Umthombo Bakhchisarai: ejwayelekile amapayipi design noma yothando?

Umthombo Bakhchisarai, noma njengoba ibizwa, i- "umthombo wezinyembezi", lakhiwa 1764 by umakhi Persian Omer ezikhethekile ukwakhiwa ukunethezeka abanegunya. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani ummeleli Shiite Iran wahamba uwayosebenzela omunye iziphuphutheki we-Turkish - Crimean Khan. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-umbango Turkey nase-Iran (iPheresiya), neNtaliyane kwadingeka zezombusazwe hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izimpande ngemibono. Evelele e-Iran, Shia Islam kwadingeka abanye umehluko zenkolo phakathi Sunni, esenziwa ngo-uMbuso WaseTurkey nabasizi balo nezikhonzi. Ukumemezela nomunye ngoba kuthiwa bayizihlubuki, emazweni amabili ayengoMahaloni impi okungapheli kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Nokho, kusukela forties kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili weza kuthula semidesyatipyatiletnee. Mhlawumbe babelisebenzisa lelo thuba, umakhi abadumile Persian waya eCrimea, futhi waba "isivakashi isisebenzi", anenzele isimangaliso encane - Umthombo Bakhchisarai.

Bakhchisaray, YaseCrimea isikhungo wamanje yesifunda esikhathini esidlule, yayiyinhloko-dolobha YaseCrimea Khanate, uyoletha asemrarweni komakhelwane babo enyakatho - eRussia, Ukraine kanye Commonwealth. Krymchaks wenza ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa ezweni eCaucasus.

Ngo Bakhchisaray kwaba yokuhlala YaseCrimea Khan - esigodlweni esihle esikhathini sethu is ezisohlwini uhlu izikhumbuzo ukubaluleka ezweni isiko. Emzamweni ayifake phansi nomqondo wabo wokuthi ipharadesi, abaklami Muslim wadala "Isigodlo Orchard" (njengoba lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu YaseCrimea Tatar ulimi negama lomuzi Bakhchisaray). Umuzi ukweleta ukubonakala kwawo kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwendlu yakhe. Lapho ekuqaleni ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, YaseCrimea Khan kwakubonakala ukuvala ke-rate yakhe, wanquma kwakhiwe esisha.

Isigodlo I Khan itholakala emithonjeni emibili. Omunye wabo okuthiwa "i-golden" ngenxa Plating igolide nomhlobiso elifanekisela iNsimu yase-Edene. Eyesibili ibizwa ngokuthi "umthombo wezinyembezi" ngenxa legends romantic ukuthi wezwa Pushkin phakathi nohambo lwakhe YaseCrimea. Ngokusho yetinsita omunye wabafazi Khan anobuthi omunye, lapho inkosi eCrimea wayemsekela ngaphezulu. Usizi lokushonelwa obushade Khan wamtshela ukwakha 'umthombo wezinyembezi ". Ngenxa ithalenta Pushkin, le ndaba uguqulwe umsebenzi owaziwa, echaza ingxabano Zarema Georgians futhi Litovki Marii uqede ukufa lakamuva.

"UMthombo Nezinyembezi" kwaba igama tetemibhalo "Umthombo Bakhchisarai" isihloko enkondlweni. Lapho Pushkin wavakashela Bakhchisaray wayesemathuneni eko zakhe, engu romantic kakhulu. Njengoba sazi ukuthi u-Alexander kwaba futhi imbongi, ukuthi kuyinto double romantic, ukuzwa ndaba ayikwazanga behluleka kuye umxhwele, akakwazanga ukudala inkondlo ekhuluma Umthombo Bakhchisarai! Pushkin wabhala umsebenzi elincane iminyaka emibili. Wathweswa iziqu ngo-1823, futhi ngo-1824 yanyatheliswa.

Mangisho ukuthi ngokuya izakhiwo UMthombo Bakhchisarai into yokuqala, izakhiwo yalolu hlobo zivamile emhlabeni Muslim. Adume Umdwebo noKarla Bryullova, eyabhalwa ka Pushkin senkondlo, inikeza umqondo okungalungile ngokuphelele ukuma mthombo empeleni kuyinto asifane ekuklanyweni evamile empompini.

Kodwa lokho amandla master! Shono isihloko zokuhlonipha ka "umsunguli we yolimi lwanamuhla Russian tetemibhalo", ngokuvumelana izincwadi eziningi, waklonyeliswa Pushkin! Umthombo Bakhchisarai sibonga ithalente genius kusukela i-elementi ajwayelekile landscape izakhiwo sekuwuphawu ka romanticism.