Abilmansur Ablay Khan: Biography, imisebenzi kanye nezenzakalo ezingokomlando

Zonke izizwe has abaholi zazo uyaziqhenya. Mongolia kuyinto uGenghis Khan, ngokuba French - uNapoleon, ngoba Russian - Peter I. Kazakhs muntu iyona edume umbusi nomyali Abilmansur Ablay Khan. Biography nemisebenzi yaleli umuntu ubelokhu isihloko isifundo sethu.

Isimo ezweni Kazakhs

Ngaphambi kokuthi udlulele biography Ablay Khan, udinga ukuchaza kafushane isimo sezombusazwe endaweni, uhlalwe Kazakhs, kwandulelwe inkathi yomsebenzi asebenzayo lokhu ovelele.

Kusukela maphakathi ekhulwini XVII wonke umlando we Kazakh Khanate kwakuhambisana nezinga ekulweni ubudlova Dzhungarian. Dzhungars - Mongol isizwe, okuyinto oye wakwazi ukudala isimo esinamandla futhi wafuna ukuthatha enkulu Nomad emakamu elise ensimini ka Kazakhstan yesimanje. Ihlaselwe abantu babhekana nobunzima obungaphezu kuka kwesinye isizukulwane Kazakhs. Ngesikhathi dzhungar baze bakwazi ngisho niwunqobe izifunda eseningizimu yaleli zwe.

Emzabalazweni abahlaseli obumbene Kazak wombuso 1718 waba yizinqamu ezintathu - Junior, Ephakathi futhi Senior Juz.

Lapha kule ndawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezombusazwe wazalwa Ablay.

Umsuka futhi ekuqaleni iminyaka Ablay Khan

Manje sekuyisikhathi sifunda okwengeziwe owayeneminyaka Ablay Khan. Umlando wakhe iqala 1711. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho wazalwa emndenini wekuvana Kazakh Korkem Ouali-Sultan. Ablay Khan yethiwa kumkhulu wakhe - umbusi odumile we Senior Juz, esihlalweni okwakukhona Tashkent. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa unegama ezahlukene - Abilmansur.

Kakade eneminyaka engu-nantathu Ablay Khan walahlekelwa kuyise, yena wabulawa skirmish nge Dzhungars. Kusukela esemncane waphoqeleka ukuba ancike ngokwabo kuphela. Umfana kwakuqashwa ukuba beluse Tole Bey, owayeyilungu umahluleli omkhulu Kazakh abantu. Phakathi nonyaka wenkonzo at Ablay Khan has isidlaliso esisha - ". Ezingcolile" Sabalak, okusho

Umkhuzi

Ngenxa ubulukhuni eliphezulu umsuka kanye nemvelo Ablay Khan yazuza kholeka among the Kazakhs. Lapho 1734 khan we zidlamlilo Ephakathi baba Abilmambet, wathola isihloko Sultan futhi isikhundla nomholi wezempi.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-40-yalolucwaningo ku Orenburg Ablay, Abilmambet nezinye abantu esiphawulekayo we zidlamlilo Ephakathi wavuma protectorate of the Empire, Russian phezu emazweni abo. Ngakho ababenethemba lokuthola kuyo acele ukusekela amandla eqinile ekulweni Dzhungars nezinye uthi elise-Asia Ephakathi.

Ekuqaleni, impi Dzhungars Ablay eziqhutshwa kakhulu ngempumelelo, ngokuwina uchungechunge banqobe kubo. Kodwa kakade 1742 Ablay Khan wazithola eyisiboshwa, egqilazwe Jungar izindimbane ku eMfuleni Ishim. Nokho, lokhu ekuthunjweni akubanga yize. Ablay wafunda Jungar emasikweni, izilimi, amasiko, eduze bajwayelane umbusi wabo Galdan Tseren futhi uqale ubungane Dzhungars eziningi ezidumile.

Ngo-1743, iqhaza ecaleni Russian, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa exchange Ablay esinye isiboshwa abaphezulu.

Ngaleso sikhathi, isimo sesishintshile kakhulu. Galdan Tseren wafa, ingxenye enkulu yezwe aphethwe amabutho Dzhungars isiManchu ethumba Qing BakwaHan, futhi iye yakhipha China. Manje Kazakhs ngesikhathi siyohlanganiswa izitha zabo ezindala ukulwa emuva amaShayina. Kodwa ngokushesha le nyunyana wahlukana, futhi Ablay waphoqeleka ukuba umfelandawonye ikhaya Qing, futhi ngo-1756, yena no-Middle zidlamlilo Khan empeleni neyaziwayo ngaphansi kwesizwe of China.

Ngo 1756 Ablay bengabavakashela inhlokodolobha Chinese Beijing, lapho amukelwa khona kusukela umbusi isihloko Wang eliphakeme.

Nokho, nomholi wezempi Kazakh akazange alahle protectorate isiRashiya, futhi ekukhulumisaneni njalo kuleli zwe enyakatho.

Ukwamukelwa isihloko Khan

Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane bakhe ikusasa biography. Abylai Khan (Ablai Khan) e 1771, Khan wathola isihloko Ephakathi Juz. Kwathi ngemva kokufa Abulmambet. Nakuba ngokwesiko ubukhosi wayengomunye walaba izihlobo esiseduze salowo oshonile, futhi abantu ukwazi zidlamlilo Ephakathi wanquma ukuthi isihloko eliphakeme uyakufanelekela Ablay kuphela.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo wakwazi ukuba ngahlule iningi amasimu ezinye zhuzes ezimbili ngakho kufanele ngokuthi yena uKhan Omkhulu kuzo zonke Kazakhs.

Ngesikhathi lapho Russia yayishisa kuvukela Pugacheva Ablay wathatha Inqubomgomo esihlakaniphile ngempela futhi uyiqili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wathembisa ukwesekwa ukudlubulunda ngisho wahlangana naye, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, waba izingxoxo nezinhlaka ezimele sesihlalo sobukhosi isiRashiya, futhi wabaqinisekisa ukuthi wayezoqhubeka ubuqotho bakhe. usizo yangempela Pugachev Ablay, ngoba noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu, akazange kwadingeka.

Wayefuna ukuba afeze izinguquko eziningana abalulekile okwakufanele ukukhuthaza ezolimo phakathi Kazakhs futhi, ekugcineni, ngibalethe zahlala, kepha yagijima ku ukumelana okushubile kwabaphathi izikhulu ababone ezintsha komkhawulo amalungelo abo ukuzimela.

ukufa

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe Ablay bebona ukuthi ubazi ukwamukela kwekuhlela kabusha yakhe yokuhumusha Kazakhs ukuze umkhakha wezolimo okunethezekile, ngokuzithandela asiyeke umhlalaphansi ukuba izwe uMdala Juz. Washona ngo-1781 azifele e Tashkent, futhi wangcwatshwa Mausoleum ka Khoja Ahmed.

Ablay uyasala nezingane eziningi. Abesilisa kuphela babe abantu 30.

ifa

Kazakhs basayikhumbula lokho kwabazuzisa kakhulu ngayiphi wachitha izwe yabo Ablay Khan. Imilando futhi emlandweni kubo bonke abantu, hhayi nje kuphela Kazakhs, kodwa inkumbulo iqhawe kungcwele abantu. Wathola okuningi kumasayithi Kazakhstan ngaye ekhishiwe sici amafilimu. Ngolunye lwalezo izitembu futhi phezu eyiphepha 100 Tenge isithombe samanje Ablay Khan. Almaty has a emgwaqweni okuthiwa yokudumisa omele esikhulu Kazakh abantu.

Imemori ye Ablay Khan uyakuphila phakade.