Umlobi oyiNgisi John Tolkien: A Biography, lokusungula, izincwadi ezingcono kakhulu

Ngubani Tolkien John Ronald kaRehuweli? Ngisho izingane, kodwa ngokuyinhloko bazi ukuthi umdali edumile "The Hobbit." ERussia, igama lakhe sekuthandwa kakhulu nge ifilimu izikrini ihlelo. Ezweni lakubo imisebenzi babaziwa ngokuthi ekuqaleni njengoba maphakathi nawo-60s, lapho kunyatheliswa umfundi izilaleli amakhophi ayisigidi "INkosi we Izindandatho" ka kwakungenele. Kwaphela izinkulungwane abasha abafundi abakhuluma isiNgisi indaba Hobbit Frodo baba intandokazi. Umsebenzi ukuthi wadala John Tolkien, wathenga yakheka ngokushesha kunokuba "iNkosi Izinambuzane" futhi "umzingeli ku Rye."

I Passion of The Hobbit

Phakathi naleso sikhathi e-New York, wagijima intsha amabheji self-ezenziwe, ufundeka kanje: "Mana Frodo", Futhi zonke kule umoya. kwakukhona imfashini lenhlangano amaqembu e-Hobbit-isitayela entsheni. Tolkien wadala umphakathi.

Kodwa izincwadi ezibhaliwe Dzhon Tolkien, funda hhayi kuphela abafundi. Phakathi abayithandayo lakhe ibingamashumi amakhosikazi angasebenzi, kanye rocket amadoda, futhi pop izinkanyezi. obaba Solid okuxoxwe trilogy eLondon ezinkantini.

Tshela ngokuthi ubani owayemkhulu empilweni yangempela fantasy umlobi uJohn Tolkien, akulula. Umbhali wezincwadi zenkolo wayeqiniseka ngokuthi ukuphila umbhali kweqiniso BakaJehova kusencwadini ethi imisebenzi yakhe, kodwa hhayi Biography of the amaqiniso.

ebuntwaneni

Tolkin Dzhon uRonald kaRehuweli wazalwa ngo 1892 eNingizimu Afrika. Kukhona inhlobo obekukade uyise umbhali esizayo. Ngo-1895 umama wehla naye, waya eNgilandi. Ngemva konyaka kwavela izindaba liyakhuluma ngokuphela kokufa kukayise.

URonald ebuntwaneni (kangaka okuthiwa izihlobo komlobi nabangane) senzeka Emaphethelweni Birmingham. Eminyakeni emine, waqala ukufunda. Futhi nje eminyakeni embalwa, aye wayithola isifiso esingachazeki ukufunda izilimi zasendulo. NgesiLatini uRonald kwakunjani umculo. Futhi nje ujabulele ukufunda izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane nobuqhawe ingafaniswa ngokutadisha yayo. Kodwa, njengoba kamuva wavuma Dzhon Tolkien, lezi zincwadi ezingu-yayikhona emhlabeni eziningi enganele. izincwadi ezinjalo lalilincane kakhulu ukuba ukuhlangabezana nezidingo labo abalifundayo.

ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu

Esikoleni, ngaphezu isiLatini nesiFulentshi, uRonald naye wafundelwa German nesiGreki. Yena ekuseni kakhulu waba nesithakazelo emlandweni izilimi kolimi ngokuqhathanisa, waya imibuthano tetemibhalo, wafundiswa Gothic futhi izilimi Icelandic, ngisho wazama ungadala amasha. ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu enjalo, into engavamile ukuba intsha, predetermined Isiphelo sakhe.

Ngo-1904, umama wakhe eshona. Siyabonga ukuba unakekelwe umqaphi ezingokomoya, uRonald wakwazi ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo e-University of Oxford. okukhethekile Wayengowesizukulwane umlando olimini lwesiNgisi livela kwelesiLatini.

ibutho

Ngesikhathi kuqala impi, uRonald wafunda ngonyaka odlule. Futhi emva brilliant uhlolo lokugcina wayekade ngokuzithandela ibutho. I share sub-uLieutenant wawa izinyanga eziningana Battle olunegazi we Somme, bese iminyaka emibili kokuhlala esibhedlela kwathiwa unesifo "emseleni imfiva".

nokufundisa

Ngemva kwempi, wasebenza phezu iyiqoqo isichazamazwi, bese waba uprofesa ngesiNgisi. Ngo-1925 yanyatheliswa nokulandisa kwakhe omunye ubudala legends zamaJalimane, ehlobo ngawo lowo nyaka John Tolkien wamenywa Oxford. Wayengumuntu usemncane kakhulu ngezindinganiso University adumile: iminyaka engu-34 kuphela ubudala. Nokho, ngemva John Tolkien, ogama biography akukanciphi ezithakazelisayo kuka incwadi, kwadingeka ocebile ukuphila nakho nemisebenzi ekuphenduleni kolimi.

Incwadi ongaqondakali

Ngalesi sikhathi okwakushiwo umlobi hhayi kuphela ukushada, kodwa wazala amadodana amathathu. Ebusuku, lapho zomkhaya iphelile, waqhubeka umsebenzi ongaqondakali kuqalile usengumfundi - indaba ezweni imilingo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nganekwane wagcwala ngokuningiliziwe ngokwengeziwe, noJohane Tolkien ngangicabanga ukuthi kumelwe kulandiswe kwabanye.

Ngo-1937 wakhipha umqulu tale "The Hobbit", umlobi ulilethele udumo engakaze ibonwe. ukuthandwa webhuku sasisikhulu kangangokuba kulaba bamemezeli wabuza umbhali ukwakha kumdlalo. Khona-ke Tolkien waqala umsebenzi amaqhawe akhe. Kodwa Saga zezitho emithathu yafika kuphela ngemva iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Tolkien lonke ukuphila kwavela ulimi yokufakelwa. Ukuqedelela Elvish lwesigodi kokuba namuhla.

izinhlamvu Tolkien

Hobbits - lokhu izidalwa emangalisayo ebukekayo abafana nezingane. Lapho zihlanganiswa ukudlala nokuqinisela, ukuhlakanipha kanye lula, ngobuqotho futhi uyiqili. Futhi Isimanga siwukuthi, lezi zinhlamvu ukunikeza izwe adalwe Tolkien, ukuthembeka.

I protagonist kwendaba yokuqala Bilbo Baggins njalo engozini ukuze uthole aphume obishini zonke izinhlobo misadventures. Anakho ukuba bame isibindi namasu. Nale indlela Tolkien sengathi utshela abafundi bakhe abasha mayelana amathuba angenamkhawulo abanakho. Futhi ngesinye isici izinhlamvu Tolkien sika - uthando inkululeko. Hobbits kahle ngaphandle abaholi.

"INkosi we Izindandatho"

Lokho engikwenzayo wammangaza kakhulu lo profesa kusuka Oxford izingqondo zabafundi bencwadi owayephila? Yini etha incwadi yakhe?

imisebenzi Tolkien sika abazinikele okuphakade. Futhi nabavoti lokhu imiqondo ezibonakala abstract - okuhle nokubi, duty nodumo, ezincane nezinkulu. Maphakathi ngesakhiwo - indandatho, okuyinto lutho ngaphezu uphawu futhi ithuluzi onamandla angenamkhawulo, okungukuthi, lokho amaphupho cishe wonke umuntu ngasese.

Le timu ngaso sonke isikhathi lubalulekile kakhulu. Wonke umuntu ufuna amandla futhi uqiniseka ukuthi bayazi ngobuciko kanjani kumele ushise ngendlela efanele. Tirana nezinye ubuntu Creepy emlandweni, njengoba abantu besikhathi babekholelwa abayiziphukuphuku nabangahlakaniphile ngokungafanele. Kodwa noma ubani ofuna ukuba ukuthenga amandla namuhla, ngeke okuthiwa buhlakaniphile, nomusa ngaphezulu futhi nomusa ngaphezulu. Futhi mhlawumbe, uzokwenza umhlaba wonke endaweni bajabule kakhudlwana.

Kuphela amaqhawe Tolkien ukulahla izindandatho. Kukhona emsebenzini we ngesiNgisi umlobi amakhosi futhi amaqhawe anesibindi, mages zo ongaqondakali futhi ukhona kuyo yonke indawo, amakhosazana amahle ithenda elves, kodwa ekugcineni baba zonke bakhothamele Hobbit elula, owakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wakhe futhi awuzange elingwa amandla.

Eminyakeni yamuva, umbhali esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ukuqashelwa jikelele, wathola iziqu ze-doctorate izincwadi. Tolkien wafa ngo-1973, futhi inguqulo sokugcina "I Silmarillion" lanyatheliswa eminyakeni emine kamuva. Umsebenzi kwaphothulwa indodana umbhali.