukwelapha imisebe , i-chemotherapy. I-prognosis incike kakhulu esiteshini sesifo, kodwa izinga lokufa liphakeme kakhulu. Ngo-oncology, ukubikezelwa okungavumelekile kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ubudala beziguli buyiminyaka engama-60 ngokwesilinganiso. Kulawa, ama-50% kuphela aphathekayo aphile iminyaka engama-5, uma lesi sifo sitholakala ezinkathini zokuqala. Uma lesi sifo sitholakale ngezigaba ezintathu, ama-25% kuphela angaphila isikhathi esifushane, ngezigaba ezine - isiguli singasizwa kuphela yi-anesthesia.