A emfushane ukuhlaziywa etemibhalo: "weJubili" (Mayakovsky). Izici izinkondlo lombhali

Lokubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa izici zezinkondlo Russian we 1920, it has ukubuyekeza kwezincwadi Soviet nokuhlaziya yayo. "WeJubili" (Mayakovsky - umbhali nkondlo) kule ndaba ithakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba ke imbongi waveza umbono wakhe nezincwadi zakudala futhi zesimanje. Futhi ongokomfanekiso, evamile ifomu yakhe yasekuqaleni eyodwa, wafingqa yomlando wakhe olusankondlo kulesigaba Lesiphakeme.

prehistory

Ngoba ukuqonda imbongi sicabangele omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ngumlobi, uyosingatha ukuhlaziywa yayo. "WeJubili" Mayakovsky wabhala ngo-1924, ngesikhathi nje kakhulu isikhathi lapho kancane elibuyekeziwe umbono wakhe ngale ezincwadini zobuciko. Ukudalwa lo msebenzi kufanele ongenakuzihlukanisa kuya lokubhala babo iminyaka eyishumi nambili edlule Futurists iphamfulethi, owanibizela ukukhohlwa ipumelelo nezincwadi zakudala, ukulahla zonke iziphathimandla ubudala wangaphambili futhi baqala ukwakha ulimi olusha kanye izinkondlo.

Nokho, Leli pheshana, wadala umoya isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwayo, kwaba ukukhala umphakathi, njengoba abalobi abaningi, nakuba bebhekile amafomu amasha ngokuphelele ukubonakaliswa imizwa kanye nemicabango yabo, kodwa noma egxile zabuna, noma okungenani ehloniphekile kubo. Mayakovsky nabasekeli bakhe wabheka ehlukile futhi babe izikhundla olukhulu kakhulu iqhaza ekuvuselelweni izincwadi. Nokho, eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, umlobi kucatshangwe kabusha salo sengqondo sokungafuni ukuba nezincwadi zakudala, lokubonakala emsebenzini wakhe omusha.

On Pushkin

Nge isihloko senkondlo kumele kuqale Ukubuyekeza yayo nokuhlaziya. "WeJubili" (Mayakovsky ngakho ngokomfanekiso ngokuthi kuye ngoba yayisizophela 125 iminyaka engu- yokuzalwa Pushkin) iqala ireferensi Aleksandru Sergeevichu. Nakuba yabhalwa ngo-isici ngendlela yomnikelo wakhe ngokweqile ukukhuluma enhliziyweni. Usuvele ukule yezikhalazo uzwela Mayakovsky, "ilanga zezinkondlo Russian". Naphezu ithoni kunalokho ajwayelekile, umlobi nokho kakhulu ngenhlonipho ukhuluma Pushkin, ibona imisebenzi yakhe e elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo Russian ngokuvamile kanye izinkondlo ngokukhethekile. Iyazidela nalo ezingeni elifanayo, futhi uyadabuka ngokuthi imbongi wahlala isikhathi ezahlukene. Kulo mzamo ngokushesha ukubeka igama lakho eduze Pushkin isifiso okusobala kwezinto umlobi bakwemukele zabuna. Mayakovsky ngisho waxolisa Aleksandrom Sergeevichem ngoba emaphamfulethi yabo, ethi manje zonke lezi izinkanuko zobusha siphezu ngaye.

Ukuze uthole ezinye izimbongi

Ngaphezu Pushkin, imbongi inikeza ukulinganisa nabangaphambi nabantu bangesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho incoma Nekrasov ngokuba iqiniso lokuthi wayengumuntu "umfana wabo", nakuba yokugcina futhi ubhale uthando futhi enesihawu isosha esihlatshelelwayo, okuyinto umelana Mayakovsky, ucabangela ayidingeki futhi ayinalusizo ngoba inkulumo-ze wamavukelambuso. Ukuze ukuhlola isimo esigabeni sokuqala nentuthuko zezinkondlo Soviet Kumele kuqashelwe imisebenzi ebalulekile kakhulu futhi ukubamba umbhalo wabo ukuhlaziywa. "WeJubili" (Mayakovsky kule indzaba kunikeza ukulinganisa izincwadi Russian) ithatha kulo mqondo, endaweni ekhethekile. Iphinde okukhulunywa imbongi Yesenin, okuyinto waphendula kunalokho ngokucijile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi basuke ideologically kuyaphikisana: ezahlukene kakhulu kwaba umsebenzi walaba bantu.

Inani

Kubhekwe umkhiqizo ibaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuziphendukela ukubukwa imbongi sika. Mayakovsky sisonke uye wasigcwalisa izimiso lakhe kwezobuciko: ke akabalahli ekuqondeni izinkondlo ngokuthi indlela enamandla umzabalazo esashintsha futhi ushintsho esisebenzayo emphakathini, kodwa kubuyeketa salo sengqondo sokungafuni ukuze ngaphambili, ukuthi umuntu onjengami umbhali, kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Mayakovsky inkondlo "weJubili" Kuyathakazelisa ngoba kuwo umbhali, siqala endaweni efihlekile, zigutshuzelwe, uyavuma abanye amaphutha bobusha. Inikeza amazwi umculi omkhulu, abaqaphela isiphambeko sabo futhi yaqaphela ifomu yakhe evamile obhuqayo wavuma kubo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi Kuyathakazelisa ngokuqukethwe layo zefilosofi:-ke kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuphila nokufa (isibonelo, imbongi ekhuluma yaphakade ezolinganisa buyisana ngayo Pushkin), ukubaluleka izinkondlo empilweni yomphakathi (lapha umbhali ngempela ezinzima ukuhlolwa kwabo, po- namanje ukugxeka isosha esihlatshelelwayo netingcikitsi romantic). Lo msebenzi okulotshwe isici eziningi imisebenzi Mayakovsky fomu. It is eyakhelwe ngesimo iladi, umugqa omfushane mqondo uvezwe ngendlela emfushane sikubeke. Inkondlo "weJubili" (Mayakovsky) has accentual usayizi vesi, onikeza ke sonority omkhulu futhi ukuqina isitayela ngoba ngaphambilini kuphela ngenxa yokusebenzisa imigqomo kanye amaqoqo ezinhlamvu unstressed asetshenziswa umyalelo okungahleliwe. On esikoleni izincwadi amakilasi ekuhloleni uhlelo nenkathi yamaSoviet zemfundo inikeza izingane sihlaziye inkondlo "weJubili." Mayakovsky - imbongi kunalokho eyinqaba, yingakho umsebenzi wakhe kudinga ukuhlaziya enemininingwane nokuqonda.