Uyini epidermis? Isakhiwo epidermis

I yangaphandle ikhava umzimba has a isakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi. Isikhumba iyingxenye ukuthi siqukethe izingqimba ezimbili. It wenza eziningi imisebenzi ebalulekile: exchange, ukushisa ukuphathwa, yokwamukela, zokuzivikela. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi epidermis, kodwa ukhohlwe ngoba ingxenye isikhumba wesibili - dermis.

Isakhiwo yangaphandle ikhava umzimba

Skin siqukethe izingqimba ezimbili - i-epidermis futhi dermis. I engenhla ungqimba EPITHELIAL ahlukaniswa mihlobiso aphansi engalingani. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo kubangelwa khona phezu kobuso isikhumba amaqhubu ekhethekile - papillae. Isendlalelo engenhla kuyinto epithelium yayo flat-keratinized wakubo. Iqukethe akukho imithambo yegazi, namandla ihlinzekwa nalokho kusuka dermis kuphela.

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo yokuthi i epidermis ezinjalo, thola ukuphi, abaningi sebeqala ngithande oyiyo. Siqukethe amaseli, ezahlukene ifomu kanye nesakhiwo. Zibonisa lwesigaba ethile ezimpilweni zabo. Ukushuba we epidermis, kuye ngokuthi indawo yayo kungaba kusuka 0,07 mm kuya 1.4 mm. Isendlalelo thickest ivuliwe amathe ezinyawo, nezintende zezandla. A kakhulu isikhumba elincanyana (ungqimba layo elingenhla) kuyinto endaweni pubic, phezu ngemilenze, izindlebe kanye esiswini.

Isakhiwo isembozo engenhla keratinized

I epidermis siqukethe izingqimba emihlanu ngamunye. ingxenye yayo esemqoka ibizwa ngokuthi keratinocyte. Kodwa nokwakheka epidermis iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho kuka kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. Ochwepheshe ukukhomba izingqimba ezifana:

• basal (germinative);
• prickly;
• luyimbudumbudu;
• brilliant;
• Horny.

Ngamunye wabo wenza umsebenzi othile futhi ine isakhiwo ayo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amangqamuzana esikhumba kukhona esimweni njalo yokuvuselela. Zogqinsi ihlolwe ukukhiqizwa kabusha izinqubo, handling, keratinization futhi desquamation. Kuye endaweni ethile yomzimba ephelele epidermal buyekeza nqubo ingase ithathe 20 kuya ku-30 izinsuku.

stratum corneum

Ingxenye engenhla epidermis yakhiwa amaseli kukhona contact ngokwanele eduze komunye nomunye. Akhiwe izingxenye stratum corneum kukhona epidermal isikhumba isithiyo - abayikho ngokuthi corneocytes. Lezi ngokusebenzisa amangqamuzana esikhumba somuntu baye baphelelwa organelles cell futhi zigcwele yi-keratin.

Ngenxa yalokhu lezi zingxenye ungqimba Horny angase abavikele ngaphansi izicubu ekulimaleni mechanical, izinga lokushisa ezihlukile, omiswe bese Ukungena kwamagciwane. izikali Horny zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili. Zingaba ukugcwaliswa okuxekethile noma aminyene fibrils yi-keratin. Uma uyikha phezulu le yesibili kukhona wabo. Igama lokuqala etholakala eduze ungqimba luyimbudumbudu. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo zabo, kungatholakala izinsalela ngaphambilini elise therein iseli organelles. Lezi izikali bavame ngokuthi T-cells.

Lesi sendlalelo engenhla epidermis yilona isithiyo cutaneous futhi siqukethe izingqimba eziningana kakade amangqamuzana afile, zazo ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali lipids. Phela, lezi izinto kukhona abagcini eziyisisekelo umswakama esikhumbeni.

ungqimba shiny

Le ngxenye epidermis akuyona njalo akushoyo. Ibizwa nangokuthi ungqimba eleidinovym. Uma Kutholwe ke kubukeka sengathi nomzimba omncane, ukukhanya, elikhanyayo futhi strip eyohlobo. Layer ibizwa kuphela ngenxa yendlela ebukeka ngayo. isithako wayo zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi eleidin. Kuyinto umkhiqizo-isisekelo eminye keratinization amaseli. Thola ke, ngokuvamile kuphela isikhumba kwezintende zezandla kanye ematheni. Siqukethe amaseli yenuzi-free isicaba.

ungqimba luyimbudumbudu

Labo ukubhekana neqiniso ukuthi lokhu epidermis, thola ukuphi, futhi ukhumbule Uhlonze lwalo, bayaqonda ukuthi ngamunye izingxenye zalo azinakwa. Ngakho, ungqimba particulate akhiwa amangqamuzana 1-2 kuphela imigqa kulezo zindawo lapho epidermis mncane. Kodwa kungaba futhi aqukethe imigqa 10 lamaseli lezo zindawo lapho isikhumba ayazika. Sinenkosi idayimane-okwenyanga, side, side futhi uvalwe yayicindezele nomunye. Akhiwe lesi sendlalelo amaseli abalahlekelwe ikhono lazo ukwehlukana. Esikhathini cytoplasm kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlanganiswayo zimise: Lamellar futhi eleidin. Basuke etholakala ukuze eksisi eside ngayinye amaseli okwedayimane ukuhambisa anemifantu parallel noma scallop.

amaseli izihlahla ezinameva

Kungakhathaliseki endaweni indawo isikhumba, uthe ungqimba siqukethe imigqa 5-10. Ukuthola kuwo amaseli kukhona ngesimo emapholigoni. Okubukwe ngesibonakhulu, ungabona hhayi kuphela izingqimba epidermal kwesikhumba, kodwa futhi ukubona amaseli ngokwabo, umdweshu emincane isikhala phakathi kwawo izinqubo ezicashile okuwela ke. Ngenxa yobukhona babo ungqimba owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi prickly.

Keratinocytes axhunyiwe kule ngxenye desmosomes epidermal. Sinenkosi isakhiwo kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi: zivela njengoba plate amabili, futhi phakathi kwazo babizwa esikukhompiyutha phakathi cathode 4 no-3-okusobala electron-obukhulu ungqimba. It desmosomes ukusekela yangaphakathi kwengqamuzana, banamandla intercellular yisiboniso kwakwakhe. Futhi ukukhonza njengephayona indawo obandayo ukuze tonofilaments. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi epidermis womuntu kuhlelwe ukuze izingxenye eliphezulu ungqimba spinous kunciphisa inani desmosomes.

iseli isakhiwo okusikhumbuza imibuso eyakha lo mnyango basal. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo babe zihlukile. Spiny amaseli ahlanganiswa ndawonye nabaningi desmosomes futhi enqwabelanisa tonofilaments kubo mkhulu.

amaseli basal

Lesi sendlalelo iyona ezikude kakhulu ebusweni isikhumba. Kodwa linikeza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba baqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi leso epidermis. Ingabe ungqimba zokugcina phezu plate basal, okuyinto kuvimbela ke kusukela kwezinye izicubu. Izimbobo ezi- kuzo ahlelwe umugqa owodwa. Layer okuyinto akha, ebizwa nangokuthi germinal. Iqukethe izinhlobo eziningana amaseli. Kukhona keratinocytes, melanocytes, ama-lymphocyte, basophils izicubu. Futhi kufakwe ungqimba Greenstein and Merkel amaseli.

Keratinocytes kule ungqimba ibukeke amasilinda ezima thwi. Bona ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili: flat futhi zubchastoy ebusweni. Abokuqala zihlukaniswe, ngenxa wesitokisi sabo ushintsho kwenzeka. Lesi sakamuva ukhonza njengelungu function isipele. Kodwa sebeqala ukuhlanganyela kunoma imaphi ukulimala esikhunjeni.

Ngokugcwele ukuqonda futhi ukuqonda isakhiwo isakhiwo se-epidermis kungaba, uma wazi ukuthi isakhiwo yezingxenye ungqimba basophilic kuhlukile kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho futhi organelles kanye nuclei, ezivame ukuba wonke amanye amaseli, zingabantu isakhiwo ethize - tonofilameny. Kukhona ukufakwa ekhethekile, okuthiwa i-melanin granules.

Kufanele zithi melanocytes - amaseli akhethekile uyakwazi esikhiqiza melanin. Le into zivikela imiphumela elimazayo emisebeni ultraviolet. Isendlalelo basal kuyinto komyalelo wokungabi 10-25% kwamaseli. Ngokubukeka ziyindawo sea urchin futhi uhlala phakathi keratinocytes. Ngokusho inqubo yayo emide, ziyakwazi ethutha melanin engqamuzaneni ngu phagocytosis.

Ukwazi konke lokhu kwaziswa mayelana nesakhiwo, izici ungqimba engenhla isikhumba, ungase ucabange ukuthi i-epidermis, indlela okubukeka futhi yilokho kanye okudingekayo.