WTO - kuyini? WTO lenhlangano: izimo zezwe, ubulungu

Ngamunye wethu njalo ukuzwa ezindabeni mayelana WTO. Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana le nhlangano kungatholakala ezincwadini ku geography nakwezomnotho. umsebenzi wayo ibaluleke kakhulu amazwe aseYurophu, kodwa abantu bethu bazi ngakho kancane. Okusanda kakhulu ngenkuthalo uxoxa ezifana "eRussia kanye WTO." Futhi ngemva the nesithakazelo esikhulayo, masizame ukuqonda lokhu ezilukhuni kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe.

Sakhiwo inhlangano

Ngakho, i-WTO - kuyini? Isifinyezo imele ngokuthi "World Trade Organization". It yasungulwa ngo 1995 ukunweba nenkululeko ukuhweba ezweni lonke, kanye kwezifunda, ukuthi ajoyine i-WTO. Ngo nsuku-General Agreement on Izimali kanye Trade, owasungulwa ngo-1947.

endlunkulu yayo itholakala Switzerland (Geneva). Okwamanje, umqondisi-jikelele we sakhiwo Pascal Lamy, futhi ubulungu lamazwe 159 phakathi 2013. Umcondzisi Jikelele uzithoba General Council noma iHhovisi likaNobhala, okuyinto ke kuholela ikhomishini eziningana.

Inkonzo lenkomfa - WTO abakhulu umzimba olusemthethweni. It ihlangana okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Umlando isakhiwo izingqungquthela ezinjalo eziyisithupha ahlelwa, futhi cishe ngamunye wabo ephelezelwa eziningi mbhikisho ingxenye izitha kwembulunga yonke. Sicabanga siye waphendula lo mbuzo: "? WTO, kuyini". Manje ake sihlole izinjongo inhlangano.

Izinhloso ezinkulu ezintathu

1. lula bushelelezi ekuhwebelaneni namazwe omhlaba kanye nokususwa kwezithiyo kuso. WTO inhlangano ayivumeli ngalesi nemiphumela engemihle, futhi ukuhlukumeza ahlukahlukene. Ukuze osomabhizinisi ngabanye, amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano yomnyango wemithetho ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba musa ukushintsha ngaphandle kwesaziso. incazelo babo bucacile futhi kuyaqondakala, kanye nokusetshenziswa - njalo.

2. Kusukela kwasayinwa imibhalo sivumelwano abathintekayo eziningi emazweni, mpikiswano njalo ezivukayo phakathi kwazo. WTO uba umlamuleli ezingxoxweni ngokwethula eziningi imikhawulo zokulawula nokudala nokwethenjelwa, esiza ukuba bagweme izingxabano.

3. yesithathu isici esibalulekile enhlanganweni - komnikazi kwenzinye izingxabano. Phela, amaqembu yezingxoxo kujwayele ukuthi imigomo lehlukile. Izinkontileka kanye nezivumelwano esiphethwe kucocisana we WTO, ngokuvamile incazelo kudingekile okwalandela. Zonke izindaba ayiphikiseki ziqondiswe kangcono inhlangano esungulwe oda esekelwe Okusizayo bavumelana izici ezingokomthetho ukuqinisekisa amaqembu amathuba alinganayo kanye namalungelo. Yingakho zonke izivumelwano ngemvume ngaphakathi kohlaka inhlangano zihlanganisa intwana ku nemibandela ukuxazulula ingxabano.

Izimiso ezinhlanu

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo izimiso ezinhlanu okufanele sihambisana isimiso sezwe zokuhweba.

1. Ukungacwasi

Awukho umbuso unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa kuphula omunye yizakhiwo imingcele yokungenisa kanye nokukhishwa izimpahla. Kahle kahle, kumele imikhiqizo kazwelonke angaphandle ithengiswe emakethe yasekhaya ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.

2. Ukuncishiswa ithintwasingxivizo (ukuhweba) izithiyo

Trade izithiyo - lawa izici ezivimbela ukuvela izimpahla angaphandle emakethe yasekhaya kwanoma yiliphi ilizwe. Okokuqala, bafake yokungenisa quota kanye nentela. Futhi ngaleso ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba kuthinta Inqubomgomo wokusungula exchange rate kanye izithiyo zokuphatha.

3. nokubikezela nokuzinza kwezimiso commercial

Uhulumeni, bezimali kanye izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe kumelwe siqiniseke ku nokungaguquguquki kwezimiso ukuhweba (wemali kanye lengakhokhelwa izithiyo) ngendlela ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokubonisana nomkayo.

4. Ingqondo yengxenye yokuncintisana

Ukuze ukuncintisana phakathi amafemu ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene bekutlhogeka alinganayo ukuvimbela izindlela ngokungafanele emzabalazweni - ukuthekelisa uxhaso (ukwesekwa uhulumeni timbiwa amafemu) kanye nesicelo ulahla (ikakhulukazi bengahlonishwa) intengo ukungena izimakethe ezintsha ukuthekelisa.

5. Kuzuze emazweni amazinga aphansi nentuthuko

Njengomthetho, emazweni WTO abe umnotho oqinile, kodwa kukhona amanye amazwe ampofu, lapho inhlangano inikeza amalungelo akhethekile. Lomgomo kungqubuzana nabanye, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba bagwala ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba lamazwe ne asezingeni eliphansi kwezentuthuko.

imisebenzi

• ukuqapha sokuhambisana WTO amalungiselelo eziyisisekelo;
• ukuxazulula ingxabano ku izinkinga namanye amazwe;
• ukusiza kokubili asathuthuka futhi ongaphakeme emazweni asethuthukile;
• nokubambisana nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba wonke;
• ukudalwa izimo ezikahle izingxoxo phakathi kwamalungu WTO;
• ukuqapha izinqubomgomo kazwelonke emkhakheni esikhuluma ngokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke.

inqubo ukubusa

Thina cishe wavula umbuzo "le WTO - kuyini?". It uhlala ukuze cabanga ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu-ke - inqubo ukungena, imfucuza zeminyaka khona inhlangano. Ukwahlulela ngokuhlangenwe nakho emazweni isicelo, inqubo Kuthatha cishe iminyaka 5-7.

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala, amaqembu akhethekile ukusebenza olwenziwa zihlolisisa isimo wezohwebo wezombusazwe futhi indlela umnotho wezindawo ukukhokha imali eningi State ukuhambisana nemithetho neziqondiso WTO. Khona-ke baqala sizongena imigomo engena inhlangano ezweni ikhandidethi. Futhi bangakwazi iqhaza futhi unesithakazelo angamalungu e-amaqembu okusebenza.

Isihloko asemqoka ezinkulumo - ezivuna "okudayiswayo abalulekile" ukuze uthole WTO ukufinyelela ezimakethe wayo ngemva isikhulu soMbuso ukubusa ikhandidethi kunhlangano. Ayikho ezingabalulekile kangako ukudingida lolu daba - isikhathi ukusithatha izibopho eziphuma ubulungu.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, iqembu isimo uzothola amalungelo, okuyizinto ngesikhathi amanye amalungu WTO. It uzoma ukubandlulula yayo amazwe. Uma noma yiliphi ilungu lenhlangano ukwenza izenzo ezingekho emthethweni, yiliphi izwe angafaka isikhalazo ne OPC (Ingxabano Settlement umzimba). Ezingeni likazwelonke, ke ubophekile ukuba khiphani isinqumo, ilungu WTO ngamunye.

Isinyathelo sokugcina kuciniswa yisishayamthetho State of ozobhapathizwa yonke imibhalo kuvunyelwa weThimba futhi ivunyelwe yi-General Council. Ngemva le nqubo, izwe othola isimo ezifanele.

Russia nase WTO

Njengoba umnotho wezwe lakithi (nanini kwenzeke ngayo selokhu kwawa USSR), bayanda bafakwe ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba baqala ukuvela isidingo uyokuwa. okuxoxwe ingeyokuqala phakathi WTO ukuthi ubuholi Russian kudala njengoba 1995, lapho izingxoxo yayiqhutshelwa. ukubusa Country ukuze inhlangano izonikeza eziningi izinzuzo. Futhi uma ucabangela ijubane ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba wonke, ukulungiselela yabo buya eqhulwini. Amabhonasi uzothola iRussia ngemva-kuya WTO:

• izimo best for ukufinyelela imikhiqizo yethu ukuze eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke;
• ekwandiseni amathuba zimali Russian ngokuya ukufinyelela ezimakethe kwamanye amazwe iqhaza enhlanganweni;
• ekuthuthukiseni isithombe wezwe in the kwezepolitiki ngamazwe;
• ikhono ukusebenzisa WTO nesisekelo esingokomthetho sokuthethelela ukukhokhela izingxabano ukuhweba;
• babamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni imithetho kanye namazinga ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba ngezinhlanzi umbono abazithandayo.

Ngo-2012 yaphela engu-16 izingxoxo ukubusa waseRussia kuya WTO. INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ithunyelwe ku isivumelwano samazwe ukuze siqinisekise nokuhambisana nomthetho waseRussia. Ngo-July 2012 inkantolo elotshiwe phakathi kwezimo inkontileka WTO umthetho, njengazo zonke sivumelwano sonke. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-11 kaMengameli VV Putin ngemvume isimemezelo ku ukubusa waseRussia kwinhlangano.

ukugxekwa

Sethemba, sakhuluma ngokuningiliziwe mayelana inhlangano, futhi awusenayo umbuzo: "WTO - kuyini?". Ekuphetheni, amagama ambalwa ukugxeka.

Abantu abaningi abavumelani WTO nemigomo yeNhlangano ukuhweba khulula. Bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zimiso zazisebenza musa ezinomthelela ekuphileni elichumayo ukuze abantu abaningi, kodwa kuphela kuholele kwandzisa lwati we yamazwe acebile kakade (kanye nabantu). Futhi, izivumelwano WTO basolwa ngokungafanele kuqala emazweni acebile corporations sezizwe ezihlukahlukene.

Abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi encane ilungu amazwe WTO abanalo ithonya enhlanganweni, futhi ithuthukiswe - agxila ngokukhethekile izithakazelo zabo commercial. Futhi, ngokusho kongoti, ukuvikeleka kwemvelo kanye nezempilo njalo kuthiwa kulandela kamuva esivuna izinzuzo ezengeziwe sebhizinisi.