Umqondo indlela kwezesayensi

Isayensi yisici ucwaningo, okuhloswe ngalo ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi esisebenzayo mayelana umphakathi, nemvelo, unembeza. Cabanga nomqondo ndlela ungakhetha ukuqhuba ucwaningo izindlela eziqondile futhi algorithm yezenzo.

amakhasi omlando

nemiqondo eyisisekelo indlela labacwaningi babeyingxenye ihlaziye M. M. Bahtinym. sefilosofi Russian wagcizelela isidingo sokuba nolwazi lwesayensi.

Wathi isayensi libhekene yamaSoviet, ukubaluleka, umuzwa indlela yami yokucabanga. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe izindlela ezingasiza ukuxazulula izinkinga sina elihlobene ne ulwazi lwesayensi.

ongakhetha yokufunda

Yiziphi izindlela zesayensi? Umqondo "izinhlobo izindlela" kuyinto okuhlobene ukukhethwa ubuchwepheshe okuqondile okungakusiza sifinyelele lo mgomo Ukusebenzisa umsebenzi ehlelekile.

Umqondo indlela e isayensi ihilela ukuthuthukiswa uhlelo imithetho nezindlela zokucabanga, isenzo esiwusizo, lapho ungakwazi ukuthola ulwazi olusha.

I engavamile ukusebenzisa izindlela zesayensi

Umqondo indlela yezesayensi elihlobene ne izindlela okusekelwe olwazini ngale ndaba. indlela ngamunye has a imvelo ekabili.

Kusekelwe imithetho yesayensi ongaxazulula umcwaningi msebenzi.

Ukwahlukanisa izindlela zesayensi

Manje ukwaba jikelele, ngasese, jikelele izindlela ulwazi lwesayensi. ukusetshenziswa Private okukodwa noma okungaphezulu okulandelanayo wesayensi, okuyinto unayo subject ezivamile cwaningo. Ngokwesibonelo, izindlela ezifanayo esetshenziswa abacwaningi-physics kanye ne-psychology.

izindlela Jikelele yesayensi Site yonke imikhakha yolwazi. Wefilosofi owakha ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa isayensi, afakiwe nase bethole indlela ekhethekile zefilosofi.

ulwazi enokwehla

Uma ucabangela nomqondo indlela isayensi, siphawula ukuthi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana theory kanye indlela enokwehla yenhlangano ka ngokwesayensi ulwazi. Enokwehla ulwazi kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento isamba namaqiniso esayensi ukuthi zakha isisekelo ulwazi theory. Thola kubo, abacwaningi ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo ezimbili ezivamile lokuhlolwa nokuqaphelisisa. Ukuhlolisisa nomqondo indlela yolwazi enokwehla. Okubukwa bezibona ngamabomu ekhethekile into kokuba ihlaziye. Phakathi izici zayo ehlukile, siphawula izici ezilandelayo:

• nesitatimende Ihloso yesifundo;
• izindlela Ukucinga observation;
• ukulungiswa uhlelo umsebenzi;
• ukuqapha into lafundvwako;
• ukusebenzisa izikhali ezahlukene zokuhlola ukuze kufinyelelwe lo mgomo.

Ngenxa okwashiwo etholwe Imininingwane kokuqala mayelana into ngesimo namaqiniso esayensi.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa? Cabanga nomqondo indlela, ikakhulukazi eliyifa layo. Ngu-experiment ziyabonisa futhi ukwamukela ukucwaninga kwesayensi, ezihilela ukukhiqizwa kabusha noma ukuguqulwa into kokuba ihlaziye ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Phakathi nalokho kubingelelana, umcwaningi uyakwazi ukushintsha izimo zalo.

Uma kudingeka, nganoma isiphi isigaba sayo yonke le uphenyo anganqanyulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi abeke into ngaphansi cwaningo ngokuqondene ezihlukahlukene nezinye izinto, simondzawo lapho sizokwazi ukubona angaziwa emkhakheni wesayensi ye izakhiwo kanye nezici lomkhuba evamile.

Umqondo oyisisekelo indlela ukuthi ingasetshenziswa eyayenziwe nokuzala lomkhuba ihlaziye, ngokomthetho ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwawo nokuthi unezinto esingazethemba yolwazi enokwehla noma theory. Ukuze enze le test kudingeka amadivayisi ezikhethekile lobuchwepheshe.

Amadivayisi - amadivayisi anezici ezithile ukuthola ulwazi mayelana izakhiwo kanye izenzakalo okungahambisani lizwakale ngu izinzwa yomuntu.

Ngosizo lwabo ososayensi afeze izilinganiso eziqondile zitholiwe izinto yokutadisha, izici ezintsha. Uma ucabangela nomqondo isimiso, indlela uphenyo, M. Bourne waphawula ukuthi okwashiwo nezilinganiso ezihlobene kokunikezwa kwe-ukugeleza engokwemvelo inqubo. Ekunqumeni into kokuba ihlaziye entsha imigomo abantu empeleni ukugxambukela emvelweni yayo, kodwa akukho senzo ezinjalo kungaba nzima uzihlolele le ndaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ukuze embule izici zayo ehlukile, izici eziyisisekelo.

izinhlobonhlobo experiment

Ikhumbula umgomo esabekwa uchwepheshe, wenza division zokuhlolwa ekucwaningeni nasezizathwini experiment yokuqinisekisa. Inketho yokuqala ukucinga entsha, kanti eyesibili ukuqinisekisa isethi hypothesis. Zinjani le ndlela? Inchazelo cwaningo umqondo ukuze bangabonwa futhi ukubonakaliswa izakhiwo ezintsha, izici qualitative ambalwa of into, okuyizinto ezihlobene ushintsho izakhiwo zalo eziyisisekelo.

Kuye ngalokho likhethwe njengoba into ucwaningo, kukhona experiment kwezenhlalo kanye zemvelo.

Ngokusho indlela eliyifa layo angabhekwa izinhlobo elandelayo izifundo:

• ngqo;
• imodeli;
• yokufakelwa;
• yemvelo;
• real;
• wacabanga.

lwesayensi kuhilela cwaningo, imiphumela akha izici eziyisisekelo into. Esikhathini yokukhiqiza ensimini izifundo Kusolwa ukusicabangela yokukhiqiza of izici ezithile zomkhathi lapho into.

ukumodeliswa Mathematical noma ngokomzimba ukuba ukwazi ukudala onobuhle ezazingaziwa sezinzwa, imikhumbi yezimonyo, izindiza nezimoto.

ukuqhathanisa

Ukuhlaziya nomqondo indlela ucwaningo, kubalulekile ukukhomba bese uqhathanisa. Kuyinto lokhu indlela yolwazi ososayensi abakubheka ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu indlela enokwehla lokuthola lokufanako nalokwehlukile emkhatsini izakhiwo Into ihlaziye.

Njengoba ibe yintfo lekhetsekile ukuqhathanisa nokulinganisa angabhekwa. Phakathi ke ukuzimisela we ubuningi esibonisa degree of property into ihlaziye. Eyenziwa eluqhathanisa value, eyamukelwa iyunithi ukubala ngamunye. Kuphela uma usebenzisa nesilinganiso kungenzeka ukukhuluma ngomthelela lokuhlolwa nokuqaphelisisa.

namaqiniso esayensi

Basuke kubhekwe uhlobo khona yolwazi enokwehla. Lo mqondo linencazelo ethile. Umbuzo wokuqala lomkhuba langempela. Amaqiniso ukuphila zingahluka kusuka lezo etholwe ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa laboratory kanye izilinganiso.

Lezo zinto, okuyinto asethwe enqubeni cwaningo zokuhlola lezinto ezithile zingahluka kusuka isethi yokuqala umbono. Kuyinto sibonga ubunye theory kanye umkhuba ukwakha isithombe esigcwele into efundwayo.

Eqinisweni ngempela isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Zihlanganisa imininingwane Isimo samanje, inqubo wokulungiselela, nokuchaza imiphumela. amandla wayo lomkhulu nokuhlinzekwa kolwazi emaqinisweni esibandakanya ukudalwa umfanekiso ezibukwayo, kanye nemingcele yayo. Nge amaqiniso kuvula mkhuba omusha, wenze ushintsho isithombe akhona endabeni ethile noma ngomqondo othile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze afeze ngokugcwele yesayensi ukuhlaziywa ezibalulekile qualitative imiphumela etholwe ngokuhamba isilingo. Le nqubo kubhekwa ngesisekelo theory kanye methodological for kumiswa isiphetho theory mayelana into.

Ngaphezu ohlangothini yokudla amaqiniso bazitshela futhi isisekelo methodological. Ngokwesibonelo, endabeni lapho ekhankasela ukhetho, ukhetho imiphumela isetshenziselwe ucwaningo oluhlukile lwezenhlalo. Kulesi sisekelo bona ukuhlola amathuba abo for kokuphothula kokhetho. Ngokuvamile kunezimo lapho kukhona ukuphikisana phakathi imiphumela. Kungaba ukuchaza yokuthi amasu ahlukene zazisetshenziselwa cwaningo.

isiphetho

Emlandweni wesayensi savela amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinguquko oluphawulekayo lwenzeka ke. Kodwa lezo zindlela okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze uthole isifundo egcwele into akukashintshi. Emagrafu, emashadi, imidvwebo, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izifundo zanamuhla ngokunembile ngesisekelo izindlela ezihlukahlukene ngokwesayensi.

okutholwe yisayensi esenziwe ngaphambili, okwamanje evivinywa imishini yesimanje. Njengoba kumiswa ulwazi yesayensi, yobuchwepheshe kuhlanganise ngcono kunqunywa iqiniso yabo, bakwazi, isidingo ukusebenza umkhuba. Lapho generalizing amaqiniso ethile etholwe ngokubhekisisa zokucwaninga, akha umbono olulodwa kwezinye into. Invariance izindlela ezehlukene ngokwesayensi ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukutadisha algorithm, umphumela okufanele athole okufanayo.

Uma sicabanga Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo efanayo noma into ethize ngokusebenzisa imali ebanjwayo kanye lokungeniswa, okuyizinto futhi izindlela zesayensi, kungenzeka ukuthola ulwazi olunembile ngaye.