Yini fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni? Fighter engcono phezulu emhlabeni 10

Njengoba seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sempi yezikhali ezazilwandulele, ezifana impi eSpain Abyssinia kucaca indima juqu umphumela izindiza zempi. Air bokuphakama inquma impumelelo. Bese kuba khona babesendlini futhi Korea, eVietnam, Afghanistan, Iran nase-Iraq, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Iraq, futhi nakwezinye izimpi eziningi zendawo, wayekuqonda ukubaluleka kokuyazi izindiza ezimpini. Ngaphandle ikhono bhekana ngempumelelo izenzo zokuhlasela kanye webhomu izindiza lesitha akukho ithuba lokuwina. Futhi ukuthi sidinga futhi indlela yokuzivikela, kanye uhlobo oluthile izindiza, ezithinta izimfanelo eziningana ezikhethekile, ezifana speed, maneuverability engozini ongaphakeme.

Imibono mayelana yini okufanele fighter engcono, kwashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka. On the yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo yalolu hlobo eziphathelene nezempi abathintekayo nobuchwepheshe abasafufusa, kanye nakho eyakuthola ngenkathi izindleko umhlatshelo omkhulu.

Namathathu banesifo esibi futhi forties, inkathi fighter isikulufa

ESpain, isibhakabhaka kubonakaliswa kahle ukuba indiza Soviet mina-16. Kusukela ngomhla ka-1936, kwaba, mhlawumbe, fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Its design Polikarpov bureau onjiniyela wasebenzisa nezixazululo zakamuva lobuchwepheshe, evula indlela ngesikhathi sako. Kwakuwusuku imodeli ukukhiqizwa lokuqala nge retractable kokwehla gear, injini esinamandla futhi ukwakhiwa kwezikhali (kuhlanganise nokuthi angase ukufakwa kwaba ezicitshwayo unguided). Kodwa ukubusa "Chatos" ( "elimile elinekhala" - ngakho yayibizwa ngokuthi Republican iphrofayela bonnet) akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Esibhakabhakeni sengathi German "Messerschmitt-109", okuyinto ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili yabekwa ukulungiswa eziningana. Ancintisane nayo babeyidlanzana nje izindiza ezimbalwa, ezifanayo ebangeni injini amandla phakathi kwabo kwakukhona amaNgisi "Spitfire" futhi wasungula kwesikhashana American "Mustang".

Kodwa zonke ezivelele lobuchwepheshe, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuhlolwa olunzulu ukuze kutholakale indiza engcono. Fighter, kuvela, futhi zingase zihluke, futhi udinga ukulicubungula ngezindlela eziningi.

Amahlanu, Korea

Ngo ngemva kwempi, nge obhekwe jet izinjini kwaphawula ukuqala izizukulwane fighters. Eyokuqala yalezi ingahlanganisa kokuqala onjiniyela ukuthuthukiswa emhlabeni wonke, waqala emuva maphakathi nawo-forties. Kithina kwaba MIG-9, ku nemingcele nje liphumile "Messerschmitt-262". Kakade phakathi Nempi YaseKorea , baseMelika bashaqeka yi ukumangala ezingemnandi ngabo.

Swift, a MIG-15 compact futhi ezikwazi kakhulu ochotshoziwe amandla ezibonakala obungantengantengi US Strategic Air Command. Kusukela kulo mzuzwana kuvela isizukulwane sesibili. Khona-ke kwaba fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi kwathatha isikhathi eside ukuba bamakhele Umphikisi Uyakufanelekela, egcwele "Saber".

Sixties, Vietnam naseMpumalanga Ephakathi

Khona-ke kwaba khona inhliziyo YaseVietnam. Esibhakabhakeni, azungeza in the "inja lwempi" ezimbili abaphikisi ukuphila, "Phantom" kanye MIG-21. Lezi Jets zazihluke kakhulu, kokubili ubukhulu nesisindo, kanye nezinga kwezikhali. American F-4 esingamakhilogremu kabili njengoba Interceptor laseSoviet kancane ezikwazi, kodwa kunezinzuzo eziningana empini zazisuka.

Nquma okuyinto fighter engcono ngalwa esibhakabhakeni Vietnamese, kunzima, kodwa amaphuzu wawuyizinkulungwane esivuna MIG. Kufanele ikhumbule iqiniso lokuthi amanani efanayo, izindiza Soviet abiza kakhulu (ngezinye izikhathi) eshibhile, ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni umphumela okungekuhle empini amaMelika elahlekile pilot ezimbili esikhundleni esisodwa. Zombili lezi izindiza kakade isizukulwane sesithathu izindiza. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, inqubekelaphambili aqhubeka interceptors ngokushesha wake nezimfuneko ezibophayo kakhulu.

Isizukulwane sesine ukusukela ngeminyaka yoma

Kusukela ngo-1970, ukuthuthukiswa fighter aircraft umkhakha sesiqhubeke imigqa emisha main. Avionics isibe nje ithuluzi ukusiza umshayeli uzingela izitha nokuxazulula izinkinga olwandle, wamthatha ezintweni eziningi zokuphatha imisebenzi. Sekuvele ngezinga ebaluleke kakhulu ukubonakala ukuthi indiza isitha radar. Guqula izilungiselelo izinjini, futhi ngemva kwayo Vector zaqala ukushintsha okungenze ngazizwa kakhulu ukuwenza uvumelane lobubhalo. Nquma okuyinto fighter engcono fanele kuze kube sesizukulwaneni sesine, akulula kunjalo, imibono ngale ndaba zihlukaniswe. I-US F-15 has abasekeli bayo, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga, futhi babe izingxabano zabo siqu, iningi okuyinto isipiliyoni ngempumelelo ukulwa okuqasha "Lokhozi". Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kwesizukulwane sesine fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni - i-Su-27 Russian ezenziwe.

Isizukulwane ngesizukulwane

Generation jet interceptors kuthiwa bahlukana ngezizathu eziningana: ngesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa, iphiko ukuma nohlobo lokwaziswa ukugcwaliswa namanye sokunquma okungaphezulu, kodwa umehluko ocacile ukudonselwa phakathi kwazo akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi, kusenzima okunemibandela. Ngokwesibonelo, ezijulile ukuguqulwa MIG-21 njengoba izici zayo ethuthukisiwe, kungaba kubhekwe cishe njengomsolwa wesine isizukulwane izindiza cishe zonke izinkomba ukulwa ukusebenza.

I isiqondiso design imibono

Interceptors isizukulwane lesihlanu manje yisisekelo Air Force of eRussia nakwamanye amazwe obusezingeni. Bayakwazi ukwenza ezihlukahlukene combat ohambweni, ukuvikela wezasemoyeni lamazwe yabo, zidayiswa ngo kohlaka nokubambisana samasosha lwezobuchwepheshe abazibandakanye kwezolimo. Kodwa umsebenzi kumaphrojekthi entsha okuqhubekayo. yesimanje imishini izindiza amasampula Advanced babe ezinye izici ukuthi ukuhlukanisa kubo kusukela ababengaphambi zabo, okunikeza isizathu sokukholwa ukuthi baphendukela kakade isizukulwane lesihlanu. Timphawu zibandakanya ongaphakeme radar ukubonakala, obonakaliswe umzamo ukususa zonke izinhlobo izikhali, ngaphambi kokuba ibekwe umthwalo zangaphandle kanye netheknoloji radar iyavuleka evele, uthole onesandla ukukhanya amaMelika ngokuthi "Stealth." Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke impumelelo zakamuva emkhakheni zezindiza injini, umkhumbi nokulawula izinhlelo ikhomba izindiza kungokwalabo isizukulwane yakamuva. Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza ebalulekile Umklamo izinto esiyinhlanganisela, okuyinto kunciphisa isisindo, futhi, kuphakamisa esiqiwini. Iphinde kumele sibe ngalendlela namuhla fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izithombe zalesi izindiza liyabonakala, fuselage ukuma izindiza emincane ngaphezulu, izinjini ushiye icishe ingabonakali nhlobo umusi umzila kanye Imibhobho esemzimbeni abe engela kahle eliphezulu yezingozi ngokushintshana.

"Raptor"

Okuthile bona ezingefani ngempela nalezo, nakuba jikelele isakhiwo imidwebo, kanye nemingcele lobuchwepheshe we sesihlanu izindiza interceptors zihluke ngokuphelele. Lezi zihlanganisa wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke "Raptor" F-22. Ongoti, ikakhulukazi American, bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto - fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-agumenti main esivuna lo mbono Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi "Raptor" - kuphela emhlabeni mass-kukhiqizwa nokwamukela umshini elihambisana tidzingo teMtsetfo weMkhandlu Interceptor sesihlanu. Zonke ezinye onobuhle efanayo, kuhlanganise naseRussia, angaphansi ukuthuthukiswa kanye intuthuko. Kukhona esibalulekile, ukuvumela ukungabaza ngokunemba imibono enjalo. Iqiniso lokuthi F-22 engakaze nengxenye ekulweni, nokuthi sizokuthinta aziphathe empini yangempela alwaziwa. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-American samasosha zezimboni complex kabanzi ikhangiswe esilayidi webhomu B-2, bese kwathi ngisho radars ephelelwe yisikhathi iSoviet, ukwakhiwa kwezikhali yebutho eYugoslavia, kungaba bona it.

Futhi njengoba nje nathi siwamukele?

ERussia, yebo, ungashiyi ngaphandle ukunakekela US ezama ukufeza hegemony wezempi. Sihlela ukwakha indiza ukuthi ukuncintisana nezinkampani eziphambili kakhulu Interceptor isitha ezingaba khona. iPlani lakhe ukuba 'sigqoke iphiko "emuva ngo-2005, kodwa obubudisi uvinjelwe ikakhulu kwezomnotho. Emazweni athuthukile, ukudalwa isampula ezifanayo futhi ekubeka ebhodini Ngokwejwayelekile kuthatha isikhathi esingamasonto emashumini eyodwa nengxenye, futhi okusetshenzelwa Sukhoi wathola ngo-1999. izibalo ezilula zisikisela ukuthi usuku lapho Russian Air Force uzothola fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni, - 2014 noma 2015.

On it is kancane eyaziwa. Bayibiza iphrojekthi akuyona nje endizeni noma Interceptor futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi zezindiza wezindlela. (PAKFA - "P" imele ngombono, "A" - Aviation, abanye Aircraft tautology singathethelelwa) Ukusuka Isisindo -. Cishe 20 amathani, njengoba e-US F-22 futhi uye Awukatholi izikhali F-35. izici Tactical avumele ukusetshenziswa imoto nge-CPA encane, isicelo ubuchwepheshe encane radiozametnosti. Ngokwemvelo, izimpahla ezisebenza ngogesi - eziphambili kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuzoba fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni. T-50 - kwenye ingxenyekazi igama PAKFA, kungenzeka ukuthi lezi amakhodi ukusebenza akhale notation classical "Su" nabanye inombolo.

China

Abangane bethu Chinese isikhathi eside akazihluphi nomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa izindiza zayo siqu. Ngokuvamile e China wakhetha yisibonelo esihle Soviet, lithole idumela elihle, wathenga ngemibhalo yomsebenzi ezivezwa Inkomba yayo, ehlanganisa uhlamvu Y (ngoba amasosha ezitha nezakhamuzi) noma J (amasosha) kanye nenani. Nokho, boom kwezomnotho ka namashumi okugcina eminyaka, uye ishintsha China ezweni studio jikelele, kwaphoqa umkhakha zabantu zezindiza ukuze uqalise kumaphrojekthi akho. Mhlawumbe, J-10 hhayi fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa zonke ezaziwayo TTD le izindiza kuthiwa ukuthi kuyinto umshini on the esengozini IV V izizukulwane benethuba ukuguqulwa eyengeziwe. Isinqumo sokuqala jikelele inhlangano scheme (deltoid "duck" kungekho umsila zakudala) ukhuluma ngobuciko, ukuthi lesi sikhathi lo abenzi bezindiza Chinese ayenze ngaphandle ukubolekisa zangaphandle, okubonisa indlela yayo.

Top hit umbukiso

Umlando zezindiza emhlabeni ecebile ne ezifezwayo. I okubaliwe ongelutho Interceptor izindiza, okuyinto eyaba ngobuciko ubunjiniyela, kuzothatha isikhala esiningi up. Indlela ukukhetha fighter engcono? Phakathi ezindleleni eziyimpumelelo asikwazi bayakhohlwa La-5 kanye La-7, "Cobra", abeenqwelo I. N. Kozhedub kanye AI Pokryshkin, isiFulentshi "Mirage", Swedish "Saab", ngesiNgisi "Umbani" futhi nezinye izimoto eziningi ezinamandla futhi emuhle. Umsebenzi nzima yokuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ephelele indiza ukulwa, ke cishe njalo kwaba isitha ayakufanelekela. Ngakho-ke, ukukala okunemibandela we Interceptor esivelele kunazo kunengqondo ukwethula ngazimbili:

1. "Messerschmitt-109" futhi "Spitfire". Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, izindiza Soviet zazizinhle, kodwa zazingenawo izinjini ezinamandla, ngakho babengafuni lutho aphume uhlu phezulu.
2. Mig-15 "Saber" F-86. Sinenkosi amaningi navoyevat nomunye eKorea.
3. "Phantom" F-4-21 kanye Mig. Vietnam, eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nezinye izingxabano zempi bakhomba izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka babantu lezi izindiza ezahlukene.
4. «Eagle» F-15 ngokumelene Su-27. "Lokhozi" enedumela elihle kakhulu isicelo yayo ngempumelelo yeshashalazi yesimanje. "Dry" akuyona zingaphansi kwakhe ekwenzeni lobuchwepheshe kakhulu futhi Tactical, futhi kwezinye izimo aphakeme, kodwa ukulwa nakho akwanele ngoba kokunqoba ngokuphelele emncintiswaneni sesihloko "fighter engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni." 2014 kwaphawula Ukwamukelwa Russian Air Force ukulwa amayunithi kweshumi Su-35s, okuyizinto kakhulu inguqulo yesimanje ye Su-27.
5. T-50 "Raptor". Abaphikisi, egade kubonakala kuyindaba ehloniphekile. Kungaba ngcono uma akuzange kwenzeke ngo-air izimpi, kodwa uma kwenzeka lokhu esikhathini esizayo, kukhona awokuthi imoto yethu ngeke iphele.

Siyoba yini fighter ubhedu emhlabeni kwekhulu lama-21? Akekho owaziyo ukuthi imiqondo emisha onjiniyela, izindiza nabaqambi esizayo. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kuphela nje ungakaqali, futhi zonke izimpawu zikhomba ukuthi lizakuphendula ...