Umhlaba Umlando: Turkey eMpini Yezwe II

Turkey eMpini Yezwe II wathatha hlangothi futhi akusekelwe ngokusemthethweni noma yiziphi izitha. Kuphela ngo-1945, izwe iqale impi ngo-Germany naseJapane. amasosha Turkish akazange iqhaza empini. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa isimo sangaphakathi kuleli zwe, futhi enobudlelwane nezinye States ku 1941 - 1945 biennium. bese uzama ukuthola indima Turkey eMpini Yezwe II.

Isimo kuleli zwe ngaphambi kwempi

Ngaphambi izimpawu Okwesibili Umhlaba Turkey sokukhomba eFrance naseNgilandi ukuthi kwavela kusukela 1930, sekube mkhuba izinze. Kuvele umsekeli asebenzayo kulolu hide kwaba UNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle Saracoglu ezathatha okuthunyelwe ngo-1938. Kwake kwathi ngo-April 1939, kwakuhlezi Italy, Albania, Turkey, United Kingdom uye walungiselela iziqiniseko of ukulondeka ukuzimela. Ngo-October 1939 e Ankara esasayinwa isenzo British-French-Turkish ukusizwa mutual. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izwe wayezama ukulondoloza ubuhlobo zokubonisana eJalimane. Ngakho, ngo-June 18, 1941-non-ubudlova isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi kwe amandla. Ngokuvamile, Turkey eMpini Yezwe II ukuwuqondisa phakathi amabhlogo amabili ukuze alondoloze ukungathathi hlangothi.

Turkey e esigabeni sokuqala empini

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kweJalimane kwezinhloko zamaviyo French Iye yaba khona izinguquko kwinqubomgomo eTurkey. It is ngokugcwele kuhanjiswe ku hlangothi, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi bephika isimo sengqondo nonomusa eBrithani. Nokho, ukunqotshwa France futhi eminye impumelelo bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa Germany kwaholela hulumende yezwe ukuxoxisana nobuholi kaHitler. Bona kwaholela ukusayinwa 18 Juni 1941 yobungane futhi okungezona ubudlova sivumelwano. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi eJalimane ngempumelelo yahlasela lamazwe aseBalkan , futhi liseduze kakhulu kuze kube semngceleni Turkish. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, e Ankara namahemuhemu kungenzeka usongo wezempi ngaphansi kweSoviet Union.

Ngakho, ngo-1940, ukubamba iqhaza eTurkey eMpini Yezwe II kwaba ungaqiniseki. Uhulumeni waqhubeka inqubomgomo ikhuluma, ngokusayina inkontileka kwamaqembu alwayo. isikhundla Turkish iba ocacile more emva ukungena eSoviet Union empini.

Turkey ngo-1941

Juni 22, 1941 eJalimane Wehlisé eSoviet Union buhlungu enamandla. Isimo enkulu lalingene shí empini emhlabeni. Ngemva kwempi German namaSoviet Turkey lidlule Juni 25, 1941 iSoviet uhulumeni inothi, okufakazela ukungathathi hlangothi yayo. Ankara uye waqhubeka abanamathela izibopho zabo. Kodwa eminyakeni eyalandela, ikakhulukazi ngemva ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu Soviet ezizwe Muslim eCrimea ne eCaucasus, umuzwa emelene ngempela namaSoviet anda Turkey.

Turkey e 1942 - 1945 GG:. Isimo yangaphakathi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Turkey e iMpi Yezwe II yayisizophela akwenze, ingxabano kwasithinta kakhulu isimo somnotho wezwe lonke. Ilokhu usayizi yebutho anda (ngo-1942 sasifana 1 million amasosha nezikhulu). izindleko zempi ngo-1945 "badla" cishe ingxenye yesabelomali wezwe. Turkey ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ubekade nokwehla komnotho, ezokulima kanye nezokungcebeleka ngokuthi isiko. Lokhu kwakubangelwa mass ukugqugquzela kanye nokwethulwa amakhadi isinkwa e Ankara futhi Istanbul. Umuzi elahlekile izandla zabo, futhi intengo imikhiqizo ezidingekayo kakhulu lakhula. Ngo-1942 yena laqanjwa intela ukuthi kwaba eqoqwe kubanikazi impahla kanye engenayo osomabhizinisi. Lokhu kuye kwaholela eziqinile kunezinkinga zemali, okuyinto kwakuhambisana nezinga ukuhlukunyezwa izikhulu.

Isimo sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe

Turkey ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ku kwanda ubuzwe - Turkism. Lokhu kwabonakala hhayi kuphela izinhlelo inqubomgomo angaphandle elite, okuyinto ezihlobene-USSR. Lokhu labonakala kahle izenzo sangaphakathi uhulumeni Turkish, aqondiswa ku imibono ka-Pan-Turkism, omunye ehlongozwayo ngu Young Turks kanye kuvuselelwe nokucwasa olwasungulwa Atsyz Nehalem River.

Kusukela ngo-1940 kuya ku-1945 e vilaetah (izifundazwe uhlalwe abantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene) eziqhutshwa labuswa umthetho. Kule ndaba, kukhona ngokuvamile ezimweni ukwephucwa engenabulungisa impahla. Ngo-1942, uhulumeni kwakhiwa Sukru Saracoglu, ekuqaleni umkhankaso ezibanzi ze yokushisekela izwe isitayela Pan-Turkic.

Umbuzo zokungena Turkey empini

Kusukela ngo-1943, umfelandawonye anti-Hitler is ekuqaleni ukwenza imizamo ukungena ukushayisana ezinsikeni zawo-Turkey. Ikakhulukazi lokhu kuye kwaba Churchill nesithakazelo. ukungena Turkey empini ezongenza ukuze uvule phambi wesibili Balkans futhi ukugwema ukubonakala amabutho aseSoviet endaweni. Winter 1943 ingqungquthela ebibanjelwe Adana. Churchill uye wazikhandla ukuze athole uMongameli we-Turkish-non-hlangothi. Kodwa izingxoxo abaphumelelanga ngoba yimiphi amaqembu. Turkey eMpini Yezwe II yaqhubeka hlangothi. Nokho, uzwela uhulumeni babe ohlangothini eJalimane.

Ngo-October 1943, abameleli bezizwe Allied bahlangana engqungqutheleni eMoscow. Banquma ukwenza kwenqatshwa eTurkey yokungathathi hlangothi ekupheleni konyaka. Lokhu yayinesihloko kuyaxoxwa ngaso Cairo futhi Teheran izingqungquthela. Nokho, Turkey limenyezelwe zokungazimiseli yayo ukungena impi.

ETurkey ezigabeni zokugcina zempi

Turkey phakathi neMpi Yezwe II kwaholela inqubomgomo ezimbili towards amandla nezimbangi. Ngo-1944, amabutho oMfelandawonye wayeka lokuveza izikhali ezweni. Kule ndaba, uhulumeni Turkish waphoqeleka ukuba ayiyeke le zokuthumela-chrome eJalimane. Nokho, ngo-June 1944, imikhumbi eziningana German lempi langena oLwandle Olumnyama. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni okubi kakhulu kwesimo, kanye oMfelandawonye yafuna Turkey uyeke elala eJalimane. Agasti 2 zonke izivumelwano ekubambisaneni kwezomnotho phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili abangu kukhanselwe.

Ngo-February 1945, i-Conference Yalta iqala umsebenzi wayo. Phakathi nezinkulumo le umbimbi wanquma ukuthatha ingxenye in kwetinhlavu yeziZwe lingaba kuphela kulawo mazwe zawo ezazingqubuzana nezikaNkulunkulu ohlangothini amabutho oMfelandawonye. Kule ndaba, Februwari 23, 1945, Turkey iqale impi ngo-Germany. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ibutho laso azisetshenziswa ekulweni, izwe wathola isimemo sokujoyina UN.

Ingxoxo ye-Straits

Ngemva kwempi, ngesikhathi Conference Potsdam baqala ukuxoxa ngodaba Black Sea sisebunzimeni. Isivumelwano esasayinwa ngesikhathi izingxoxo. Straits okwakufanele babhekwe njengabezinye ngaphansi kokulawula Turkey ne-Soviet Union, njengoba amandla anegunya lesabelo elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu, zokuvikeleka zazo futhi zilondoloze ukuthula esifundeni Black Sea, ayikwazi ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwalezi imizila ngamanye amazwe zinezinhloso nobutha.

Isikhundla wezizwe Turkey kule minyaka post-yimpi

Ngemva kwempi kunqubomgomo eTurkey icaciswe orientation pro-Western. Ngakho, ngifuna ukukubonisa ukwethembeka e-United States, uhulumeni A. Menderes ngoJulayi 1950 eKorea utakule iqembu lamabutho akhe. Turkey kwaba lizwe kuphela eMpumalanga Ephakathi, iqhaza empini enhlonhlweni-Korean.

Ngo-October 1951, leli zwe wajoyina NATO, futhi ngemvume izivumelwano ne Pakistan nase-Iraq. Baghdad Pact atheleka (UK, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan) - Ngaphansi ukusekelwa England nase-United States iyunithi entsha yezempi lamiswa ngo-November 1955. Ngo-1959 kwathiwa siguqulelwa Central iSivumelwano Inhlangano, indlunkulu esemgwaqweni Ankara.

okutholakele

Ngakho, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokuqiniseka, Turkey uye wahlanganyela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili noma cha. Ngokusemthethweni, izwe wahlala hlangothi. Kodwa uhulumeni uthambekele ukubambisana omunye belligerents. Turkey ishiywe ukungathathi hlangothi kuphela ngo-February 1945, kodwa ibutho laso akazange iqhaza empini.