Amathafa kanye nasemahlathini: izici endaweni yemvelo

Ukwazi kusukela geography izifundo izimiso aphansi, iningi labafundi kusho izakhamuzi ngazwi linye bathi endawo eyihlanze kanye nasemahlathini - .. Kuyinto endaweni yemvelo efanayo ehlathini, asemaqeleni, emathafeni, ehlane, njll Lesi sihloko siklanyelwe umbono ocacile kakhulu futhi okucacile savannah futhi nasemahlathini.

isikhundla ezindawo

Ngakho, savannah kanye nasemahlathini - endaweni yemvelo, engatholwa kuphela zokuzamazama ezithile zokuma kwezwe. Basuke zisakazwa esishintshashintshayo subequatorial kuzo zombili ama-, nezindawo ezincane zitholakala ezisondelene nazo kanye nabantu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Okuningi ngokunembile, basuke ngokwendawo esisogwini nengxenye yezwekazi lase-Afrika (u-40% endaweni Imininingwane). Ingabe nasemahlathini wandile futhi endawo eyihlanze kanye nazo eNingizimu Melika, izingxenye enyakatho nasempumalanga ye-Asia (sib Indochina), kanye e-Australia.

Ngokuvamile kuba indawo umswakama eyanele imvula evamile ukukhula. Ngokuvamile baqala "intuthuko" yabo kule enkabeni yaleli zwekazi.

Zone savannah kanye ehlathini. Izici sezulu

Ezindaweni eziningi zemvelo imbangela eyinhloko wesilwane izici, flora isimo inhlabathi, okokuqala kunakho konke, isimo sezulu, kanye lokushisa ngqo kanye nezinguquko lokushisa (kokubili diurnal futhi ezithile zonyaka).

Ngokuya ngezici ngaphezulu indawo ye Savannah, kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ngazo zonke izinkathi zonyaka libhekene kushisa lapha, okuyinto lugujwa ebusika ezomile emoyeni ezishisayo zasehlobo, kunalokho, ubuswa enkabazwe ezinomswakama. Ukususa idatha izindawo ka ibhande bhé, ngokulandelana, umphumela wokwehla zemvula tihambisane izinyanga 2-3 ne isici ke 8-9. Ingabe azinzile lokushisa yezinkathi ezithile izinguquko - ke kukhawulela umehluko obuyisilinganiselo degrees 20. Nokho, umehluko nsuku zonke likhulu kakhulu - ke ongafinyelela umehluko kakhulu ngendlela 25 degrees.

inhlabathi

Isimo inhlabathi, wenzalo salo encike ngqo kwi kuphele isikhathi imvula libhekene leachability okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho, eduze nenkabazwe kanye emahlathini ashisayo babesuke ka zone engokwemvelo amathafa kanye nasemahlathini, futhi kuba komhlabathi wabo, libhekene wokuqukethwe lelisetulu inhlabathi ebomvu. Ezindaweni lapho Inkathi yezimvula idonsa izinyanga 7-9, nenhlabathi kakhulu kukhona ferrallitic. Izindawo nge zemvula ezinyangeni 6 futhi kancane "ocebile" Sava nenhlabathi abomvu ansundu. Ezindaweni slabooroshaemyh nemvula falling kuphela inkathi izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, kwakhiwa inhlabathi ukuba kuhlalwe nge ungqimba elincanyana kakhulu humus (humus) - kuze kufinyelele 3-5% we esiphezulu.

Ngisho inhlabathi njengomuntu indwangu, isetshenzisiwe imisebenzi womuntu - ewusizo kakhulu zalezi asetshenziselwa kwemfuyo kanye yokutshala izitshalo ezahlukene, kodwa ngenxa nokusebenzisa kabi ezindaweni kakade mpofu jikisa izindawo siyingcuba futhi ehlane, ayikwazi eminye ngandlela-thile ukuze ondle abantu nezilwane.

Biota

Siqhubeke siphila ezimweni oluyingozi esinjalo, izilwane kudingeke zivumelane ndawo, njengoba ngempela kuzo zonke ezinye izifunda. Amathafa kanye nasemahlathini kusimangaze nezilwane ocebile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Afrika ezindaweni eyihlanze owakhiwe ogxile ezincelisayo: .. Izindlulamithi, obhejane, izindlovu, benkonkoni, izimpisi, izingulule, amabhubesi, amadube, njll On insimu mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, kukhona Nesambane, armadillos, izintshe, rheas, njll baningi .. futhi isibalo izinyoni -. kungcono eziyihlazo uNobhala inyoni, izintshe Afrika, Sunbird, i-marabou, njll e-Australia, "izakhamuzi 'ka amathafa kanye nasemahlathini yiwona ama-kangaroo awoyisekazi marsupial, Dingo zasendle. Ezidla uhlaza uthuthe phakathi nesomiso ezindaweni enikeziwe kangcono ngamanzi nokudla, indlela ngawo ngesikhathi beba izinto ukuzingela izilwane ezidla ezinye kakhulu (futhi abantu kakhulu). Common ku amathafa nomuhlwa.

Lapho echaza izitshalo a endaweni yemvelo, njengoba amathafa kanye nasemahlathini, akunakwenzeka sikusho baobab - izihlahla emangalisayo, efana amakamela buthelela amanzi reserves ekugcineni kwesiqu sawo. izilwane Futhi ngomuthi ezivamile, epiphytes, wamasundu quebracho, isihlahla Cacti, etc ... Ezikhathini nesomiso, abaningi babo phuzi, abune, kodwa ukufika izimvula wonke imvelo sengathi ozalwa ngokuphindaphindiwe lusenza efika ukuqoqa amandla futhi ulungiselela nesomiso olandelayo .