Uphi iVersailles? Umlando kanye nezimfihlo ze-Versailles

Ngo-May 14, 1643 inkosi yaseFrance yashunyayelwa uLouis XIV. Inkathi yokubusa kwakhe yawela emlandweni njengenkathi yebutho lempi, ulwazi lwezombusazwe kanye nokuhlaselwa kwamasiko. Inkosi enkulu ibizwa ngokukhethekile ngokuthi ikhasimende lesigodlo esihle kakhulu emhlabeni. Isikweletu seNkosi ukuthi namhlanje wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi iphi iVersailles nokuthi iyini. Kodwa yini eyaziwa ngalesi sakhiwo esikhulu kakhulu? Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukujwayelana nomlando wayo nokuthinta lezo zindaba ezazibonela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iFrance yayidume ngezimfihlo zokuzikhukhumeza nezindlovu kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Kusuka emzaneni ongaziwa kuya enkabeni yezwe

I-Louvre manje ingenye yamamyuziyamu ahlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi lapho ekhonza njengendlu yamakhosi aseFrance. Kwakukhona izivumelwano ezibalulekile ezisayinwe ngaphakathi kwendonga zayo futhi izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zomphakathi zaxazululwa. Ngokwengxenye lapho kudlula ubuntwana bukaLouis XIV. Kodwa lo muntu akakaze athande ikakhulu iParis noma iLouvre.

Isizathu esizwakalayo sokudluliselwa kwezindlu kwakuyikwesaba iNkosi ngokuphila kwakhe. Uthi wayezizwa ehlala engozini enhlokodolobha, ngakho-ke isigodlo esisha sizoba yisigodi saseParis. Khona-ke, ngo-1661, akekho owayenombono lapho uVersailles ayekhona. Kodwa eminyakeni embalwa kamuva inkazimulo yendawo yokuhlala enhle yeS Sun King yasakazeka lonke elaseYurophu.

Isikhathi sokuqala mayelana nalezi zifunda sishiwo ngo-1038. Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu indawo leyo yayiyindawo yokuhlala encane, egcwele amahlathini futhi igcwele izikebhe ezingenakwenzeka. Kwakukhona umdlalo omkhulu kula mazwe, futhi ubaba kaLouis XIV wayethanda ukuzingela lapho. Ngesinyathelo sakhe ngo-1623 indlu yokuzingela yayakhiwe kwelinye lama-glades. Lapha uLouis XIII, wayeqambe igama elithi The Just, wayevame ukuphumula nendodana yakhe.

Ilitshe lokuqala libekwe-umona

Naphezu kwezitatimende ngengozi iLouvre ephethe, abadayisi babengazi kahle isizathu esiyiqiniso sokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezintsha.

Umlando weVersailles waqala ngo-Agasti 17, 1661. Kulolu busuku, amakhilomitha angu-55 ukusuka eParis, uNgqongqoshe wezeziMali uNicolas Fouquet uhlele ukwamukelwa ngokuhlonipha iqembu lezakhiwo. Indlu entsha yayiyinqaba yaseVaux-le-Vicomte enezingadi zobuhle obungalingani. Isigodlo masinyane sithatha isikhundla somholi futhi ... sathola uLouvre. Akuzwanga kahle!

Umkhosi wawukhona noLouis XIV. Washayiswa ubukhulu kanye nengcebo yefa, ngaphezu kwalokho - kwasusa umona. Omunye umzuzu ongathandeki ukuziqhenya komnikazi. Ngalobo busuku, ngaphandle kokulinda umkhosi wokuphela, inkosi yazisa abakhi bezakhiwo uLouis Levau, uJules Arduin-Mansar kanye nomhleli wepaki u-Andre Lenotru, owayesebenza ku-Vaux-le-Vicomte, ukuthi kusukela manje baqondiswa nguye. Umsebenzi wabo ukudala into eyofanelekela uMbuso wakhe. Yilaba bantu abathathu abakuqala ukwazi ukuthi iVersailles ingubani.

Izithiyo zokuqala

Abaphathi babengabangani futhi baqondana ngegama lesigamu. Ukufuna ukuthi iNkosi ihambise phambili kwakuyihlonipho elikhulu ... inengozi enkulu. Isifiso sokuqala samakhasimende: shiya indawo yokuzizingela enesizotha, eyabekwe nguyise. Usayizi wokwakha wamamitha angu-24 kuya ku-6 kwakuyinkinga enkulu yabakhi.

Umklami wensimu waphinde wangena enkingeni. Amahlathi, amathenda afuna amandla amakhulu okudala amapaki afana neparadesi evela kubo. Kodwa isithiyo esikhulu kwakuyikosi ngokwakhe. Wafuna ukwenza konke ngokufanele futhi ngesikhathi esiseduze kakhulu. Kwakungathi kwakungeke kube nje isigodlo, kodwa inhlanganisela yama-chic, enhle kangangokuthi ayisoze yangena ekhanda lomuntu ukubuza: "Futhi iVersailles yilaphi?" Ngokwecebo likaLouis, kwakufanele kube indawo lapho isibhakabhaka sihlangana khona nomhlaba.

Umsebenzi waqala ngeqiniso lokuthi ezindlini zamadolobhana kwakhiwe izinkulungwane zabakhi. ULouis XIV yena okwamanje wathenga umhlaba ozungezile.

Inhliziyo yeFrance

Ukuze kube nezitayela ezinhle kakhulu ezikhethiwe ze-baroque ne-classicism. Isigxobo esiyinhloko esigodlweni yisakhiwo segalari. Amafasitela alo ayebheke epaki, futhi udonga olufanayo lwalunamathele engilazi yaseVenetian eyayingumfashini ngaleso sikhathi, okwakubhekwa njengento ehlanzekile, kuboniswe uhlelo lwensimu.

Esigodlweni esikhulu kwakukhona amakamelo okulala kanye namagumbi okulala. Icentimitha ngayinye yayihlotshiswe ngonambitha. Izindonga zazihlotshiswe ngemidwebo yamapulangwe, amafresco, imidwebo, izithombe eziqoshiwe. Akuvamile - isiliva negolide emakamelweni. Egumbini langaphambili kwakukhona ikamelo lokulala lenkosi ngokwakhe. Ezingxenyeni zombili kwakukhona amahholo aseVersailles.

Esinye isizathu sokwakha inkimbinkimbi enkulu kangaka kwaba ukukhathazeka kukaLouis XIV. Umsekeli wobukhosi obuphelele wayefuna ukugcina zonke izifundo zilawulwa. Esigodlweni esikhulu kangaka, lapho izifundo ezingaba ngu-20 000 zikwazi ukulingana, umgomo waba ngokoqobo. Kodwa lapha kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi izindlu eziphambili zanikezwa izikhulu, izintandokazi namaduna, izinceku zazihlala ezincane.

AmaHholo Owonkulunkulu

Ukuziqhenya kwendawo yokuhlala kwakuyi-Mirror Gallery. Ubude bayo bufinyelela kumamitha angu-73, ububanzi - izilingi ezingu-11 m 357. Kubonakala sengathi ipaki yahlukaniswa emaceleni omabili esigodlweni. Imidwebo yegumbi elihlotshisiwe kanye nemibala eqoshiwe, izithombe eziqoshiwe zokugaya kanye nama-crystal chandeliers.

Khona-ke wonke umuntu ompofu wayazi ukuthi uVersailles wayephi. Inkosi yavuma ukuyivakashela bonke, ngoba wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu kwakukuziqhenya kwazo zonke iFrance. Wonke umuntu owaziwayo wayezobuyela enkosini ezindongeni zesigodlo.

Amahholo ayebizwa ngegama lawonkulunkulu bamaGreki namaRoma ayethandwa kakhulu . Ngakho, iHholo likaDiana lasetshenziselwa ukwamukela njengegumbi lamabhilidi. Wonke amatafula ahlanganiswe namafutha okusajingijolo abizayo ngegolide ehlangene emaphethelweni.

I-Apollo Hall yayisixoxisana ngezivumelwano. Kusihlwa, kubonisa izigcawu lapho i-Sun King ngokwakhe iqhaza khona. Kwakukhona futhi igumbi lenkazimulo yempi eFrance.

Ipaki elibukeka njengeparadesi

U-André Lenotr wayehlanganyela ekwakheni izitidi zasebukhosini. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ubukhazikhazi bepaki buhlotshaniswa nokuphikiswa kukaLouis XIV. Amasimu ahlala kumahektha angu-8 300. Ukubunjwa ngalunye kuhambisana ngokuvumelana nendawo. I-monarch yayingafuni ukulinda iminyaka kuze kube yilapho izihlahla nezihlahla zikhula, ngakho-ke babehamba bevela kwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise nalabo ababehlanzekile kanye noVo-le-Vicomte.

Uhlelo lweVersailles lufana nemisebe yelanga, ehlukanisa phakathi nendawo yezintambo kanye nezikwele. Ngakho-ke umlimi oyinhloko wayefuna ukuphakamisa i-Sun King Louis XIV.

Emiphakathini nasemithonjeni, eyaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "iVenice encane", izinkulungwane zamasosha zasebenza. Kwakungekho amanzi anele okwakhiwa kwamachibi amaningi, ngakho benza izinkinga ezikhethekile emifuleni eyakhelene nayo.

Uhlangothi lwezezimali

Inkulumo eyintandokazi yenkosi yayiyizwi lokuthi: "Umbuso ungimi!" Kuvela kulezi zindatshana ukuthi imali yesikhwama esheshayo yathola imali yokwakha. Kodwa ngokuqhutshelwa komsebenzi, umbuzo wokuthi ungayithatha imali uye wavela kaningi kaningi. Ekuqaleni, izinkulungwane zabasimili basebenze endaweni yesakhiwo. Esikhathini esizayo, kwabakhiwe abangaphezu kuka-30,000. Ngesikhathi sokuthula, amathuluzi athathwa ezandleni zamasosha wenkosi.

Yiqiniso, kwakukhona nezisulu. Amakhulu awela phansi ekusekelweni kwenqaba. Izingozi ezengeziwe zafika lapho ama-brigades aqala ukusebenza ngesikhathi. Abantu basebenze imini nobusuku. Ukwakhiwa ebumnyameni kwabaningi bafa.

Isikhathi eside inkosi yafihla iqiniso. Lapho ulwazi luvela, yena, ngaphandle kokuzisola isabelomali, waqala ukukhokha isinxephezelo kwabasolwa kanye nezihlobo zabo.

Noma kunjalo, bazama ukulondoloza konke. Izinqwaba zomlilo azizange zisebenze. Iminyango namafasitela kwakungavamile. Lokhu kudala ukuphazamiseka kwabakhileyo ebusika. Inqaba yayibanda kakhulu.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside wonke umuntu ohlala esigodlweni angakha kabusha izindlu zabo ukuze zijabule. Kodwa phakathi neMpi Yeminyaka Eyisishiyagalolunye, zonke izindleko zokulungiswa zawela emahlombe ezicukuthwane.

Namuhla, emva kwamakhulu eminyaka, kunzima ukulinganisa izindleko ezigcwele zendlu. Futhi ubufakazi obubhalwe phansi abugcinanga.

Isiphetho sokuhlala emva kukaLouis XIV

Le phrojekthi yayiyingane eyintandokazi yenkosi, ngoba yena ngokwakhe wabamba iqhaza ekuhleleni kwakhe. Isigodlo akuzona kuphela izimfihlo zenkantolo zaseVersailles, kodwa futhi nezenzakalo zezwe elibalulekile. Kwakukhona amaqhinga nezinkohlakalo, amakhosi aseduze, namalungu omndeni wasebukhosini ahleka futhi akhala, abathandekayo futhi bezondwa, ayehloswe yizinhloso zabantu abavamile kanye nezwe lonke ...

I-Versailles yayakhiwe ababusi ababili abalandelanayo. Kodwa, ngokuphathelene nokuhlukunyezwa kwezombangazwe nezomnotho, kakade ngo-1789 isigodlo sasinzima ukulondoloza. Amahholo asetshenziselwa kuphela amamyuziyamu.

Ngemva kokunqotshwa kweMpi yaseFranco-German eMilror Hall, uMbuso WaseJalimane wamenyezelwa . Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva, lesi sakhiwo sabona lesi sigameko nokulahlekelwa yi-Triple Alliance.

Awukwazi ukuya eFrance futhi ungavakashele iVersailles. Akuyona nje ukwakha, kuyiphupho elihle ekuphileni. Uphawu lokuthi umuntu angakwazi ngokuphelele konke. Into esemqoka ukukholelwa okuqinile esikhathini esizayo nokuzimisela okuncane ukusebenzisa ithuba lakho. Uma ngokuzumayo uzithola eFrance, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela iVersailles. Ukubuyekezwa kwezivakashi mayelana nalesi simangaliso sezakhiwo kuvele kugxile. Le ndlu kanye nepaki yokulala iyindawo yokuhlala yasebukhosini yaseYurophu enokunethezeka kakhulu. Izakhiwo ezinkulu, izindawo ezivulekile, amatharadi amakhulu nokufinyelela ngqo epakini, zemibukiso, izitshalo eziphelele, imigwaqo ehambisanayo, izindonga, imibhede yamanzi, imithombo ekhanyayo - konke lokhu kwadalwa eVersailles ngenjabulo enkosini, emndenini wakhe, ezintandokazi nasezintandeni.