Abantu abaningi, ngisho nalabo ithanda kuye, akazi amagilebhisi - a izithelo noma amajikijolo. Lesi simila, ngaphandle okuyinto emlandweni wesintu kungaqala ehlukile kakhulu, kwanda emazweni ehlukene isikhathi esingaphezu 7 ayizinkulungwane. Iminyaka. Kulokhu, abalimi weyengenandaba, amagilebhisi - iyisithelo noma amajikijolo. Kubo kwakubalulekile ukuthi wayenobuhlobo eziningi izakhiwo ewusizo yomuntu.
Incazelo amagilebhisi
Lesi simila bohlobo lwe-Vitis, omndeni ka Vitaceae Juss. amahlumela yakhe, lafinyelela ubude elingamamitha ambalwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi emvinini. Njengoba amagilebhisi - iyisithelo noma amajikijolo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ngalokuvakalako. Ukuze zonke izici zawo morphological izithelo lokhu plant amajikijolo. izimbali zayo ezincane ziqoqwa zibe florets ezincane (ibhulashi eziyinkimbinkimbi noma umshanelo). Amagilebhisi zingumoya-impova, nakuba kungashiwo impova nezinambuzane. Kunezinhlobo eziningana izimbali: hermaphrodite, owesilisa, ezisebenza wesilisa, njengabesifazane ngempela, ezisebenza zesifazane. Konke kuncike degree of ukuthuthukiswa e zayo owesilisa nowesifazane. Amagilebhisi pretty masinyane ingena fruiting isigaba. He is undemanding enhlabathini, ngakho-ke likhula kahle ngisho nenhlabathi omahhadla. Amagilebhisi has a nezimo okuhle futhi kuqhathaniswa nesomiso ukumelana.
Umsuka wegama amagilebhisi
Kunemibono eminingana mayelana endaweni azalelwa kuyo amagilebhisi. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, lapho kudabuka khona lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo ubhekwa -Asia Minor. Ngakolunye - eCaucasus and ogwini Mediterranean. Kulesi yamagilebhisi zasendle amafomu Kuye kwasakazwa emhlabeni wonke esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba ukubukeka amafomu amasiko alo. Imbewu wathola abavubukuli zibonisa ukuthi amagilebhisi sikhule Emhlabeni eminyakeni million 60 edlule. 250 zezitshalo, ezivamile zokuzamazama ezishisayo nakwezifudumele zombili ama-, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 ezikhulayo isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi efudumele yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Amagilebhisi, izithombe ebonisa lenqwaba zinhlobo zayo nezinhlobonhlobo, sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka akhethiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo indoda uye wafuna ukukhulisa izakhiwo umsoco izithelo zalesi sitshalo. Okwamanje, it is kuhoxiswe ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 3. Izinhlobo ezihlukile. amagilebhisi isici kuncike nemingcele eziningi. Kuze kube manje, kukhona eziningana amaqembu ayo. Kuye izakhiwo kanye injongo amagilebhisi zihlukaniswe izinhlobo lobuchwepheshe, yokudlela, isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi futhi seedless. Futhi zingafani ngokoMthetho ukuvuthwa. Kukhona izinhlobo ngasekupheleni.
Izimpawu amagilebhisi
Ngobukhulu amajikijolo zalesi sitshalo nazo ezahlukene kakhulu. Ngakho, iningi labo babe ubukhulu elincane angaphansi kuka-10 mm. Basuke kulandele amancane, aphakathi nendawo, amajikijolo ezinkulu. I ububanzi we ngobukhulu ngokuvamile mkhulu ukudlula u 25 mm. Njengoba ahlukahlukene kanye nemibala lamagilebhisi. Ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa oluhlaza ukukhanya, bomvana, obomvu, inhlaka, lomtfubi, loluhlata kwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, izinhlobonhlobo black. Ikhasi amajikijolo embozwe enamathela waxy ngokuthi pruinom. Kungaba elincanyana futhi usentekenteke noma uqweqwe oluqinile. Kusukela isakhiwo yayo incike ikhono yamagilebhisi agcinwe, asizange sibe izicucu futhi ukunambitheka kwako ukuzinza. izinhlobo ezehlukene azigcini kuphela umbala amajikijolo, kodwa nangenduduzo ifomu yabo. Zingaba ezimise okweqanda, eziyindilinga ovoid, isicaba noma side. Amagilebhisi of izinhlobo ezahlukene kuhluke enyameni yabo. Kungaba obukhulu, ethambile, omnandi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amagilebhisi omhlophe hhayi kuphela kungaba impahla eluhlaza ukwenziwa ukukhanya iwayini nesiphuzo. Zenziwa kusuka amajikijolo ukuthi abe isikhumba anemibala. Izinhlobo Iningi lamagilebhisi juice cishe kungekho nto enemibala emihle, kodwa kukhona futhi amajikijolo amnyama, naye ine umbala okukhulu iwayini elibomvu.
izinga Nambithani amajikijolo
Sesiyazi amagilebhisi - ke izithelo noma amajikijolo, futhi manje kufanele sinake ikhwalithi izithelo zawo. Naphezu kokuhlukahluka izinhlobo, ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaqembu amakhulu ambalwa, ekuhlanganiseni efanayo ukunambitheka izinhlobo, kuhlanganise:
• ezivamile (hlangothi) ngokuhlanganisa acid ubumnandi, kodwa engenalo nelincane izici zayo;
• Solanaceae, kunambitheka efana izithelo izitshalo herbaceous;
• Muscat - a flavour oqinile isici;
• U-Isabella, lapho iphunga sitrobheli, blackcurrant kanye uphayinaphu nokuba uginindela lwamafinyila.
zomvini ezikhulayo
Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yamagilebhisi ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukwenza ayo ekhaya, iyisitshulu izithelo newayini. Nokho, ngokuvamile yenza futhi indima zokuhlobisa njengoba isitshalo ekhuphuka for engadini gazebos, arbors kanye pergolas. Ngo ekhaya izingadi, lo kabanzi kunazo izinhlobo ebusika-eziqinile, umvini kabani ukufinyelela elingamamitha ambalwa ubude. Ngeshwa, izinhlobo eziningi ithebula engafanele ukutshalwa ngale ndlela. Ezimweni yethu zezulu impumelelo ukutshala amagilebhisi incike indawo kwalesi sigodi futhi impahla izindleko. Ezindaweni eningizimu, lesi sitshalo Simila emhlabathini evulekile phezu trellis. Ngo ngaphezulu zindawo enyakatho, okungcono etafuleni izinhlobo ngokuvamile kwanda zokugcina ekhethekile ukufuthelana ekwindla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi. Usayizi ubuncane izakhiwo ezinjalo: obuphelele - 2.5 m; ukuphakama -. 2.1 m Ezinye winegrowers kutshalwe izinhlobo ukushisa-onothando ekhanyayo. Kulokhu, kufanele njalo usike umvini, ephumula ekukhuleni kwayo, kusukela ebusika kudingeka yokukhosela wakhe ngenxa yamakhaza, ukuthatha ne tapestries kanye nokubeka phansi. Abaningi mba izimbobo ezincane, lapho ibekwe ngokucophelela izitshalo, ngci nasezincekwini zakhe izinto (amakhadibhodi, chips izinkuni, utshani obomile) futhi embozwe umhlaba. Lokhu ikhava ikuvumela ukuba ugcine umvini abephule ngisho ngaphansi frost esindayo. Esinye isici esibi ekuvimbeleni ukuguga ukushisa-onothando yamagilebhisi izinhlobo, ukungabi khona ukukhanya yemvelo. Ngakho, ngaphansi uma isimo sezulu sisibi, amajikijolo ingaqhubeka oluhlaza uSepthemba noma Okthoba. Bookmark isivini has izimiso ezithile. Kufanele ugweme ukutshala amamaki eqinile-futhi slaboroslyh ndawonye, kufanele eceleni ibekwe neukryvnyh kanye izimo esehlanganise, kalula ukungenwa izifo futhi amelana nabo, i-ngasekupheleni. Lesi sitshalo kumele ngaphansi izihlahla (entwasahlobo and ekwindla). Lokhu kususa yonke amahlumela amagilebhisi umvini nge ababuthakathaka, nevyzrevshie ukukhula ngonyaka. sokuvuna bapha amahlumela eqinile kuphela. Futhi ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kubalulekile ukususa amahlumela zikhule emuva ngaphezu amaqoqo enkulu isiqu sama ngonyaka odlule, njengoba ukukhula entsha "idonsa ayo" isitshalo uqobo, ekuvimbeleni nokuvuthwa we amajikijolo.
Ukusebenzisa amajikijolo
Ithebula amagilebhisi kuhluke ukunambitheka omuhle, ngakho zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa fresh. Ezinye izinhlobo iphele ukwenziwa angenazinhlamvu kanye namagilebhisi omisiwe. Iningi amagilebhisi landa wathumela ukuze kusebenziswe ukwenziwa ayo kanye iwayini. Njengoba amajikijolo zalesi sitshalo kukhona Champions of okuqukethwe ushukela (25-30%) kanye nokusungulwa qualitative, yonke imikhiqizo ziwusizo kakhulu abantu. Ngo amagilebhisi kuyinto amaminerali, izinto eziphilayo (glucose, usawoti, potassium) namavithamini (A, B1, B2, B6, C, PP), ngakho ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngezinhloso prophylactic nokwelapha. Sebenzisa amagilebhisi kusiza ingcindezi kujwayeleke, ukuhlanzwa we isikhwehlela umgudu, kuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba. Ithebula amagilebhisi, uye ezinkulu, lamahlukuzo enhle amajikijolo nge uginindela esinamanzi, abe ukunambitheka ivumelane. Lokhu kungenxa okuqukethwe ekahle ushukela kalula digestible futhi acid. Izinhlobo Iningi kwethebula zithutha kahle futhi agcinwe isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo ezimvunayo. Naphezu iwusizo amagilebhisi, it is contraindicated kubantu abaphethwe isifo sikashukela, acute iziyaluyalu emathunjini, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile yezifo duodenum.
kabusha amagilebhisi
Lokhu sitshalo okusakazwa vegetatively (by layering, cuttings). Kwezinye izimo, ngenxa abasha abazalanisi bezitshalo nenzalo ukusetshenziswa, kodwa kulokhu amagilebhisi isikhathi eside ngeke izithelo. Ngokuvamile, izithombo zenzelwe ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha. amagilebhisi zitshalwa libalele indawo endaweni (eningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga). Ukushisa kakhulu isitshalo uyamukela, ngcono ikhwalithi amajikijolo kanye isivuno ephakeme. Umhlabathi kungaba noma ikuphi ngaphandle emaxhaphozini usawoti. Iphinde akufanele kube izimbuku amanzi. Ngokuvamile, begxilile cuttings etshalwe ekhanyayo entwasahlobo, kodwa uma into isitshalo iyakhiwa kahle, kuvunyelwe kanye autumn zokutshala. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi yamagilebhisi izimpande sise 20-40 cm ngaphezu komhlabathi, izitshalo zitshalwa at a 0.4 m ibanga ukujula phakathi kwawo - .. Lapho amagilebhisi 1.5-2 m abatshalwé imigqa, ububanzi yabo kufanele okungenani 2 m.
yamagilebhisi izinambuzane
Ngeshwa, lesi sitshalo kakhulu ekuthonyweni izifo kanye izinambuzane. I esiyingozi iningi labo isikhutha, gray isikhunta, powdery isikhutha, amagciwane, canker webhaktheriya, mealybug, phylloxera, leaf grozdevoy. Okunjalo ukuchayeka izifo amagilebhisi kuholela isidingo linqume ekhethekile yokwelapha amakhemikhali ejenti ukuze izitshalo nokwelashwa.