Yayiyini nokuqedwa e-USSR usuka iNhlangano Yezizwe

INhlangano Yezizwe yasungulwa ngo 1919-1920 ukuze ugweme uphinda impi yaba mibi kakhulu. Kubahlanganyeli Versailles Treaty, adalwe inhlangano, ezingu-58 uthi. Okuphokophelwe yi-League ukuze silondoloze ukuthula emhlabeni ngaphansi kohlaka nezimiso eziyisisekelo wesivumelwano, eyamukelwa amalungu ayo: ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu kanye isiqinisekiso ukuthula nokulondeka kwabo.

Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala bokuba khona iNhlangano Yezizwe, liyabonakala igxathu elithathwe Kuye kwaphawulwa. Ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko wesivumelwano, ukungezwani eziningana zamazwe ngamazwe - phakathi Sweden kanye eFinland phakathi Greece futhi Bulgaria - isixazululekile ngu izindlela ezinokuthula. Isivumelwano, ngemvume ku-Locarno ngo-Okthoba 1925, lapho kwaqala yokubuyisana Franco-isiJalimane, waphathiswa zeNhlangano Yezizwe.

Ubani akuzange kube njengokungathi ujoyina iNhlangano Yezizwe

Amazwe ezingekho ku League:-United States, i-Saudi Arabia. Kamuva, ngenxa yokungakhokhi ukuhambisana iSivumelwano SaseVersailles waya emazweni anjenge Germany, Italy, eJapane, iSoviet Union wayebuye baxoshwe iNhlangano Yezizwe.

Ekuqaleni iNhlangano eU.SSR akazange angene amazwe, nakuba isekela kakhulu inhlangano ngokusekela ngenkuthalo iqhaza kule Izingqungquthela kanye nezingxoxo. Ngo-September 1934 iSoviet Union bajoyine League njengoba yilungu lesikhathi esigcwele ke. Isizathu sokuba exclusion e-USSR usuka Yezizwe ayelele ukuhlaselwa kuhlonyiwe ku Finland.

izenzakalo Political eMoscow okwaholela isinyathelo sezempi

Stalin ikhathazekile ukuthi komngcele Finland senzeka eduze kakhulu Leningrad, okuyinto, ngokombono wakhe, basongela ukulondeka kazwelonke. nomholi waseSoviet ekuqaleni abazange ufuna ukuqalisa nomkhankaso wempi kwaholela izingxoxo zokuthula kanye nosizo lempi. Stalin wayekulungele ukuyeka Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo Finns ka Karelia, esikhundleni aphezulu balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukuhambisa umngcele kude impela eLeningrad ezijulile emkhawulweni ukunikeza eSoviet Union a iziqhingi ezimbalwa ngensimu Finnish ngoba elisekela ezempi.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la exclusion e-USSR usuka iNhlangano Yezizwe

isiphakamiso eMoscow kubangele ukuhlukana ubuholi Finnish, wathatha labo ungafuni noma ikuphi ukuhlehla nge amaBolshevik. Ngo-November 26, 1939, cishe 16:00 endaweni emngceleni zaseSoviet esifundeni emzaneni Korean Mainila insimu Finnish kusolakala ahlelwe amabhomu, ngokusho emithonjeni ezisemthethweni, abantu abane bashonile 8 balimala.

Finnish umngcele onogada bethi amagobolondo babevela ezingemuva Soviet. Ngemva kwehora e Maynile Commission owawuse njengengxenye MKVD, okuyinto ngokushesha wabona iphutha ohlangothini Finnish. Lokhu umlilo wanika isikhathi esisemthethweni eMoscow ukuhlasela ensimini Finns, ezicashe ekuvikeleni izwe labo. Yingakho eSoviet Union kwaba okuhlukile kusukela ekusunguleni iNhlangano Yezizwe (1939).

Novemba 28 eMoscow siphuma okungezona ubudlova sivumelwano, ngosuku kufanele kube isitatimende mayelana ukudabuka of ubudlelwano nayo. Novemba 30, amabutho aseSoviet 1939 wawela umngcele Finnish ngemajini enkulu Manpower kanye nemishini. Emlandweni lengxabano ke liye langena ngaphansi kwegama "impi nge-White Finns." Qala-ke engakaze yamemezela, ngisho sobala amabhomu endaweni Finnish amasosha aseSoviet wabaholi eMoscow kunqatshelwe.

Ukubekezela ubuthaphuthaphu iNhlangano Yezizwe

Moscow kudale inkulumo-ze ulwazi uhulumeni Finnish uyisitha abantu. Union yazibiza hhayi umqali, kodwa waba umkhululi. Kodwa eMoscow, ambalwa babekholelwa. Disemba 14 Ngaphandle USSR usuka iNhlangano Yezizwe, besekwe ngamalungu 7 uMkhandlu 15. Nakuba bayingcosana abasekeli, isinqumo sacala kusebenta. Emhlanganweni indiva asizakale main ngokumelene umqali - ukusetshenziswa unswinyo kwezomnotho. Izihambeli amazwe ezifana Greece, China ne eYugoslavia babezithiba ngesikhathi ukuvota, kanye nabamele Iran nasePeru ngesikhathi lokuhlangana, elalingaphandle nokuqedwa e-USSR usuka iNhlangano Yezizwe, ayengekho.

Olusondelayo Second neMpi Yezwe

Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-enkulu emlandweni wesintu ukushayisana olunegazi nokusetshenziswa zenuzi, okwakuhilela 62 uthi ekulweni, okuyinto 80% wonke. IMpi Yezwe II yaqala ngokushesha ngemva zonke wabukela exclusion e-USSR usuka iNhlangano Yezizwe. Ungakhohlwa impi kwegazi e Finland, okuyinto yadilizwa ngokuphelele edolobheni ezweni Helsinki.

Ngemva nje kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II baba ukwehluleka esobala League, nezokugcina, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba ucabangele le exclusion e-USSR usuka iNhlangano Yezizwe. Usuku lokukhumbula lesi senzakalo wawa ngo-December 14, 1939, futhi ngo-January 1940 iNhlangano ime yonke imisebenzi maqondana nokukhokha komnikazi zepolotiki.

Yikuphi wahlupheka ukushiyeka inhlangano

Naphezu isiqalo esihle, iNhlangano Yezizwe ihlulekile ukuvimbela noma yimuphi ayehlasela Manchuria-Japan noma nokudliwa Ethiopia ngo Italy ngo-1936, futhi nokudliwa Austria uHitler ngo-1938 buthaka Yezizwe ukuvimbela ingxabano okwengeziwe emhlabeni. INhlangano Yezizwe saphela imisebenzi yayo ngo-1940.

ukwehluleka ezinjalo kuphela ukufakazela ukwehluleka kwezivumelwano phakathi kwamabutho zezombusazwe. izivumelwano Settlement abanamathela, inqobo nje kuyoyizuzisa womabili la mazwe, noma kuze kube yilapho kungenzeka kwenze izinto ukuqhuba izingxabano zempi. Ngakho-ke, angamalungu e-USSR waphawula ngaphandle iNhlangano Yezizwe (1939).

I impumelelo iSivumelwano SaseVersailles

Ukuhluleka ukuphepha lilonke Yezizwe ziyaqonda ngentuthuko osekuzuziwe kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa yayo, nabaningi Izingqungquthela, imihlangano leyahlukahlukene wezazi labetibambile eGeneva ezindaweni ezifana izinkinga zezimali, impilo, ezenhlalakahle, ezokuthutha nezokuxhumana, kanjalonjalo. Lo msebenzi ezinezithelo waqinisekiswa kuciniswa amalungu angaphezu kwayikhulu komunye wemihlangano-kuzifunda. umsebenzi ezingakaze zibe khona. egameni ababaleki eyenziwa Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen sibalo kusukela 1920, kufanele futhi kugcizelelwe.

Cishe eminyakeni engu-100 edlule kwasinda e-USSR usuka iNhlangano Yezizwe, usuku lomcimbi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, wawa ngo-December 14, 1939. Namuhla kubhekwa owalandela-United Nations League.