Uyini umehluko ovogenesis ka spermatogenesis?

Kuleli phephandaba siphakamisa ukwaba Ngokungafani ovogenesis ka spermatogenesis, ukukhuluma ngabo lezi izinqubo. Yiqiniso, ngeke ushiye ngaphandle ukunakwa germ cells, chaza imininingwane lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti wabo.

Lokuzaliswa - lena injongo eyinhloko zonke izidalwa eziphilayo eplanethini yethu, ukuthi kuyasiza ukuqhubeka lozalo, okungukuthi, iplanethi yethu engumhlaba ngeke kube nalutho. Kunalokho, manje isibalo izidalwa eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi abantu, ezikhulayo inchubekelembili yejeyomethri. Ovum kanye nesidoda - kungcono ubulili amaseli besifazane nebesilisa ngokulandelana. Kuyinto ba abayobe anikezelwe athikili yethu. Ngaphansi Gametogenesis waqonda inqubo kumiswa gametes. Uma kuziwa isidoda, ibizwa ngokuthi spermatogenesis, uma iqanda zamangqamuzana, ama-oogenesis. Konke lokhu kabanzi, uzofunda ku.

gametogenesis

Oogenesis futhi spermatogenesis, umehluko phakathi engesiyo ezibucayi, eziningi kangaka izici zayo zifana, angabizwa ngokuthi yigama elididiyelayo - "lwegciwane umugqa". ngakho kancane manje.

Ukuze uqale, sihlaziye umqondo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa amagama amabili: "gamete" futhi "genesis", the last isiGreki angahunyushwa ngokuthi - "umsuka". Lokho ngokoqobo igama elithi "lwegciwane umugqa" kusho "umsuka gametes." Gametes - a amaseli enzalo ezingabantu - isidoda, abesifazane - iqanda. Gametogenesis ngokwayo kungabuye ihlukaniswe ngobulili: gametogenesis ezenzeka emzimbeni lomuntu, ibizwa ngokuthi spermatogenesis, futhi isidumbu sowesifazane - oogenesis. Kodwa-ke sifika umehluko yokuqala yalezi zinhlelo. Oogenesis iqala ngaphambi kokuzalwa ozalwa amantombazane spermatogenesis kubonakala labafana Usufike ebudaleni obuthile kuphela, ngokuvamile eminyakeni 12-13.

nenkathi yokuthomba amantombazane

Inqubo Iqanda ekwakhekeni, okungukuthi, oogenesis kwenzeka esibelethweni, ngenkathi yokuthomba, noma kunalokho isigaba saso sokuqala, lokulandisa, cishe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye. Sinikeza kancane nakakhulu esigabeni of nenkathi yokuthomba amantombazane:

• isigaba 1st - ukukhula, zikhona izimo lapho intombazane buthola engaphezu kuka-10 amasentimitha ukuphakama, kubhekwa evamile. Njengomthetho, namuhla amantombazane ziphumelela kangcono abafana.
• isigaba 2nd - ushintsho izici ngokobulili yesibili. intombazane Eminyakeni engaba ngu-12 ubudala okuhle sekuqalile kusukela isithombe Babukeka babahle kepha mine ugly. It uqala ukukhula amabele, okhalweni encishisiwe, ukhule izinwele endaweni pubic kanye emakhwapheni. Cishe ngalesi sikhathi wake walondoloza iqanda uqale ukuqhubekisela phambili ukuthuthukiswa yabo. Ngokushesha, le ntombazane ifunda ukuthi ngenyanga.
• isigaba Okwesithathu - esigabeni sokugcina. Weza iminyaka engaba ngu-18. Manje kubhekwa bakheké ngokuphelele, kungase nokuzala inzalo enempilo.

Ukuthomba Boy

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, amantombazane kwakheka iqanda isizalo, abafana bonke uya ehlukile kancane. Isidoda amaseli uqale ukuthuthukiswa yabo kuphela uma ifinyelela eminyakeni 12-14. Ngaphambi kwalokhu esiteji zokuthomba futhi ushintsho:

• ukwandisa ngobukhulu wenduku;
• ukwanda kwe-scrotum;
• ezikhulayo pubic izinwele, emakhwapheni, imilenze nobuso.

Lapho ufika eminyakeni 12-14 umfana kakade uqale ukuba ocansini, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uxwayise abazali bakhe, ngoba uyakwazi kakade kubangele sokukhulelwa ekuseni engadingeki womngane wakhe. Manje uqhubeke ngqo iduna nensikazi germ cells, sicabanga isakhiwo sabo, ukwakheka izigaba, i-letifanako kanye netintfo letehlukile.

iqanda

Ake uqale nge insikazi ubulili amaseli, kwebalingisi of oogenesis kukhona sixoxe ngemva kwesikhashana. Ukuze uqale, siphakamisa ukuba ucabangele lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti neqanda.

Iqanda kuyinto elikhulu futhi iseli fixed, Ubukhulu bayo ukufinyelela 170 microns, okuyinto besilisa kakhulu germ cells (microns kufika ku-70). Ngamunye wabo iqukethe izakhi ezidingekayo, lapho sizobona:

• izinto ezidingekayo ukuze biosynthesis amaprotheni;
• izinto zokulawula;
• isikhuphasha.

Amaseli kungaba bahlukanise ngenani amaqanda izikhupha:

• ku aletsitalnye;
• politsitalnye;
• mezotsitalnye;
• oligoletsitalnye.

Kusukela inani azinakwa a esikhulu kakhulu, ngokulandelana. Uma sicabangela iqanda lowesifazane, ke singasho sithi aletsitalnomu futhi izoletsitalnomu hlobo. Lokho, kukhona okuncane isikhuphasha, okuyinto zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi umbungu ngokushesha aguqulwa ukuba gematotrofnomu uhlobo ukudla. uhlobo Izoletsitalny kusho ukuthi isikhuphasha amaqanda is ngokulinganayo basakaza futhi nucleus esikhungweni.

Igobolondo amaqanda has okulandelayo:

• cytoplasm;
• emgodleni Avikelayo;
• umqhele akhishwa imisebe yalo.

Zonke Amagobolondo umsebenzi zokuzivikela, ungayeki ukuba ukungena iqanda ezingaphezu kweyodwa isidoda ezidingekayo ukuze sithele. Bonke abanye avimbelwe.

Manje khetha umsebenzi Iqanda:

• ukuqinisekisa umbungu amandla;
• ukuhlinzeka i kokuqala umbungu esiteji ku izakhi.

isidoda

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi isidoda - a sex iseli wesilisa, kodwa asebenze kanjani? Sinikeza kancane ukuze sizohlola lo mbuzo. Ukubukeka gametes ungabona izithombe kulesi sigaba. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo kwakhona izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• ikhanda;
• intamo;
• phakathi ingxenye;
• umsila.

Inhloko-nucleus isidoda ugcwele, kwaba yena othwala ulwazi sitholwa njengefa. Phakathi kokukhulelwa, iqanda sihamba zayiqeda. Ubulili wengane kuncike ngokuqondile ku isidoda. Uma nguye ophatha X chromosome, kuyoba uyintombazane, uma Y ke umfana.

Intamo olukhonjiswa njengedifolthi ukuvaleka encane phambi engxenyeni phakathi nesidoda, lena ingxenye obhekene ukunyakaza asebenzayo, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kwenzeke ukuba kokukhulelwa.

Kube sekulandela umzimba, okuyinto futhi ikhiqiza amandla ngoba ezihambayo gametes. Umsila imelelwa msila, okuyinto kuwumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu - ukuhambisa.

Ngaphambi kokuba sihlole izici spermatogenesis futhi oogenesis, siphakamisa ukwaba umsebenzi oyisisekelo isidoda - umbiko izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo ukuze iqanda.

ovogenesis

Asiqale lapho kumiswa amaseli zesifazane zokuzala, khetha nezikhathi ovogenesis nencazelo ngamunye. Ngakho, esigabeni ukukhululwa:

• zizalela;
• ukukhula;
• nokuvuthwa.

Manje singakwazi kakade ngokuthi umehluko ovogenesis lokuqala spermatogenesis esimweni sokuqala is ukuvela amaseli zesifazane zokuzala (oocytes), kanti eyesibili - iduna (isidoda). Ake ube njani esigabeni ngasinye oogenesis.

On esigabeni yokuzalana iyatholakala ku parenchyma kwamaseli yokuqala (igciwane) hlukanisa imali yazo ngo mitosis. Ngakho, ngo-wesibeletho cortex ungqimba aqoqana oogonia. Zinqwabelanisa:

• amaprotheni;
• amafutha;
• glucose.

Manje zihluke kakhulu ezincwadini ababengaphambi zabo, i-oogonia okuholela germinal olukhudlwana, kodwa izakhi zabo zofuzo nsé. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi le nqubo ithatha indawo ngaphambi kokuzalwa intombazane, okungukuthi esibelethweni.

Esigabeni esilandelayo senzeka ngemva nje intombazane ezweni. Lesi sigaba sibizwa ngokuthi ukukhula. Manje kukhona a division of mitosis, ngakho kwakhiwa oocytes ye-oda kuqala. Kuqhathaniswa oogonia ziba ukwanda ezincane, kodwa eminye okusheshayo ngosayizi. Manje oocytes yenkinga besalindile, bazithola granulosa igobolondo kuthunjwa ayeke esigabeni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-follicle primordial. Ingqikithi amaseli ezinjalo, kukhona abangaba yizigidi ezimbili, kodwa enye intuthuko engase ziyoba ezinye (450) kuphela wabo.

isigaba Okwesithathu (nokuvuthwa) kwenzeka ngaphambi nje ngenyanga Intombazane yokuqala. Omunye follicle ithule evuka futhi uyaqhubeka ekuthuthukisweni yayo, okuyinto wayeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-12-13 edlule.

spermatogenesis

Sazibophezela kakade omunye umehluko ovogenesis ku spermatogenesis (ukuthuthukiswa lwegciwane amaseli ahlukahlukene) lokufunda kungabuye ahlukaniswe nokuthi oogenesis iqala ngaphambi kokuzalwa intombazane, kodwa inqubo spermatogenesis - uma ufika eminyakeni 12-14. kakade Sithole kunezinto ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu ke thina selisho futhi emuva khona kucinisa lwati.

spermatogenesis esiteji futhi kancane zehluke izigaba oogenesis (khona esinye isinyathelo). Hlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo spermatogenesis:

• nokubeletha;
• ukukhula;
• nokuvuthwa;
• kumiswa.

Lapha sibona ukufana yalezi zinhlelo, lezi zinyathelo ezintathu zokuqala ziyafana, kuphela at the stage of emaphethelweni nokuvuthwa ovogenesis, nokukhiqizwa isidoda uyaqhubeka, kusukela esigabeni kumiswa.

umehluko

Cishe eseqedile kokufunda lesi sihloko, kuzame ngokwakho - shayela ukwahluka spermatogenesis futhi oogenesis. Manje hlola indlela abhekana ngayo umsebenzi.

Umehluko ovogenesis lokuqala spermatogenesis - kuyinto ehlukile isikhathi sokuqala kwenqubo. Girls gametogenesis inqubo iqala ngesikhathi kwengane esiswini kubafana - iminyaka 12-14.

Eyesibili umehluko - e inqubo yokuthuthukisa amakhono oocyte oogenesis futhi spermatogenesis - isidoda.

Eyesithathu umehluko - sobude bokuphila lwegciwane amaseli. Isidoda izimpilo yikhulu izinsuku eyikhulu neshumi (uma sicabanga yonke inqubo spermatogenesis, mayelana 74 izinsuku), owesifazane ocansini iseli - kuwumphumela kokulinda isikhathi eside esibelethweni (engu-12 kuya kwengu-40).

Eyesine umehluko - inombolo. Ekuphileni kwalo konke, amadoda zizalelwe ngaphandle emakhulwini amaningi izigidigidi isidoda, futhi ngokuphelele zonke izigaba oogenesis kukhona amaqanda 450.

ukufana

Singabantu ngokuhamba ngokubhala lesi sihloko futhi waqokomisa lokufanako nalokwehlukile emkhatsini spermatogenesis futhi oogenesis. Manje futhi thina kuvame, thina selisho njengoba uhlu ukufana yalezi zinhlelo.

• Three isinyathelo ezivamile (imifanekiso, ukukhula, yokuvuthwa).
• Oocytes futhi spermatocytes ezakhiwe mitosis.
• Isinyathelo ukukhula oogenesis futhi spermatogenesis libhekene ukwanda gametes.
• nokuvuthwa isinyathelo kwenzeka meiosis.