Waves: izinhlobo amagagasi futhi igagasi definition. Izinhlobo amagagasi kagesi kanye acoustic

Amagagasi akuzona kuphela emanzini. Zakhiwa umsindo, ukukhanya, njalo njalo. D. lokhu kungabakhuthaza kanjani, futhi lokho amagagasi nhlobo?

Ingqikithi

Leligama lisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukene kwezesayensi, kodwa ikakhulukazi kuyi-physics. Ngokusho lokhu amagama ajezise Lokusakaza oscillations - igagasi. Definition of elula, kodwa empeleni kunjalo elula cha. I izinhlayiya ngabanye musa ukuthutha, kodwa zomlomo kuphela eduze yakhoibrium yabo izikhundla. Ngakho isici wave: ngosizo lokudluliselwa amandla ngaphandle ushintsho ndaba. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka, kodwa njengoba side effect. Abakade kwaba kolwandle, kahle ukucabanga ukuthi igagasi ezinjalo.

Ukuzimisela, nakuba - akusiwona into kuphela odinga ukukwazi, lapho eboniswa ukuthi lesi simo. Okuqakathekileko ukuthi kuxhumene kakhulu ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ne ekushintshashintsheni ngakho sebephumela ukufunda ndawonye, kokubili theory kanye practice.

umsuka

Amagagasi kungenziwa elakhiwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Isizathu sokuba nesenzakalo yabo kuhlale izinhlayiya injabulo nokususa kubo aphume ukulinganisela. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela amadivayisi ekhethekile, njengemishado antenna noma radiators. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba ngenxa okuvela Ukuntengantenga esimweni isivunguvungu esinamandla, ngenxa lapho amanzi siphela yezwakala.

Umlando abahlola lesi simo

Ucwaningo indlela nesenzakalo futhi Lokusakaza amaza eyala ehlukahlukene yesayensi ezifana Oceanography, seismology, omakhenikha, umsindo, imithi kanye, yebo, i-physics iyonke, kanye nabanye abaningi, babehilelekile ososayensi abaningi abadumile. Kukholakala ukuthi iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu eyenziwe isihloli German Genrih Gerts. He sungula amaphethini athile futhi wathola ngaphambilini imihlola ezingaziwa ezihlobene nokuxhumana amagagasi kagesi, ezifana ukuphazamiseka, umumo womsebenzi kanye nokwehlukana. izifundo Kamuva asetshenziselwa ukwakha umsakazo. Yiqiniso, kwakukhona abanye ososayensi abaye bahlola lokhu mkhuba futhi abenze ukuthuthukiswa isayensi neqhaza elikhulu, isibonelo, uMaxwell, kodwa gama immortalized le Hertz iyunithi wave imvamisa nesilinganiso.

izinhlobo amagagasi

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ngokuvumelana nezimfuno ehlukahlukene. Okokuqala, kuba isiqondiso oscillation we wave. Izinhlobo amagagasi kule umbandela: longitudinal, transverse, okuxubile. Kunezindlela ezahlukene kakhulu yokwenza iqembu: incazelo zibalo, i-geometry, simo sendzawo, nokunye ..

Kubalulekile ukuthi uma kwenzeka lesi simanga alulusha e ketshezi akubonakali ukuthi ushintsha kuphela inhlangano izinhlayiya, okuyinto kuphakamisa ezinye zezenzakalo ezikule ncwadi. Ngokuya bezibona ke ungaboniswa njengoba ukukhanya, imibala umsindo nokushiswa ngemisebe, ayibonakali iso, ngakho amandla .. Ngenxa yalokho, bakwazi futhi labizwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye amagagasi ovelele mechanical kagesi. Izinhlobo amagagasi esigabeni sokuqala kungabuye ihlukaniswe nokunwebeka nalabo zako ngesikhathi kwamanzi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuhlanganisa ukucabangela amandla medium esiphelweni. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukana eyinhloko futhi ethandwa kakhulu kuhlanganisa kuphela umsindo futhi amagagasi kagesi. Mayelana nabo esikhathini esizayo futhi kuzoxoxwa kabanzi.

incazelo jikelele

Noma yimuphi wave enezinto eziningi izakhiwo kanye nemingcele abasebenza ngazo kulo lingachazwa. Okokuqala, kungenxa ubude bayo, okuyinto eyabizwa ngokuthi λ (lambda). Ngaphezu kwalokho, it has a imvamisa, isikhathi kanye nesivinini. Eceleni ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana wavefront noma ngaphezulu, okusho ukuthi, iqoqo amaphuzu okuyizinto esigabeni esifanayo, futhi uvumelanise noma Vector okubonisa isiqondiso esiphelweni.

Nge ezimbili zokugcina imingcele ephathelene omunye ngezigaba. Kuye uhlobo wave phambi kungenzeka eyindilinga futhi flat. Ukuze lula izibalo kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga zingabhekwa njengezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu surface flat, kodwa kuphela uma ibanga abalulekile emthonjeni. Ngoba bonke laba izici, futhi ihlaba umkhosi izinhlobo ezahlukene amagagasi.

izibonelo

Ngaphezu izinto stroke kakhulu linjengenhlokomo string noma amagagasi olwandle, kungenzeka ukuba ucabange futhi mayelana imibuthano amanzi, evela edwaleni aphonswe, ukuqhuma, elele phansi esiphontshini elithambile, kanye nezinye izenzakalo eziningi. Ultraviolet noma infrared, kanye okungavunyelwe ngokuzwakalayo embuzweni endlebeni yomuntu - abakhathalelayo kuwukubonakaliswa lomkhuba efanayo wave esiphelweni. Izinhlobo amagagasi zahlukahlukene kakhulu, futhi bona ngokwabo enezici ngakho, ukuthi kunzima ngempela ukukholelwa ukuthi izinto ezahlukene, eqinisweni, sibe uhlobo olufanayo.

amaza omsindo: Izici

Ukuzwa unika umuntu lokunengi ulwazi mayelana nezwe. Kodwa ngaphandle amagagasi, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke. ukushintshashintsha umsindo yalo lisho nokunwebeka. engavamile kwawo kuhlanganisa eqinisweni lokuthi ubude amagagasi anjalo futhi ngenxa yalokhu, imvamisa kuba yokuthi ukuphakama useduze. Ukuze umuntu, Ibanga kusuka 20 kuya 20,000 Hertz. Noma aphansi libizwa infrasound, nangaphezulu - ultrasound. Eyokuqala ayikaqondwa kahle, kodwa yesibili kabanzi lisetshenziswe kwezesayensi, kwezokwelapha kanye nezinye izindima eziningi. Lawa izinhlobo amaza omsindo. Izici zinqunywa nemingcele ezifana ubude, imvamisa futhi inhlanganisela izindlela ezahlukene vibration. Ixhomeke ke, ngokulandelana, ivolumu, iphimbo kanye ngamazwi.

Njenganoma iyiphi enye igagasi, umsindo bemvelo kubangelwa kunyakaza. It okungase kuthintwe, isibonelo, emi ekhonsathini olandelayo kukholomu. Waves kungaba asakaze e izinhlobo eziningi izindawo, kuhlanganise liquid okuqinile. Esikhathini cleaner kunenkolelo ukuba imisindo inaudible. Yingakho ngakho ngokuvamile Ukuthuka ngase Hollywood abenzi mafilimu ukudubula izigcawu nge ukuqhuma okukhulu futhi elikhulu nasemkhathini ongenawo umoya isikhathi. Ucwaningo kunyakaza umsindo futhi amagagasi kuthatha ngempela engxenyeni enkulu physics - udluliseleke. Lena isayensi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngezindlela eziningi ekuphileni kwami. Ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa ulwazi udluliseleke yakhelwe ekhonsathini futhi opera amahholo ukuze ukumelwa babe ngokucacile ngaso sonke izindawo.

Bezibona umsindo nezilwane kungenxa ukuguqulwa kunyakaza mechanical ibe amaza kagesi. Le ndlela yokwenza kuyinto ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ukubaluleka kwaso ayikwazi babenesibindi esikhulu. Nokho, kungaba okufanayo wathi mayelana umsindo nhlobo. Ungawasebenzisa ukuxhumana, ukudlulisa ulwazi, ukushintsha isimo. Ezisithintayo abantu, ngisho noma aphume lalela. Yingakho kukhona, isibonelo, umqondo "ongcolile nomsindo". Per unit umthamo eyamukelwe emhlophe, okuthiwa ngakho emva usosayensi A. Bell, umsunguli we ucingo.

Izakhiwo kanye nezinhlobo amagagasi kagesi

Kodwa kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile oscillation, ngaphandle okuyinto kunzima ukucabanga ngokuphila yesimanje. Funny, imishini yezokuxhumana engenazo izintambo, umsakazo, imethrikhi namanye amadivayisi abaningi babengeke babe khona ukube kwakungengenxa zatholakala amagagasi kagesi. Nokho-ke ngeke zikwazi ukubona imibala, nokukhanya ngabe ayikho. Ungakwenza kanjani ukukucabanga?

Ngokungafani lolu hlobo oscillations umsindo kungaba asakaze e yimuphi medium, kufaka phakathi vacuo, nesivinini yabo ngejubane lokukhanya. Empeleni, lolu hlobo wave wokusakazeka Amasimu kagesi emkhathini kanye nesikhathi. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama-Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. kazibuthe kanye kagesi kuthiwa yanjalo ukukhiqiza nomunye futhi basakaza kanye zithwala Okusizayo perpendicular. Omunye izici eziyinhloko igagasi ezinjalo - kuba njalo transverse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo kusebenza ukushesha.

Ukuhlukanisa phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene amagagasi kagesi, kuncike ubude bawo. Kukhona 6 bands ezinkulu ende ukuze emfushane:

• amagagasi omsakazo;
• amaza okushisa, ngamanye amazwi, ukushisa;
• ukukhanya ebonakalayo nombala;
• ultraviolet;
• X-ray;
• ngemisebe-gamma (kuhlanganise emisebeni).

It ngempela cishe kungenakwenzeka ukubona ngeso lengqondo izwe ngaphandle zonke lezi zenzakalo.