USD: onjani lwemali, indima yayo ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe

Omunye tetifinyeto kakhulu ezimakethe lwemali - kuyinto USD. Hlobo luni lwemali lifihle ngaphansi kwalesi inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu, Kulula ukuqagela, kusukela yokwehlisa atholakale kiwo woke amadorobha, kuzo zonke ehhovisi exchange. USD ifomu uguqulwa kuzwakala United States dollar, noma-United States dollar.

Lwemali kazwelonke of America

US dollar luchazwa ngegama isibonakaliso "$". Ikhodi yasebhange yakhe ISO isifinyezo sika-USD. US lwemali isetshenziswa emazweni angaphezu kuka-18, kuhlanganise Ecuador futhi eBonaire, insimu British elidala kanye Virgin Islands, i-East Timor, e-El Salvador, Panama Saba, Zimbabwe ne-United States, nezinye. It kulingana amasenti 100.

Imali esivumelwaneni lwemali ngamazwe. Lokhu kunqunywa ukufunwa dollar ekuphetheni izivumelwano phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili ezihlobene kanye nokuthekelisa namazwe angaphandle izimpahla noma amasevisi. Omunye zezimali main emhlabeni, lapho iningi izinkontileka anikezwe izimakethe yezomnotho, kuhlanganise emkhakheni energy, futhi yilona USD. I dollar is kabanzi ukuqaliswa exchange angaphandle ukuthengiselana ku emakethe exchange angaphandle kanye iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuphetheni ezohwebo kanye exchange angaphandle ukuthengiselana, utshalomali. Ngosizo lwemali, abatshali bezimali abaningi afeze lomshuwalense izingozi ezimakethe zomhlaba. Umthamo okwenziwe amazinga exchange nsukuzonke ifinyelela izisulu eziningana izindodla zezimali. USD izinga kunqunywa izindleko iningi zezimali emhlabeni, ngoba likhona ngamazwe lwemali ezimbili kubhasikidi, iphesenti ke ngokumelene ezinye izinhlobo zemali iyona enkulu kunazo zonke.

Izibalo zokusetshenziswa of US dollar entengisweni exchange ngokuvumelana BIS

Ngokusho Bank for International (BIS), okungukuthi ku-akhawunti dollar ivolumu elikhulu exchange ukuthengiselana emhlabeni. Ngo-2011, isabelo yayo sehle kancane futhi zaba% 84,9 kuphela aphume 200% ngokumelene odlule 85,6%. Inombolo esibili aphakeme zokwenana imisebenzi ehlukaniswe euro ne-yen. Ukunciphisa inani lokushintshisana ukuthenga okuthile okufaka US dollar, kubonakala lapho besekuhluphekeni lomhlaba ku-oda 2-3%. Namuhla sibona nomphumela ohlukile. Figure safinyelela cishe 100%, njengoba emnothweni waseMelika ukhula ngamandla nsuku zonke. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe emhlabeni namuhla abangabangane nobunzima okwesikhashana, United States kudlala indima evelele ekubumbeni umnotho wembulunga yonke.

Umlando US dollar

I dollar yazuza isimo lwemali kazwelonke we Melika ngemva isimo ithola uzibuse. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala umlando olusemthethweni USD. Hlobo luni lwemali ngokushesha ngakho ngakwazi abe nezwe, zama ukuqonda. Elokuqala sabafowabo - lokhu uhlamvu lwesiliva, okuyinto kancane kancane, esikhundleni sayo kufakwe imali yamaphepha banknotes umbala ogqamile gray umbala. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi dollar sivunyiwe ngo-1875, ukuze 1861 eMelika kwakungelona uhlelo esinobunye yemali. Kwaba ngo-1861 okokuqala wakhipha isimemezelo bese kunyatheliswa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-60 zamaRandi, ngaleso sikhathi kwakubhekwa njengesenzo isamba emangalisayo ezinkulu.

zezimali Umhlaba

Ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano Bretton Woods ngo-1994 njengoba emhlabeni reserve currency liye Yamvumela US USD. Hlobo luni lwemali iyona dollar, kuyacaca isimo salo. Iyunithi yemali esetshenziswe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni ukudala wezimali "isiguqo ukuphepha", okuyinto ngezikhathi zeziyaluyalu isimo uyakwazi ukusekela umnotho ezingeni eliphezulu. Melika ngemuva kokuthola isimo iyunithi reserve wezimali kwakumele ithuba ukumboza ukuntuleka ibhalansi ukukhokhelwa ye dollar kanye nokuqinisa isikhundla nezinkampani ezikhona endaweni ezimakethe zomhlaba. Omunye zezimali emhlabeni, abanale isihloko impahla uketshezi kakhulu emhlabeni, - USD. Hlobo luni lwemali nokuthi imaphi amandla ine phezu umnotho womhlaba, singacabanga nje. Okwamanje, i-dollar ukhula, futhi namuhla kwelinye iyunithi malini USA kuyodingeka bakhokhe ruble angu-70.