Uyini sentela nazingane eRussia?

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet kwakukhona sentela nazingane, lapho izakhamuzi engenabantwana, kuye ngokuthi ezingeni imali eyabo baye baphoqeleka ukuba bakhokhe ukuze isabelomali uhulumeni ukuthi 6% yemali yayo. izibhalwa okunjalo isinyathelo kuze kokuwa kweSoviet Union futhi akuzona kukho kakhulu ngempumelelo ukwandisa izinga lokuzalwa, deku ngokugcwalisa isabelomali. Ngo-1991, uhulumeni ezaqedwa sentela nazingane kwabesifazane, futhi ngemva konyaka - washada amadoda, hhayi ukufika yesizukulwane sakhe, futhi ngemva Russian Federation elaba ngawo umbuso ozimele, labo izinkokhelo labantu engenabantwana ngokuphelele ukhohlwe.

It likhona emazweni angaphandle nezinye izinhlobo zentela nazingane futhi okokuqala imali yentela enjalo yaphazanyiswa ngenkathi ngomshini kumhloli wezincwadi Roman Camille lasendulo. Ngo-1909 izinkokhelo ezinjalo baphoqeleka ukuba ukhokhe izakhamizi engenabantwana eBulgaria njengoba uhulumeni walo wafuna ukwandisa izinga lokuzalwa nangemva kwamakhulu eminyaka okungazi umsebenzi abaseTurkey isimo Balkan.

Intela njengoba ukwanda izinga lokuzalwa

Inhloko ehhovisi lezempilo kanye State Duma amasekela intela ku nazingane eRussia kubhekwa ithuluzi eliphumelelayo ukukhuphuka kwezinga izinga lokuzalwa futhi unqobe ngokugcwele obumbi yezibalo. Kusukela 2006 Mihail Zurabov it is kakhulu wafuna ukwandisa umthwalo wezimali ku singles kanye imibhangqwana ngaphandle ingane ngenxa Kwezinye izimo, Nokho, bill ephelele engakaze athuthukile kuze kube manje.

Uma intela umndeni yethulwa kwindlela babukhona nakwa-USSR, iziphathimandla kwezimali Russia yesimanje yokuthi kwakuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuqoqa izimali ezifana kusuka izakhamuzi engenabantwana, njengoba ingxenye enkulu labantu usebenza ngokwethukela, uyaqhubeka ukuthola "inkokhelo ezimvilophini", noma uthola ezinye izindlela wafihla imali yabo engokomthetho.

Ingxoxo yokuqala yeningi izici intela zabantu engenabantwana kwenziwa ngo-2010 futhi umzamo iziphathimandla ukuphoqelela iqoqo wezimali omusha ebangele resonance ububanzi emphakathini. Nakuba, ngaphezu iminikelo saziso ukuze isabelomali abantu engenabantwana kuhlelwe ukwethula nezinye izinhlelo inzuzo wayeyobe enikela ukwanda okuzala. Ngokwesibonelo, uMnyango Wezempilo ezihlongozwayo ukwethula ilungiselelo khulula kwemithi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukwanda izinzuzo omama abasha, kanye intela ezibanjwayo ahlukahlukene abazali nezingane eziningi.

intela ezibanjwayo

Nakuba intela ku nazingane eRussia zanamuhla njengoba enjalo iye kwetfulwa, practice esimiselelwe ezibanjwayo enikeziwe abazali ngesikhathi nokukhokhwa kwentela engenayo. Lolu hlobo amacala yentela kufanele ukhokhe izakhamuzi esebenzayo, iziphathimandla zaseRussia kwezimali acabangele ngokuphelele yonke imali etholwe bentela, kokubili imali kanye uhlobo.

Lapho i-income tax labantu Russian Federation wanakekela ejwayelekile intela ebanjwayo, futhi izingane ngaphezulu umndeni, aba maningi lemali ebanjwayo enjalo ngezimali. Ngakho, ngo-2012, umndeni lapho kunezingane elilodwa noma amabili bangathembela nyangazonke intela ezibanjwayo, futhi leyo mali ingeqi ruble 1,400. Uma umndeni lukhula ingane ekhubazekile, abazali nokukhokhwa kwentela engenayo uzokwazi ukuzuza in inani ruble 3000, ngaphandle kokukhokha okulinganayo isabelomali isimo. Inani elifanayo intela ezibanjwayo nobuntu imikhaya Russian abakhula izingane ezingaphezu kwezintathu ezincane.

Ngakho, lapho izinga ejwayelekile yentela ngemali engenayo kuya 13%, umondli lomndeni nengane eyodwa uyosindisa endabeni yokukhokha amacala yentela ruble 182 ngenyanga, ngokungafani kuya isakhamuzi engenabantwana ne elifanayo inkokhelo.