Umuntu we-Renaissance: umuntu ngamunye

Umuntu we-Renaissance, noma "polimat" (umuntu wendawo yonke) ubuntu obusungulwe ngokugcwele onolwazi oluningi futhi onguchwepheshe ezinkambweni eziningi zesayensi.

Incazelo ichazwe kakhulu ngenxa yabaculi abavelele, abacwaningi abakhulu nabacwaningi benkathi yokuvuselelwa kweYurophu (kusukela ngo-1450). U-Michelangelo Buonarroti, uGalileo Galilei, uNicolaus Copernicus, uMiguel Servetus, uLeon Battista Alberti, u-Isaac Newton ngamagama abaluleke kunazo zonke abantu ababengabaphenyi ezindaweni eziningi zesayensi nobuciko. Kodwa, mhlawumbe, ummeli oqhakazile, indoda yangempela ye-Renaissance-Leonardo da Vinci. Wayengumculi, injini, i-anatomist, enesithakazelo kwezinye iziyalo eziningi futhi wazuza impumelelo enkulu ezifundweni zakhe.

Igama elithi "polymath" landulela i-Renaissance, livela egameni lesiGreki elithi "polymathes", elingasetshenziswa ngokuthi "unolwazi oluningi" - umqondo owawubaluleke kakhulu kuPlato no-Aristotle, abacabangi abaningi bezwe lasendulo.

ULeon Battista Alberti uthe: "Abantu bangenza noma yini uma befuna." Lo mbono wawuqukethe izimiso eziyisisekelo zobuNtu bobuNtu bokuBusa ubuNtu, okwakubonisa ukuthi lowo muntu akanamkhawulo emakhono akhe nentuthuko. Yiqiniso, umqondo othi "umuntu wokuvuselela kabusha" kufanele uthathwe kuphela kubantu abanesipiliyoni abazama ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo kuyo yonke indawo yolwazi, kwezobuciko, ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba, ngokungafani nabanye abantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi, abaningi emphakathini ophansi.

Abantu abaningi abathola imfundo, bafisa isikhundla "somuntu jikelele." Bahlale bezithuthukisa ngokwabo, bathuthukisa amathuba abathola, bafunda izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, benza ucwaningo lwesayense, baqonde futhi bachaze izinkinga zefilosofi, bawazisa ubuciko, bezemidlalo (bafeza imizimba yabo). Ngesikhathi sokuqala, lapho umqondo wawuchazwa ngokujwayelekile, abantu abafundele babe nolwazi oluningi - imisebenzi yabacwaningi bamaGreki namafilosofi (imisebenzi eminingi yalahleka emakhulwini eminyaka alandela). Ngaphezu kwalokho, indoda yokuvuselela kwaba ukuqhutshwa kwemikhuba yobuciko. Amaqhawe ase- Middle Ages zakuqala, njengoba wazi, babengabantu abafunda nokubhala, izinkondlo ezizwakalayo nobuciko, babe nemikhuba emihle, futhi bajabulela ukuzimela (ngaphandle kwemisebenzi kumbusi we-feudal). Futhi ilungelo lomuntu lokukhulula yilona lihloko eliyinhloko lokubambisana kwabantu ngokobuKristu.

Ngokwezinga elithile, ukuhlonipha abantu kwakungeyona ifilosofi, kodwa indlela yokucwaninga. Abantu babantu bakholelwa ukuthi indoda e-Renaissance kufanele ifike ekupheleni kokuphila kwayo ngengqondo emangalisayo nomzimba omuhle kakhulu. Konke lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokufunda njalo nokuthuthuka njalo. Umgomo oyinhloko wobuntu kwakuwukudala umuntu wendawo yonke ozohlanganisa ukuphakama kwengqondo nangokwenyama.

Ukuvulwa kwamatheksthi asendulo kanye nokwakhiwa kokunyathelisa kuye kwadumisa ukufunda futhi kwavumela imibono ukuba isakaze ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni kweRaissance, isayensi yezenhlalakahle iye yasungula ikakhulukazi . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi kaNicholas of Cusa (1450), eyandulela ukubuka komhlaba kwe-Copernicus, yafaka ngezinga elithile ukuqala kwezesayensi yemvelo. Kodwa nokho isayensi ye-Renaissance kanye nobuciko (njengoba iyala) yayixube kakhulu ekuqaleni kwenkathi. Isibonelo esicacile yilo mqondo omkhulu kaLeonardo da Vinci, ongumdwebi ovelele, ubizwa nangokuthi unguyise wesayensi yanamuhla.