Yiziphi ezemidlalo ebusika? Biathlon. Bobsleigh. Ukushushuluza. Ukushushuluza unqamule izwe. Ski Jumping. Luge. Skeleton. Snowboard. sibalo ukushushuluza

Winter ezemidlalo lalingekho ngaphandle iqhwa. Iningi lawo abantu bemthanda abalandeli yokuphila asebenzayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi cishe zonke sports ebusika, uhlu okuyinto sanda, zifakwe ohlelweni umncintiswano we-Olympic Games. Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo.

uhlanga ezingalindelekile

Intaba ukushibilika eqhweni (freeride) - ubonise kanjani umxhwele, futhi kuyingozi kangaka. Umncintiswano Kunenkolelo ibhalwe futhi akhonzwa umzila. Professionals kuleli cala, uqaphele ukuthi iqhwa virgin - ebusweni best for ukudalulwa wonke amathuba yalesi imishini ezemidlalo, like entabeni snowboarding. Wabasaqalayo akukuhle ukulinga ukhanda, ngoba eziningi izingozi endaweni ongayazi.

imincintiswano International Freeride yenziwa njalo ngonyaka phakathi nayizimfundamakhwela kanye ochwepheshe. Lo mdlalo luhlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo:

• freeride Esilula. Lolu khetho iyona elula nephephile. Abaqhudelanayo badlwengule entabeni lift. I Uzalo Kwenziwa yini phezu nasemithambekeni emibi kakhulu.
• Backcountry. It ihlukile sangaphambilini ukuthi abasubathi ngokwabo emuva phezulu. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje ithandwa kakhulu.
• Xelibording-. Abahlanganyeli sentaba unika endizeni. ifomu Expensive lokuzijabulisa. Kwamanye amazwe ke akuvunyelwe.
• Ketskiing. On abasubathi phezulu ukuletha umshini ekhethekile (snowcat). Ezishibhile helibording.
• Snoumotorbording. Umgomo we -skiing amanzi, kodwa esikhundleni amanzi - iqhwa, kodwa kunalokho isikebhe - snowmobile.

Uma ufuna ukuzama ngokwakho kulo mdlalo kodwa Snowboard udinga Uphenyo ngendathane futhi lokwela, a beeper, umsakazo, isigqoko ukuphepha, kanye esebenzisa zokutakula uma kwenzeka i hit ngendathane.

Sledge omdala

Skeleton - umdlalo eyehlayo ngesivinini. Lo mdlalo inegama elifanayo njengoba projectile main. Skeleton - uhlobo sledge nge kwesamba Uhlaka steel skids. Athlete uwela phezu kwabo yekuhambisa sandla. Ukuphathwa Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa spikes okhethekileko izicathulo.

Umncintiswano kokuqala kwenzeka ngo ezikude 1890 e Innsbruck (Austria). Ngo sports ebusika, okuyiwona imincintiswano aphethwe eMidlalweni Yama-Olympic, kamuva zihlanganiswe futhi skeleton. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1928. Iqhawe kuqala-Olympic e skeleton Jennison Heaton baba-United States of America. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uzothatha indondo esiliva waya kumfowabo omncane.

isivinini Skeleton ngesikhathi ukusheshisa - amane amakhilomitha ngehora. Maximum - 130 km / h. Uma iqhathaniswa nezinhloko-Bobsleigh futhi Awe-Tobogganing, skeleton kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuhlukumeza kancane imithetho kungaholela ezinhlekeleleni kanye nokufa kwabantu.

Ingqikithi yesisindo sezinto le projectile futhi lo msubathi kumele singeqi 115 khilogremu abesilisa 92 - kwabesifazane. Uma kudingekile, isikhathi esabiweko kungenzeka isihlibhi isikebhe sizinze ekhethekile.

toboggan

Abasubathi ukuncintisana ekwehleni ezikuthrekhi lelungiselelwe. Basuke etholakala nesihlibhi olulodwa noma kabili emhlane wakhe, izinyawo kuqala. Ukuze ulawule yokuma igobolondo umzimba washintsha.

winner Laurels uthola umuntu ngokushesha kuyoba entanjeni. Uma nomsubathi eqeda ngaphandle isihlibhi, yena ongafanelekile. Ekwindla ka-the projectile kungenzeka ukuyeka, ukubekwa endaweni isihlibhi futhi baqhubeka ekwehleleni.

I isihlibhi kudivayisi kanye isisindo ebalulwe kumithethonkombiso. imikhawulo iyasebenza empahleni ne abadlali kanye isisindo sabo. Phakathi mncintiswano kwangaphambilini Ukusetha i-oda ukuqala.

Imincintiswano ezingase zibhekwe emithambekeni zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Kwakamuva eziklanyelwe umcimbi. Luge okudume kakhulu emazweni Alpine. Futhi kukhona zonke emithambekeni zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa kakhulu.

Ski ithrekhi izingcingo

Ski izinhlanga aphethwe ithrekhi walungisa ngokukhethekile. Umncintiswano abathintekayo umuntu isigaba esithile - ubulili, ubudala, njll Ngokokuqala ngqá mncintiswano kulo mdlalo wenzeka ngo-1767 e-Norway ... Ngokwesibonelo eNorway ngokushesha kulandele Finns futhi abaseSweden. Khona-ke ski yamahhashi Craze ishanelwe eYurophu Ephakathi. Ngu ngonyaka izinkulungwane ezimbili, kwakukhona kancane kancane kwekhulu kazwelonke nemifelandawonye Ukushushuluza.

Ukushushuluza unqamule izwe kungathatha indawo kokubili ogibele zakudala freestyle. Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe:

• samuntu Classic kuhilela ukuhamba skier ezikuthrekhi ngaphambilini walungisa ehlanganisa imigqa emibili ngokulinganisa. Standard ski uhamba selihlukene laba elinye futhi kanyekanye (ngezigaba njengoba kungenziwa ukuyichaza, esekelwe izinti imodi okunyanyekayo). Isibalo sezinyathelo komunye umjikelezo ichaza besshazhny, chetyrehshazhny noma hambisa dvuhshazhny. I okufana ezivamile lakamuva. Le ndlela kusiza ukufeza esiphezulu ukunyakaza Isivinini ezindaweni plain no flat (emthambekeni - hhayi degrees engaphezu kwemibili, noma cha angaphezu kwayisihlanu, enhle kakhulu beya futhi ephakamisa emthambekeni isilinganiso).
• skier Freestyle kusikisela inkululeko ephelele isinyathelo. I umdlali ekhetha option best for ibanga ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Lesi sitayela ibizwa ngokuthi i-Analogue of ukushushuluza. Professionals uncamela kanyekanye odnoshazhny ukushushuluza hambisa noma kanyekanye dvuhshazhny.

Uhlu futhi kafushane zichaza izinhlobo esezingeni unqamule izwe:

• Fanisa nge isiqalo ehlukile. Skiers ukuqala ukulandelana ezithile futhi isikhawu isethi. Njengomthetho, kuba imizuzwana amathathu esingaphansi ngomzuzu 1 noma amasekhondi angu-15. Ukulandelana kusiza ukucacisa draw, noma isikhundla wamanje kule simo abasubathi. Eziqine uzoqala zokugcina. Lapho kubalwa yi yokugcina yesikhathi sekugcineni of skier oqothulayo ngamunye isiqalo.
• isiqalo eMiseni. Zonke abasubathi ukuqalisa ukuncintisana ngesikhathi esifanayo. Indawo elihle kunawo waya skiers, owaba the best in the odlule isizini ngikwazi ukuqala.
• Ukuphishekela. Lolu hlobo lwe-uhlanga umcimbi elihlangene ezihilela izigaba eziningana. Imiphumela izinhlanga odlule inquma isiqalo isikhundla skiers. Ukuphishekela ngokuvamile senzeka ngezigaba ezimbili, enye yazo abahlanganyeli ukusebenzisa isitayela mahhala, futhi ngakolunye - Classic. Lezi izinhlanga aphethwe noma izinsuku ezimbili, noma nge esingaba amahora ambalwa.
• Edluliselwe izinhlanga ehilela ukuncintisana amaqembu skiers ezine. Umncintiswano Kunenkolelo ngezigaba ezine. Luqala ngokunikela isiqalo mass. shintsho inqubo - touch umlingani uhlangothi, kokubili nomsubathi kufanele ibe indawo ekhethekile (shintsho isikhundla).
• Sprint ngamunye. Umncintiswano iqala nge isiqalo ehlukile. Kuyinto ziqu. Ngemva kwalokho, skiers final e-Sprint. Kuze imizuliswano yokugcina, njengoba umthetho, kuziwa kungekho abasubathi engaphezu kuka amathathu. Iza ukuqala-quarter finals kowe, semi final bese, bese - ku final futhi A.
• Ithimba Sprint limelela baton. Ithimba ngalinye has nabagibeli ababili. Running kusukela emathangeni kwemithathu kuya kweyisithupha ithrekhi, balandela nomunye yanjalo. Uma imincintiswano semi final (ezimbili) amaqembu isicelo eziningi, aphethwe.

Ngezinye imincintiswano olusemthethweni obuphelele ibanga kungaba kusuka eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili kuze kube amakhilomitha amahlanu.

A eqa ebumnyameni

Winter ezemidlalo zihlanganisa ukweqa ski nge pre-ifakwe kickers. izenzakalo ezinjalo zingase zifakwe Nordic kuhlangene noma kwenziwe ngokwehlukile.

Lo mdlalo kufika kithi evela eNorway. Kuleli zwe isikhathi eside ukuncintisana kule slalom - ugibele esuka ezintabeni. Ifakiwe ezinhlwini Winter Olympic. Ezemidlalo, okuyinto zizofuna ngendondo athandwayo, bagxume besuka emazwini zithuthukisa semidesyatimetrovogo wajoyina ngo-1924. Abahlanganyeli lesi senzakalo bese, futhi manje kungenzeka kwabadlali besilisa kuphela.

Okwamanje, ukweqa kungase kuthathe indawo kokubili ehlobo nasebusika. I ukwethulwa eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi aphethwe the nobusika ku devyanostometrovyh (nangaphezulu) ukweqa.

Ake sixoxe inqubo lo mdlalo. Izakhi eziyisisekelo - zisakaza, okwesula ukwehlukana etafuleni, esigabeni sendiza, kokwehla. Indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu ikhono athlete Ukudidiyela kahle nokuhamba kwazo.

Sigaba indiza izinyawo skier sika kukhona endizeni. On esigabeni lokubikezela nemilenze engezansi kumelwe athathe isikhundla ebizwa ngokuthi raznozhkoy (Telemark). Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngonyawo olulodwa isethwe phambili, omunye kubuyiswe, kokubili izimisele emadolweni. Wabeka izandla ezibekwe ebanzi kuka ububanzi ehlombe. Ukushushuluza okwamanje kufanele kube eduze ndawonye parallel nomunye. I cababa ukunikeza ukulinganisela kokuxhumana okusezingeni eliphezulu motor. Uma kwenzeka kokusebenza engalungile raznozhki umsubathi ilahlekelwa amaphuzu eziyigugu. AbaHluleli acabangisise kokwehla skier. Ukuthinta kobuso entabeni iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, ukunyakaza ezingadingekile, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, falling - konke lokhu igcwele ebanjwayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma lo msubathi wathatheka isici esikhethekile, ke ayithinti umphumela.

gxuma amasu uhlolwa amajaji amahlanu. Umkhawulo kungenzeka score - amabili. Ukuze umphumela ungeze isamba izikolo ibanga gxuma (ibalwa itafula ekhethekile).

Qalisa okusheshayo, ukudubula ngokunembile

Ingabe unentshisekelo lolu hlobo ezemidlalo efana Biathlon? Chaza imithetho eyisisekelo mncintiswano kanye izigaba ngazinye lesi senzo umlutha.

• uhlanga ngamunye. Biathlon wawubangelwa ukuthi uhlobo umncintiswano. Kuyinto isiyalo endala. Skiers ukuya ekuqaleni umahluko 30-60 imizuzwana. Ibanga obuphelele - amakhilomitha amabili, kokuphakama - kusuka ngamamitha 600 kuya 750. umsubathi ngamunye unala imizuliswano amabili nabancane osezingeni sokuzingela isisindo cishe emithathu Kilos nengxenye. Inselele unqobe skiers labadubuli imigqa emine (ngasinye Okuqondiwe emihlanu). Ukudubula kwenziwa ngokulandelana, isikhundla avunyelwe - elele phansi noma umile. Intuthuko elise phakathi kwesizukulwane sesithathu naphezu nesikhombisa a ikhilomitha nengxenye, nalesikhathi ngokuvamile amakhilomitha amathathu. Skier khulula ukukhetha target yabo. Ibanga phakathi athlete umgomo - amamitha amahlanu. Uma kukhona ushayiwe, ilitshe ngeke ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvala disc emhlophe. Slip kufaka imizuzu isigwebo. I ububanzi of the target ngokudubula e-isikhundla lisalele kuyinto amamilimitha angu amane nanhlanu ku imile - omunye neshumi nanhlanu amamilimitha angu.

• Sprint. Ubude ibanga - amakhilomitha ayishumi, kokuphakama - amamitha angamakhulu amathathu, amane namashumi amahlanu. Isikhawu esiphakathi kokuqala abasubathi kuyafana emncintiswaneni ngabanye - imizuzwana amathathu ukuba ayisithupha. labadubuli Umugqa wokuqala itholakala amakhilomitha amathathu ngemuva kokuqala (avunyelwe kuphela ukudubula elele phansi), owesibili - emva amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa (abasubathi hit ilitshe ngenkathi nokuma). Isijeziso zonke miss - loop kokujeziswa 150 amamitha. Ukuze unqobe ke, skier uchitha ngokuvamile imizuzwana 20-25. Le abadlali esiqine ukuza entanjeni kumaminithi amabili nane (uma ungenawo uhola zamafayibha isigwebo). Ibanga uyabazisa abesifazane amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa nengxenye. imigqa kokudubula ezimbili nengxenye futhi amakhilomitha amahlanu ngemuva kokuqala. Zonke ezinye umehluko phakathi Sprint zabesilisa khona.
• Edluliselwe uhlanga abalandeli wacabangela emangalisa kakhulu Biathlon. Amathimba kumiswa abasubathi ezine. Umncintiswano iqala isiqalo mass. Ibanga ukuthi kumele sinqobe biathlete ngamunye, ingamakhilomitha angu-eyisikhombisa nengxenye. kokudubula imigqa emibili. Ngesikhathi Inhlamvu yokuqala bemi yesibili - amanga. On target ngamunye unikezwa izinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili, ezinhlanu zazo kakade esitolo, kanti bonke abanye basolwa ngesandla uma kunesidingo. Omunye iphutha - omunye isigwebo ngesikhathi ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amamitha. Ukunqoba ibanga lakhe skier sihamba baton ukuba ilungu esilandelayo ithimba labo. I biathletes elitheni ukukhombisa yi team, amakhilomitha amathathu kumaminithi ayisishiyagalombili.
• Ukuphishekela (Ukuphishekela). Lolu hlobo mncintiswano okokuqala kufakwe uhlelo ubuqhawe kanye World Cup ngo-1996. Uqala i biathletes ayisithupha. Uhlanga sivame kusaba kwesigamu sehora. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo imincintiswano yalolu hlobo ukulingana ngempumelelo ku grid ukusakazwa ithelevishini. I-oda nokulandelela ngezikhawu kunqunywa kubahlanganyeli uhlanga Sprint. Imincintiswano kukhona ezingalindelekile ngoba abaholi kuvame ukulandela nomunye ngenxa Imiphumela olungalungile ngendlela umgomo. Ibanga kubagijimi owesilisa ingamakhilomitha angu nambili nesigamu. Abesifazane unqobe ibanga amakhilomitha ayishumi. Okokuqala okubili uhla sokudubula labadubuli elele phansi ezimbili zokugcina - emi. Ngakho, skiers, ukudubula unethemba endaweni evundlile, nethuba uthole ngaphambi ekuqaleni komdlalo. Abasubathi, like ukushaya nokuma target, nethuba ukuthatha isikhundla okuholela ngaleso sekugcineni. Ukunemba kulokhu isihluthulelo ukusebenza ngempumelelo, angeke kushiwo we Sprint, lapho amaphutha ngeshwa kungaba inzuzo isivinini. Isijeziso ageje indinganiso target - ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu kwamamitha isigwebo. Kusukela ngo-2002 Ukuphishekela kufakwe ezemidlalo ebusika, okuyiwona ungathola indondo kuma-Olympics.
• isiqalo IMisa kuhilela abasubathi amabili nesikhombisa abaye babonisa kangcono kunabanye-World Cup. imithetho umncintiswano iyefana uhlanga ngabanye. Okungabalulwa ibanga obuphelele (okuyinto emifushane), nalapho adubula isikhundla (ezithandwa, zilale phansi, futhi uyasukuma, nokuma).

isivinini isihlibhi

I Uzalo entabeni ngesivinini ubhontshisi phezu ngokukhethekile ahlomele kulo mzila - umdlalo-Olympic. Bobsleigh livela Switzerland. Ngo-1888, uWilson, Smith khona umqondo ukuxhuma amabili namabhuzu ngesivinini isihlibhi ukuhamba kusukela St Moritz ukuba Celerina, ngokwendawo elise kancane. Ezemfundo club bobsled wokuqala emhlabeni kwadingeka ekupheleni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sisungule imithetho eyisisekelo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iqembu le-isihlibhi ke kwaba ithimba abasubathi abahlanu - abesifazane ababili nabesilisa abathathu.

Zonke sledge Bobsleigh inyatheliswe iphrojekthi olulodwa - i umzimba wonke-metal, umumo ovikelekile, amabili namabhuzu isikeyiti-umgijimi (ngaphambili kuyinto ezithathekayo esebenzisa ukulawula yayo wenziwa; ezingemuva umile, obhekene okusithiyayo).

Okwamanje, umncintiswano esetshenziswa bobsled double futhi quadruple. I "ezimbili" yilezi: isisindo - akukho amakhilogremu angaphezu kwelilodwa namashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu, ubude - akukho kuka 2.7 amamitha. I "quartet" kufanele kube ayisekho kuka 3.8 amamitha futhi akukho amakhilogremu ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho amabili namashumi amathathu.

Uyini bobsled? Lokhu umshushuluzo ice ngokufanele kwi kwagcizelela base ukhonkolo, esakhiwe egoba eziningi futhi esonta. Inani ithrekhi obuphelele ziyahlukahluka kusuka nengxenye amakhilomitha amabili. Umahluko ukuphakama - kusuka ngamamitha 130 kuya ku-150. Phakathi Uzalo isihlibhi ukufinyelela isivinini 150 ngehora.

Dancing on Ice

Figure ukushushuluza ihamba abasubathi ngezicathulo eqhweni amajazi. izakhi ezengeziwe abathola isahlulelo ngesikhathi esifanayo umculo. Ngo imincintiswano olusemthethweni isinqumo ukudlala amasethi ezine izindondo. Ngakho, abasubathi ncintisana sibalo ukushushuluza futhi kabili (abesilisa nabesifazane ngokwehlukana), kanye ice nokudansa.

Izitifiketi ezindala kunazo zonke, ezaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, zenziwe ku-Age Bronze. Zitholakala kwelinye lamagquma ase-Southern Bug (eduze kwase-Odessa). Ukukhiqizwa kwabo, ama-phalanges wezingaphambili zamahhashi asetshenziselwa. Izitifiketi zokuqala zensimbi zavela eHolland. Leli zwe libhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yokudweba. Kodwa izibalo eziyisisekelo zakhiwe e-UK. Umncintiswano wokuqala wamazwe omhlaba wawuqhutshwa eVienna ngo-1882.

Ukudweba ukudweba kwasakazwa eRussia ngisho nangaphansi kukaPeter Omkhulu. Iziketi zokuqala zalethwa ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, weza ngendlela eyingqayizivele ngaleyo ndlela yokufaka iziketi ngebhokisi ngqo. I-ice rink yomphakathi yokuqala yavulwa ngo-1865 engadini yaseJusupov (iSadovaya street).

Zingaki ezemidlalo zasebusika ezenzakalanga azange zivele eRussia, izikebhe azizange zishiye isikhundla. Abantu kusukela ezincane kuya ezindala bavuka ema skate njalo ngempelasonto. Ukungakwazi ukunamathela eqhweni kwakubhekwa njengento eyihlazo.

I-ski ithrekhi!

Mayelana nokuthi ukweqa okunjalo , owokuqala ukufunda izakhamuzi zaseNorway. Kwakukhona kuleli zwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ukuthi baqala ukukhiqiza izikhumba eziqinile zokhuni ezivela emathafeni asezintabeni. I-Kant yensimbi, eyanikeza ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwe-skis, yaqala kuqala e-Austria ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu nantathu yekhulu lama-20. Lapho kufika ipulasitiki, ukwakhiwa kwe-projectile kwaqhubeka ngcono. Uma usebenzisa izinto ezibalulwe ngenhla (wafaka phansi phansi kwe-projectile), abagijimi bangakha isivinini esikhulu kakhulu. Ukuphenduka kwekhulu lamashumi amabili namashumi amabili nanye kwabekwa uphawu okuthiwa i-carving revolution, okusho ukuguqulwa kwesimo esisha se-skiing. Babebe mfushane kakhulu kunabokuqala, amasokisi nesithende baba mkhulu, futhi indawo engaphansi kwe-notal lateral yayincane.

Abadlali bezemidlalo yasebusika, abakhetha imidlalo engathí sina, khetha i-skis ebanzi kakhulu ye-freeriding. Lezi zigobolondo zenzelwe ukukhamba ngaphandle kwamathrekhi aqokiwe ngokuqondile eqhweni eliqinile. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezintaba zezintaba: ngokujwayelekile, i-slalom enkulu kakhulu, i-cross-cross, yehla, yehla, ye-skating amateur, i-acrobatics ye-air, i-freestyle, i-ski-mountaineering ne-mogul.

Ngokuklama, i-skis ihlukaniswe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• "Sandwich". Amafomu amaShells izakhiwo zezinto ezithile. Baxhunyiwe njenge-sandwich. Ubunzima buyathinteka ungqimba ophezulu.
• "Cap". Ngalokhu ukwakhiwa, ezinye zihlanganiswe ungqimba oluqinile olungokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kusuka ngezansi.
• "Ibhokisi." Okuhlukile kwesimanje. Phakathi kwe-ski kuhlobo lwe-wrapper olwenziwe ngezinto zokwenza izinto noma ngensimbi ensimbi. Lo mkhiqizo uzinzile kakhulu uma uvula futhi ungacabangi kakhulu ezicini zomhlaba.

Isiphetho

Siye sabheka ingxenye ethile yezemidlalo yasebusika kukhona, yimuphi umlando wokubukeka kwawo kanye nezici eziyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, ungaphinda uqokomise i- Nordic ehlangene, i- mogul, i-snowkiting, i-orienteering kwi-skis, i-hockey (enebhola ne-puck), i-naturban, i-curling. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezemidlalo yokuhamba ngebusika. Phakathi kwazo kukhona okulandelayo: ukuphefumula kwebusika kanye nokuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuhamba ngesikebhe. Intshisekelo eyengeziwe phakathi kwabathandi bokuphila okunempilo kubangelwa ukubhukuda ebusika. Kulo mdlalo ngisho nemincintiswano yokubaluleka kwezwe ibanjwe.