UMikhali Kleofas Oginski: Biography

Russia Modern akuyona ikakhulukazi fan umculo classic. Akusho ukuthi umculo we-classic kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi izilaleli Russian. Ukuguqula laziwe kabanzi futhi abathandwa abantu umculo classic, iminwe okwanele ngesandla esisodwa.

Ngokungangabazeki, le nombolo kuhlanganisa edumile "Polonaise Oginski" (igama lesibili - "Farewell kuya wobaba"), eyayizonikezwa uMikhali Kleofas Oginski (izithombe kulesi sihloko siyazi yakhiwe ekumeni umqambi).

Indoda Polonaise

School umculo Yiqiniso eSoviet bese Russian ezikoleni inikeza ulwazi mayelana lokho wobuciko abadumile zomculo lalotshwa Mihailom Kleofasom Oginskim ngesikhathi emcimbini wakhe wokumvalelisa ezweni lakubo alithandayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi waphoqwa ukuba ashiye Poland ngemva elidumile T. Kosciuszko kuvukela, lapho umqambi kwaba, yabhujiswa. Bright, ukuphila okwanelisayo wahlala izenzakalo ezimangalisayo uMikhali Kleofas Oginski. amaqiniso athakazelisayo yomlando wakhe ebekwe kulesi sihloko.

Life kufana inoveli

Biography Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski ugcwele nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi, ukuzinikezela okusezingeni eliphezulu, umoya zokudala futhi munyu kokunqotshwa elintantayo. Kuyaziwa for emangalisayo elingokomlando: naphezu kwavukelwa anti isiRashiya isiqondiso lapho Mihail Kleofas Oginsky wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo, amaRashiya baye Wayezwelana, besho nokusho ukuthi amashwa, okuyinto ayemphefumulele ukusebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Kodwa iqhaza kwavukelwa incithakalo nesihamba ukuzalwa wobuciko zomculo - kuphela isiqephu omunye ukuphila okujabulisayo yale ndoda emangalisayo. Indlela yokuphila Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski sifana elithakazelisayo adventure inoveli. It is eduze okwakuthandelene umculo, ezombusazwe nothando.

UMikhali Kleofas Oginski: Biography emfushane. umsuka

Umqambi esizayo wazalwa ngo 09/25/1765 th eduze Warsaw, in the izindlu Guzov Mazowieckie voivodship. Ngu umsuka Ahinskis izikhulu kwakungafanele nabasePoland. mlando wabo okhokho Western shayela Ruthenians (Belarusians ezathatha ubuKatolika). Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi bakholelwa kungafaneleka ukuqamba nombhali polonaise abadumile ayiphimisele elithi "Mikayeli" futhi "Michael." amagama Singaqiniseki umqambi abanye ososayensi bakholelwa nawukuthi engalungile: kuzwakala sengathi inguqulo isiPolish "Oginsky" ngesiRashiya njengokukhethwa kukho ukunqandwa phakathi igama ulahlekile.

Izikhulu Ahinskis babeqiniseka ukuthi ekuqaleni lozalo lwabo iphindela umndeni Rurik. Ekhaya, bathatha abafanele lokuzalwa okusezingeni eliphezulu isikhundla sabo. UMikhali Kleofas Oginski kufanele uyaziqhenya wawoyise: they are bonke Grand Duchy of Lithuania, okuyinto wawuyingxenye Rzeczpospolita abasezikhundleni eziphezulu. Lakhe ukhokho kwaba umkhuzi Vitebsk, futhi umkhulu wakhe nobaba akhe abhekisa amabombo le Trakai Voivodeship. UMalume umqambi esizayo Kwakungubani umkhuzi e Vilna Enkulu Hetman yaseLithuania.

kumiswa

Wonke umuntu e abakubo kaMichael ayeqiniseka ukuthi umfana, efana amandulela omkhulu, olungiselwe kudingeka umsebenzi wokuziphilisa omuhle zezombusazwe. Kusukela esemncane abazali ngenjongo abaqeqeshiwe wenyusa indodana, imbona umkhuzi esizayo noma isikhulu sikahulumeni. umfundisi wangaphambili kaKesari Austrian wamenywa ukuba umndeni, omunye wothisha esingcono kakhulu eYurophu.

Labo abafisa ukuqonda sasisibi kangakanani ukulungiswa Oginski amancane, kufanele wazi ukuthi kusukela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ukuqeqeshwa sessions yakhe eyathatha amahora 16. ngosuku. Abazali wathola isikhathi sokufundisa yakhe umculo indodana, futhi aphathe njengento ebaluleke kakhulu lokhu. Boy safaka hhayi kuphela izinto eziyisisekelo umdlalo ezihlukahlukene zomculo, kodvwa bafundzisa ngisho umculo theory. Okuxakayo ukuthi uthisha Mihaila Oginskogo, i Patriot oshisekayo Polish, kwaba umqambi O. Kozlovsky, kamuva owabhala umculo for the iculo lokuqala, bedumisa Empire isiRashiya, "Thunder ukunqoba, kunomsindo! '.

uNgqongqoshe edlubulundayo

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-19, M. Oginski iba iPhini Polish Sejm, futhi wabe esethunyelwa njengoba yinxusa Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian eNetherlands ne-United Kingdom. Ngo amabili nesishiyagalombili Oginski usekhonze njengephayona uNgqongqoshe Wezezimali we Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

I-career brilliant zezombusazwe lonakaliswe yemibango yangaphakathi ezweni, kanye yokuthi kwezinye izindawo e-Commonwealth ngokomlando yayiswa omakhelwane kuphumelele kakhulu futhi enamandla - Russia, e-Austria futhi Prussia. osopolitiki Young kwadingeka ukuba enze isinqumo: wazihlanganisa labo akafunanga sibekezelele izakhiwo, waba omunye abahlanganyeli nokuvukela anti-Russian Tadeusha Kostyushko. Lokubamba lichaza isikhonzi ezisencane, lokhu kuhlubuka kwakungelona esisemthethweni: ukutshala imali izimali zabo, Oginski kudala futhi zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali iyunithi kubantu 2,000, hhayi ngaphandle impumelelo, unrolls umzabalazo yabashokobezi ngokumelene Russian ..

Kosciuszko kuvukela wafakwa phansi amaviyo Russian Empire, Austria futhi Prussia. Kosciuszko yena uthathiwe uMikhali Oginski waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele.

UMikhali Kleofas Oginski: Polonaise

Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi futhi owaziwa ucezu umculo lalotshwa. Oginski ngaphambilini ngempumelelo ihlanganisa umsebenzi zezombusazwe kanye lokusungula zomculo. Ngesikhathi akhawunti yakhe kwaba kakade uhlu eside zezinhlamvu umculo, kodwa akekho kubo kuhlulekile ukuphinda ekuphumeleleni kwalo polonaise edume.

inhlekelele

Kosciuszko kuvukela yaphenduka yinhlekelele Poland. Ngenxa yalokho, lo division esilandelayo indawo yezwe kwanyamalala nebalazwe, Oginski futhi walahlekelwa yikho konke imizi yakhe. Yonke imali ngisho imigexo mbhangqwana abayichitha inhlangano kuvukela, izinhlamvu lokukhokha, izikhali nokudla ukudlubulunda amabutho. Ngenxa yalokho, Oginski wasala ngaphandle bazitholele okokuziphilisa kwaba.

indiza

Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphila kwangasese Mihail Kleofasa Oginski futhi esengozini ekubhujisweni. Umkakhe u-Isabella Michael akazange nalo muzwa komyeni wakhe passionary ngokushesha sasuka kuye, saya ukuhlala nezihlobo. Oginski kwase wedwa ukufihla eYurophu, ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala kanye namagama. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwakukhona ekuzingeleni lwangempela ngaye ezaziwayo. iziphathimandla zaseRussia Oginski ithalente njengoba ezempi kanye osomaqhinga balazisa, uyokwahlulelwa ejele.

Ulungiselela ukuvukela entsha

Phesheya Oginski wahlangana abokufika Polish, uzama ukuxoxisana ukusekela kukahulumeni wamavukelambuso isiFulentshi, ngokuthi kombusi Turkish waphinda ukuqala impi ne Russia. Kodwa yonke imizamo yakhe yokuthuthela zamanxusa kuhlulekile. isiphetho Poland wayengabuzi abajabulisayo nohulumeni bezinye izizwe, ukuba yilo impi entsha ne Russia babengeke. UMikhali Oginski kwaba neligwadulekile kakhulu futhi bedumazekile.

Inkosi yeNetherlands, lapho wayekade yinxusa, wakwazi ukuxoxa Prussian nkosi ushwele Oginski. Inqubomgomo wavunyelwa ukuhlala e Prussia. Kwathatha sihlangane wakhe nomkakhe, namadodana akhe amabili - Tadeusz futhi Xavier. Kodwa ngo-1801-m umbhangqwana ekugcineni behlukana. Mhlawumbe, uMichael ayikwazanga ukhohlwe ukuthi umkakhe bamshiya isikhashana nzima. Mhlawumbe umkakhe ethola ukuthi umyeni wakhe sasingakashintshi, futhi kungenzeka ahileleke adventure omusha zezombusazwe bese usisebenzisa on yonke imali umkhaya futhi.

hairpin goba

Ngo 1802-m entsha Russian uMbusi u-Alexander I kwathiwa ushwele ngoba bonke abathintekayo Kosciuszko Uprising. Oginski nje oFakazi BakaJehova baye banikezwa ilungelo ukuphindela ekhaya, ebuya yikho konke ababenakho.

umusa esinjalo esasenziwe Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ithonya phezu abasha Russian uMbusi Pole Adamu Czartoryski, umnyango nethimba le nkosi sika. Prince Oginski manje kwadingeka ukuba bazohlala Zalessky bakhe izindlu lapho izindlu lakhiwa kuye, wabeka epaki.

ushade

Ngezinye 37 - engu-Mikhail Oginski aphinde ashade. Okhethiweyo Prince iba umfelokazi umngane wakhe oshonile, Bala Nagurskaya, oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala wase-Italy Maria Neri. Prince Oginski wokuphila ukubika ukuthi Ubumnene ngumkayo kwakudlangile ngempela: kwakungenakwenzeka ukubala inani izithandwa zakhe. Kulesi umshado azalelwa izingane ezine - amantombazane amathathu omunye umfana, kodwa ngenhlonipho enye yamadodakazi le Oginski sika, Amelia, abantu besikhathi sakhe akazange fanele khonondo ubuqiniso iSikhulu ubuyise. Nokho, idumela Inkosikazi enjalo embi kwesikhulu, akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa umshado wabo eqhubeka isikhathi eside ngangezinsuku engu-13.

Buyela ezombusazwe

Ngo 1810 the ukuhlonipheka Grodno futhi Vilna izifundazwe uMikhali Oginski wathunyelwa Russian Tsar u-Alexander I njengoba umeluleki ku esifundeni. Candidacy of isihlubuki wangaphambili sasekelwa Mihailom Kutuzovym. UMikhali Oginski wabuyela ezombusazwe, ekubeni yilungu lephalamende Russian futhi ngokufaka labantu esiphathiswe inkosi. Prince wayethemba ukuthi u-Alexander I nekwetfula iphrojekthi kwendalo Grand Duchy ngaphakathi Empire isiRashiya, ukufeza okungenani ukuzimela ngoba izwe lakubo. Kodwa inkosi yakwa-iphrojekthi sinqatshelwe.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngo 1817 Oginski realized lowo he was ukhathele ezombusazwe. Wadedelwa evela ehhovisi lephalamende wabuyela ekhaya. Okwesikhathi esithile, isikhulu wahlala indawo yakhe, khona-ke e Warsaw futhi Vilna. Kwakungekhona kuyihlazo - eRussia ke awazange esidlule.

Ngo 1823 Oginski, onempilo usufinyelele, wathuthela Florence. Lapha isikhulu wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugcina. Sezombangazwe futhi umqambi washona ngo Florence 15.10.1833 th. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi Oginski kusolakala wabulala nge angababulali wagwazwa impindiselo ukuzidela entsha anobudlova. Kodwa izazi-mlando baqinisekisa lezi amahemuhemu cha. UMikhali Oginski ungcwatshwa esontweni Santa Kroche (Florence), e onkulunkulu ubuntu evelele. Eceleni kwakhe amanga izinsalela uGalileo Galilei, Niccolò Machiavelli, Michelangelo Buonarroti noGeorge. Rossini.

A ebhaliwe wobuciko yabo zomculo - a polonaise "Farewell ukuze Motherland" - uyaqhubeka uthakazelisa izinhliziyo zezilaleli.

ukuqashelwa

Ukuze baseRussia, i-Polonaise Oginski ingenye amashuni ethandwa kakhulu. Izitatimende mayelana umculo Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski abanegama yesayensi, ubuciko kanye nezombusazwe kungenziwa kanje ibinzana atholakala encwadini umbhali Russian F. V Bulgarina: "? Ngubani akazi Oginski polonaise". Kwelinye izinhlamvu Repin esikhulu esineziqondiso imigqa enjalo mayelana umqambi: "Akhe gama zonke ezaziwayo kulo lonke elaseRussia." Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando futhi musicologists: polonaise ebhaliwe contra Oginski, kwaba umculo ukuvumelanisa abawinile futhi losers.

umkhiqizo Omkhulu futhi umlobi wayo ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka, benaka abaculi, ababhali, abenzi mafilimu. Fragments umculo okungenakufa umsindo njengoba ukuncenceza ngaphakathi omakhalekhukhwini elisetshenziswa sici amafilimu.

Umlando

It is ukuthi wabhala Umlando wakhe French Oginski ezaziwayo. Ukuhumusha biography Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski ulimi Belarusian wathwalwa Raevskaya owayenguthisha, engadini yesikole (Molodechnenschina) Olga Romanovich ngo-2011. Okokuqala ohlakaniphile Umlando kanye umqambi Mihaila Oginskogo e-Belarusian ngonyaka ofanayo banyathelisa umagazini Arche. Ngo Umlando wakhe, esehlanganise isikhathi iminyaka 1788-1794 kuze Ukuhamba Prince phesheya nangemva kwako olwembiza T. Kosciuszko.

Njengoba kufakazelwa Ch. umhleli A. Pashkevich, Umlando yezindawo ezivelele sibalo kwamasiko kanye setepolitiki M. K. Oginskogo, eyaziwa kakhulu ngaphandle Belarus, bhala isitayela ezinhle tetemibhalo, ngaphandle ukoma, kunalokho, libhekene khona imininingwane eminingi yokuphila yangaphambili. Izinkumbulo Countryman zabo ezinkulu ngeke kube nentshisekelo hhayi kuphela mlando kodwa futhi izilaleli ebanzi, wathi umshicileli Belarusian.