Uphi i-Field Maiden's? Umlando kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Idume leMoscow yaseMoscow elidumile liye lalingiswa emgqeni omude, eqala ngokwemvelo kusukela eNdizeni Yegadini futhi iphele eN Novodevichy Convent. Imingcele ingacatshangwa empumalanga Malaya Pirogovskaya, entshonalanga - iPogodinskaya street. Emkhakheni weNdawo kaMaiden sikaBolshaya Pirogovskaya. Lezi zitaladi kuze kube ngo-1924 zabizwa ngokulandelana nge-Great and the Lesser Tsaritsyn. Kule ndawo kwakukhona inkantolo yeNdlovukazi u-Evdokia Lopukhina - umkaZar Peter I.

Insimu yegama lomama. Uvelaphi?

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le ndawo ibizwa ngegama le-Novodevichy Convent, esasithandwa yi- princess uSophia ngokwakhe ekhulwini le-17. Ezinye iziphakamiso nazo ziphakanyisiwe, okulandela ukuthi insimu yaseMaiden yakhiwa ekuqaleni. I-Moscow esikhathini esingaphambili ikhethe lezi zindawo zemikhosi. Khona-ke sekuvele kuvele ngokuphambene nalokho - i-monastery yayinegama layo kusuka endaweni eseduze.

Enye yezinguquko zemvelaphi yegama le-Virgin's Field ithi ngesikhathi samaTatar-Mongols izakhamuzi zasemizaneni yendawo zaletha amantombazane amahle kakhulu lapha futhi zazithumela ku-Golden Horde ngenjongo yokukhokha intela. Inguqulo yesibili imnandi kakhulu. Igama lensimu livela ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo lapha kwakukhona izikhukhula ezikhukhulayo, ezinkabeni zamadolobhana ezidliwayo emini, futhi kusihlwa bahlela amaqembu, benza amidansa, bahlabelela, badlala imidlalo ehlukahlukene.

Indawo yemikhosi enkulu

Emlandweni waseMoscow, i- Maiden Field iyaziwa kakhulu ngemikhosi yayo emikhulu, imikhosi. Ekuqaleni, amaholide ayeyingxenye yesonto kuphela, usuku oluyinhloko kwakuwukukhulekela kwesithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu kaSmolensk. Ngodumo lwakhe, i-Novodevichy Convent yakhiwe ngempela. Ngemuva kwalokho, imikhosi yasePodnovinskie yathuthela eMasiden's Field, ethandekayo yizakhamuzi. Ngokuvamile kwakukhona abaculi abadumile bamazwe angaphandle abahamba lonke elaseRussia. Okuthandwa kakhulu emphakathini kwakuyizigqila uZhenya Latour noPinetet. Umgcinimafa waseRussia waze wabeka imali eyakhelwe lapha. Kuyo ukuze kulungiswe abantu abahambayo abahambayo mahhala. Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi esifanele inkundla yaseshashalazini yaqedwa. Ngomnyaka ka-1771, weka ukusebenza ngenxa yesigameko sesifo, begodu ekugcineni iziphathimandla azange zinike imali yokulondolozwa kwayo.

Coronation of Nicholas I

Noma kunjalo, imikhosi ensimini ayizange ime. Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe emcimbini wokuzibuza okwenzeka lapha ngo-1826. Lo mkhosi wanikezelwa ukulungiswa kweTar Nicholas I. Ngomndeni wakwa-Emperor kanye nezivakashi eziphezulu, i-rotunda yakhiwa eMasiden Field, nxazonke kwakukhona imidwebo yezithombe ezihlotshisiwe. Ukumenywa emikhosini kwakukhona nabajwayelekile. Kwabo, endaweni evulekile, amatafula ajwayelekile ayehlanganiswa nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okulula: zonke izinhlobo zokudla, ubhiya, uju, izithelo, ama-hams aphemayo, inyama ethosiwe nokuningi okuningi. Eduze kwakukhona imithombo ngewayini (2 ezinkulu nezincane ezingu-16), ngokuqondile kusuka emacuzini amhlophe iwayini elimhlophe nelomvu. Insimu yentombazane yayilungele ukuthola izivakashi. Leli holide lakwaziswa kabanzi, futhi isixuku esikhulu sokudla okukhululekile safika kule ndawo. Lapho isibonakaliso sizwakala ekuqaleni kokudla, abantu baqhuma imithombo, amatafula, ngesiphepho. Isixuku sikhukhula yonke indlela endleleni yaso, futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimemezelo sakhishwe, sebenzisa ngezibonakaliso. Ngengxenye yesine yehora kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola indawo ehlotshiswe ngokucebile. Isixuku sashintsha yonke into yaba yincithakalo: amatafula, izihlalo zaphulwa, ukudla kwaqothulwa endabeni yemizuzwana, lezi zemibukiso zabhujiswa. Lapha lapha iholidi selivele.

Ngemuva kwalesi sigameko, yonke imikhosi yokuzijabulisa kule ndawo yahlanganiswa. Benza kuphela ukuhlolwa kwezempi kanye nokuzivocavoca kwesosha lapha. Kuphela ngo-1864 i-Devin's Field yavuselelwa imikhosi yasePolnovinskie, kamuva yaqala ukubamba imikhosi emikhulu yeviki lePancake ne-Easter.

I-Novodevichy Convent

Ngesikhathi esiseMaiden Field, wonke umuntu uyaqaphela indawo yakuNovevvicvic Convent. Uholela ku-Prechistenka, ngokusobala, igama lalo libangelwa ukuthi umgwaqo uholela eNduneni yaseMododevichy, lapho kwakukhona khona indawo engcwele - isithonjana seVirgin-Pure Iningi. Ngaphezulu kwezindonga zendlu yezindela kukhona umbhoshongo wensimbi ehlukahlukene. Phakathi kwezakhiwo eziningi zezindela, iSmolensk Cathedral nayo ibonakala kusukela eMaiden Field, eyakhiwa ngenkumbulo yenkululeko yeSakhiwo saseSmolensk ngo-1525.

Kakade ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuba khona kwayo i-Novodevichy Convent yaziwa njengomnotho ocebile kakhulu we-feudal. Esikhathini sekhulu le-XVII i-monasteri yayinezindawo eziningi zaseRussia, wayebhekwa njengomnikazi wezwe elikhulu. Lapha kwakunamakhosikazi uSophia Sophia, uma u-Godunova, u-EF Lopukhin. Lokhu kuchaza isithakazelo esikhethekile esitokisini sezingxenye zeziphathimandla kanye nokusekelwa okuhle kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ngekhulu le-15 leminyaka, kusukela ohlangothini olusentshonalanga yeMasiden Field ukuya eMfuleni waseMoskva, igceke lobhishobhi waseRostov, elizungezwe ngamadlelo amancane abasebenzi balo, seluletshiwe, manje imigwaqo yaseRostovsky ikhona kule ndawo. Le ndawo ngalezo zinsuku yayibizwa lapha i-Dorogomilova Sloboda.

Umlando weDolobha laseMtholampilo

Isakhiwo salo sashintsha indawo yaseMaiden ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kwakuxhunywe eduze ne-faculty yezokwelapha eMoscow State University. Inani labalaleli landa, kwakungekho izihlalo ezanele emahholo ezikhungo zemfundo eRozhdestvenka naseMokhovaya. Ngo-1884, uhulumeni waseMoscow wanquma ukudlulisela umhlaba e-yunivesithi mahhala emkhakheni womsikazi ekwakheni izikhungo zezokwelapha nemitholampilo yiyunivesithi. Indawo eyabelwe inani lalingamahektha angu-18. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1882, umthengisi uMorozov wanikeza ama-hekta angu-6 ezwe eliseduze. Isipho safika endleleni. Ngezindlela zikaMorozova noPaskhalova izakhiwo zokuqala zeminyango yezifo zengqondo nezithiyo zakhiwe.

Kwaqala ukwakhiwa kweDolobha laseMtholampilo. Umqalisi wokwakhiwa kwakhe wabe eseyi-odokotela ohlinzayo odumile - uN. V. Sklifosovsky, ngo-1880-1891 - uprofesa wunivesithi. Idizayinkile iDolobha laseMtholampilo eKorstantin Bykovsky.

Isikhulu esiphezulu sasiyi-1887, ngemva kokuba u-Alexander III avunyelwe ukulinganisa kanye nomsebenzi u-Bykovsky.

Ukuqedwa kokwakhiwa

Insimu yentombazane, isithombe esivumayo ukulinganisa kwensimu, yaqala ukugcwala izikhungo zezokwelapha. Idolobha laseMtholampilo lakhula. Uhulumeni waxhase ukwakhiwa, kodwa futhi iminikelo yokusiza izamabhizinisi yaba nendima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwemitholampilo kanye nezikhungo.

Ngo-1897 ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa. Ngenxa yalokho, imitholampilo engu-12, izikhungo eziyi-1 zezikhungo kanye nezikhungo eziyisishiyagalombili zakhiwe eMoscow State University. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umlando wensimu yaseMaiden uhlobene eduze nokuthuthukiswa kwemithi eRussia, futhi kamuva iSoviet Union.

Mayelana nemikhosi enkulu, baqhubeka iminyaka eminingana emva kokuvulwa kweDolobha laseMtholampilo. Kodwa ngo-1911 badluliselwa ePrnya. Umsindo owakhiqizwa waba nomthelela omubi empilweni yeziguli, futhi ngesicelo sabasebenzi basekliniki, uHulumeni wanquma ukuwuhlehlisa. Ngo-1930, ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha babuguqulwa baba yi-First Medical Institute, kamuva eyathola isihloko seSechenov.

Kuze kube manje insimu kaMaiden ibhekwa njengendawo esemqoka lapho imitholampilo yezokwelapha ehola ingagxili eMoscow kuphela, kodwa naseRussia yonke.

Imitholampilo

Yimiphi imitholampilo e-Maiden Field eyakhiwe?

Ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa ngo-1890:

• Umtholampilo wokwelapha udokotela uZakharyin;
• I-Sklifosovsky yokuhlinzeka;
• Imitholampilo yezifo zesifo;
• Umtholampilo wezingane Filatov;
• I-Institute of General Pathological Anatomy kaKlein;
• I-Institute of General Pathology, Pharmacology, Hygiene.

Ngo-1892, imitholampilo yesibhedlela:

• Ukwelashwa kuka-Ostroumov;
• Ukuhlinzwa;
• Propaedeutics yezifo zangaphakathi;
• Izifo zamehlo.

Ngo-1895, kuvulwa i-laboratory yomtholampilo yomlomo, umphimbo, nekhala.

Manje izikhungo zemikhakha yokuhlinza nokwelashwa zibheke eBolshaya Pirogovskaya. I-Ostroumov edumile yahola umnyango wezokwelapha. Emtholampilo wakhe nge-pulmonary hemorrhage layisa i-AP Chekhov.

Isakhiwo esihle kunazo zonke seMtholampilo waseMtholampilo ngumtholampilo ojwayelekile wokubeletha, owakhiwa ngumklami uZalessky futhi wavulwa ngo-1896. Manje lesi sakhiwo sine-rector ye-MMA. Ngaphambi kwesakhiwo kukhona isikhumbuzo seSechenov - umsunguli wesikole sezemvelo, waklanywa ngo-1958 yiKarbel.

Eningizimu-ntshonalanga izakhiwo ezimbili ngesitayela se-neoclassicism - isigaba se-pathoanatomical kanye nomtholampilo wezifo zesikhumba. Ngo-1960, isikhumbuzo sakhiwa kumdwebi wase-Abrikosov wePostnik.

Mikhail Bulgakov

Umlando uxhumeke kakhulu lapha nomuthi kangangokuthi ngisho nomlobi uMikhail Bulgakov, owayehlala lapha kusukela ngo-1927, wayengudokotela ochwepheshe. Indlu yakhe ensimini yaseMaiden yayihlale ivulekile izivakashi. Izivakashi ezivame ukungena kuzo i-Ilf noPetrov, Olesha, abadwebi beMKhat Yashin, Khmelev. Ngo-1930, uBulgakov waqala umsebenzi wakhe kwi-Art Theatre. UMikhail Bulgakov wayehlala lapha nomkakhe uLyubov Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya. Ngokushesha uzalwa nomlando odumile othi "The Master and Margarita", ogama lakhe langempela lalingu "Ubonisana nenselo." Inkosi yasebenzisa umdlalo "Kabala svjatosh" nendaba "Moliere".

Isikwele

Imicibisholo yemigwaqo yaseBolshaya Pirogovskaya no-Elanskogo izolethwa ensimini yomphakathi yaseMaiden Field. Lesi sici esisodwa esisodwa esishiye insimu asikwakhiwe. Kwakukhona kule ndawo lapho imikhosi yemikhosi evuliwe lapha kusukela ngo-1864 ibanjwe endaweni. Njengoba sesitshele kakade, emva kokwakhiwa kweDolobheni laseMtholampilo, kumnandi ngokumemeza ngesicelo se-faculty yezokwelapha kudluliselwa ePunnya ngo-1911. Izindawo zendawo, izikwele, i-boulevards zanquma ukuphenduka ipaki enkulu, eyakhiwa ngo-1912-1913.

Ibala elihlaza, eliqhakazile lihamba manje nonxantathu, elakhiwa yiBolshaya Pirogovskaya, i-Elanskaya street, eya ePlyushchikha, kanye nokuhamba kwendawo yeMaiden Field. Imifino enemibala, izindlela ezilungiswe kahle, umthombo, amabhentshi - ukuthula kokuthula, ngezinye izikhathi awukwazi ngisho nokukholelwa ukuthi iNdiza YeJardin iseduze kakhulu. Ekhoneni lesikwele kukhona isikhumbuzo kuFilatov, udokotela wezingane, owayephethe umtholampilo wezingane oseduzane.

Ithempeli likaMichael

Akukude nomtholampilo wezinkinga zokubeletha nezinkinga zokubeletha yithempeli likaMichael emitholampilo e-Devichi Field. Wabhalwa emsebenzini weNikiforov, uMeissner engxenyeni eyinhloko yedolobha laseMtholampilo. Le pearl, ehlobisa isakhiwo esibhedlela, inikeza ukuphelela nokuthembeka.

Ngo-1894 u-Alexander III wamukela uhlelo lwabadwebi, futhi ngokushesha ithempeli lafakwa. Le nsimu yayiphethe isikhundla esiphezulu eMtholampilo. Kube nencazelo engokomfanekiso, izinsana zazalelwa esakhiweni se-obstetric. Ebandleni elifanayo babevame ukubhapathizwa. Kwavela kokubili impilo engokwenyama nangokomoya ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwaqhubeka ngokushesha, futhi kakade ngo-1897 ibandla likaMichael eMasiden Field lalingcweliswa. Ukuzinikela kwakhe kwaphawula ukuqedwa okwakhiwe ukwakhiwa kweDolobha laseMtholampilo, wayengumgqa womsebenzi wabo bonke abakha isakhiwo sezokwelapha. Ithempeli likaMichael lagcwalisa impilo yedolobheni elinomoya okhethekile nencazelo. AmaParishoni lapha babengabadokotela, abafundi, iziguli, kanye nezakhamuzi zemizi yasemakhaya.

Izikhathi ezinzima. Ukubuyisela

Ngomnyaka we-1922, ezikhathini ezinzima zokuthi uNkulunkulu akakholelwa kuRussia, ithempeli eDivichi Field laxoshwa yiBolsheviks. Le ndawo yaqanjwa futhi yathi "impahla yabantu". Ngo-1931 isonto lavalwa, indlu yabhujiswa, konke lokhu naphezu kwemibhikisho yabantu abaningi bendawo. Ekwakheni ithempeli, baqale bahlela inkolo yokukhulekela inkolo, base behlomisa indawo yokuzivocavoca, khona-ke ikhemisi, isikhala sehhovisi, indawo yokugcina impahla. Ngo-1977, ithempeli laliqothulwa phansi ukuze lenze indawo yokwakha ibhokisi lokudla. Imizamo emangalisayo yomphakathi kuphela eyasiza ekunqandeni izitshalo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi isonto elahlekile lalingenalutho. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, lesi sakhiwo ekugcineni sanikelwa amakholwa. Izinsalela zethempeli zabuyiselwa futhi zabuyiselwa isikhathi eside. Ngo-2002, ithempeli likaMichael laphinde lavula iminyango yabakholwayo, umthandazo wabuye waqala kuwo, ubuhle nodumo babuya.

Inkambu kaMasiden. Kolomna

Ukukhuluma ngoMasid Field Field yaseMoscow, umuntu akanakusiza ukukhuluma ngomgwaqo ofanayo eKolomna. Ibuye ibe nomlando othakazelisayo, nakuba iningi labantu abahlala kulo liyazi kahle. Namuhla, iNdawo yaseMaiden (Kolomna) iyimigwaqo ejwayelekile yedolobhana esifundeni saseKolychev, lapho izindlu zamaplanethi zihlanganiswe khona. Izakhamuzi zazo zingenakwenzeka ukuba zijabule ukuthi zihlala ngqo kule ndawo, zibiza ngokuthi uphawu lokuhlanganiswa kweRussia. Lapha uDmitry Donskoi waqoqa izikhulu zezikhulu ezazizondana. Kwakukhona kule ndawo abahlanganisela ebuthweni elilodwa laseRussia elinamandla, elahluleka ukulwa nempi enkulu yaseKukokovo. AmaRostovites, amaPhukoviya namaSuzdalists aya empini, futhi amaRussia abuya. Ngakho kwakukhona ubunye bezwe.

Leli zwe likhethekile ngempela, kamuva amabutho empi ahlolwe ngokuphindaphindiwe lapha.

Manje isifunda saseKolychevo yindawo yokuhlala kuyo yonke izinkomba ezijwayelekile. Inkomba yensimu yaseMaiden e-Kolomna ingu-140404, ubude bomgwaqo buyi-1.3 km, i-tram No. 7 iyasebenza, indawo yaseDolychevo edolobheni. Emgwaqweni kukhona kokubili izakhiwo zokuhlala, kanye nezokuhweba, izindawo zokudla kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha.