Ukushintsha izingongolo eMhlabeni: imvamisa, nemiphumela. Ngokuzayo Umhlaba

iplanethi yethu ine kazibuthe kungabonakala nasemkhakheni, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa nekhampasi. It is ikakhulukazi akhiqizwa core kushisa kakhulu esincibilikisiwe iplanethi futhi cishe kwakudingeka kunayo yonke ekuphileni isikhathi eMhlabeni. Field kuyinto dipole, t. E. It has a enyakatho futhi isigxobo eningizimu kazibuthe. Bayisibonelo inaliti yekhampasi bangathi iqonde phansi noma phezulu, ngokulandelana. Kubukeka sengathi ensimini ukhange on the efrijini. Nokho, insimu kazibuthe omhlaba Zomhlaba kungokoqobo izinguquko eziningi kancane eyenza esifanisweni esisenze untenable. Kunoma ikuphi, singasho ukuthi manje kukhona izigxobo ezimbili, baphawula phezu kobuso iplanethi, oyedwa Nenkabazwe nokukodwa eningizimu.

Geomagnetic ensimini kombhala yinqubo lapho isigxobo South kazibuthe iguqulwe ibe enyakatho, nokuthi, esikhundleni salokho, iba eningizimu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi amandla kazibuthe kwesinye isikhathi babe sesimeni hambo, kunokuba ukuthi izinto zizoshintsha. Kulokhu, it is othola wukwehla amandla ayo Imininingwane, okungukuthi, amandla ethinta inaliti yekhampasi. Phakathi nohambo ensimini ayishintshi isiqondiso sayo, futhi kubuyiselwe ne polarity efanayo, okungukuthi, Ngasenyakatho nasenyakatho naseningizimu nasempumalanga.

Kukangaki siyashintsha izingongolo eMhlabeni?

Njengoba irekhodi Geological, amandla kazibuthe iplanethi yethu yashintsha polarity eziningi zalo izikhathi. Lokhu kungabonwa amaphethini atholakala rocks mlilo, ikakhulukazi ekhishwe kusukela ekujuleni kolwandle. Kule minyaka 10 kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eyisigidi ngokwesilinganiso kwathatha indawo 4 noma 5 ematfuba kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eyisigidi. Ngezinye izikhathi, umlando iplanethi yethu, isibonelo, ngesikhathi Cretaceous, kwakukhona isikhathi esijana yokushintsha izigxobo eMhlabeni. Bona azinakwenzeka ukubikezela, kabasi njalo. Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ukhulume isilinganiso kombhala isikhawu.

Ingabe Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba yenzeka ngesikhathi samanje? Ngingayithola kanjani kuhlole?

Izilinganiso izici kazibuthe omhlaba kule planethi yethu labetibambile ucishe njalo kusukela 1840. Ezinye izilinganiso zingase uphola ngisho emuva XVI leminyaka, isibonelo, Greenwich (London). Uma ubheka isimo magnetic izinguquko amandla emkhakheni phezu kwalesi sikhathi, singabona ukwehla yayo. Phambili ngesikhathi idatha kwelivi inika zero isikhashana dipole cishe 1500-1600 iminyaka. Lona omunye izizathu zokuthi kungani abantu abathile bekholelwa ukuthi emkhakheni ingahle kusaqalwa kombhala. Kusukela zobumba zasendulo izimbiza izifundo magnetization amaminerali eyaziwa ukuthi ngezikhathi zamaRoma kwaba kabili namandla kunomFilisti manje.

Noma kunjalo, amandla samanje emkhakheni akuyona ongaphakeme ikakhulukazi ngokoMthetho ububanzi bamanani yayo past 50 000 edlule, futhi kusukela ngomzuzu lapho ushintsho yakamuva kakhulu izingongolo eMhlabeni, kwathatha cishe 800 000 eminyakeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuthiweni ngaphambili mayelana izinkambo, futhi azi mayelana izakhiwo onobuhle zezibalo Akucaci noma kungenzeka extrapolate idatha waphawula iminyaka 1500.

How fast iyona kombhala zezingongolo?

Umlando ogcwele okungenani olulodwa ithuba sishoda, ngakho zonke izitatimende ukuthi kungenziwa ikakhulu esekelwe onobuhle zezibalo futhi ngokwengxenye phezu ubufakazi obungaphelele etholwe emadwaleni eziye zaqhubeka isigxivizo yasendulo kazibuthe kusukela ngesikhathi kumiswa yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, izibalo basikisela ukuthi ushintsho ingqikithi izingongolo eMhlabeni angase athathe omunye ayizinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka. Iyashesha ngokuya Geological, kodwa kancane on the esikalini ukuphila komuntu.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi ithuba? Yini esiyibona surface eMhlabeni?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, siba idatha elinganiselwe mayelana amaphethini Geological izinguquko nesilinganiso ensimini ngesikhathi kombhala. Ngokusekelwe onobuhle, eyenzelwe anamandla, kulindelwe a okuningi isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi phezu le planethi, lapho akekho noyedwa eningizimu futhi omunye isigxobo enyakatho magnetic. Umhlaba ulindele "uhambo" yabo kusukela kule ndawo ekuyo okwamanje maqondana yenkabazwe, futhi ngaye. Inani amandla emkhakheni kuphi emhlabeni ungenza akukho engaphezu kweyodwa kwabayishumi ukubaluleka kwalo okwamanje.

Ingozi navigation

Ngaphandle isihlangu kazibuthe ubuchwepheshe besimanje kuyoba basengozini enkulu ukuchayeka iziphepho elanga. Yibona abasengozini enkulu kukhona iziphuphutheki. Basuke ayakhelwe ukumelana neziphepho solar ngokungabi bikho kazibuthe. Ngakho, uma iziphuphutheki GPS zizoma ukusebenza, bese zonke izindiza ngeke itshalwe emhlabathini.

Yiqiniso, ikhampasi izindiza ukuba njengoba ibhekhaphu, kodwa ngokuqinisekile ngeke olunembile ngesikhathi magnetic pole shift. Ngakho, ngisho kakhulu Ukungasebenzi GPS kungaba okwanele nomhlaba indiza - kungenjalo ungalahlekelwa navigation yabo ngesikhathi indiza.

Inkantolo lizobhekana nezinkinga ezifanayo.

ungqimba lwe-ozone

Kulindeleke ukuthi ngesikhathi kombhala we kazibuthe Zomhlaba ungqimba lwe-ozone ubalekela ngokuphelele (futhi liphinde likhulume ngoBharuki ngemva kwalokho). Elikhulu isivunguvungu elanga ngesikhathi ijika kungabangela Ukuwohloka ungqimba lwe-ozone. Isibalo izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba ukwandisa 3 aphindekile. Umthelela on zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kunzima ukubikezela, kodwa kungase futhi kube yinhlekelele.

Ushintsho zezingongolo kazibuthe Zomhlaba: Imithelela amandla

Kolunye ucwaningo iziphepho ezinkulu solar zihlonzwe kungenzeka imbangela kombhala polar. Kwesinye - ibangelwa kwalesi senzakalo siyoba ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kodwa kungase kube ngenxa bandisa inkonzo welanga. Phakathi Ukuvikelwa kushintsha kazibuthe ngeke, futhi uma kukhona isiphepho elanga, isimo ngeke ziwohloka nakakhulu. Eziphilayo eplanethini yethu ngeke kuze kuthinteke wonkana, futhi umphakathi ukuthi akuxhomekile ubuchwepheshe, uyophinde abe ukuze. Kodwa ikusasa Umhlaba ngeke ihlupheke kakhulu uma kubuyekezwe kwenzeke ngokushesha. amanethiwekhi agesi liyayeka ukusebenza (bakwazi ukuvimbela kubo esikhulu isivunguvungu elanga, kanye kombhala sizothinta okuningi). In the ukungabikho kukagesi ngeke kwamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle, amagalaji ziyeke ukusebenza, ziyeke ukudla. Nekusebenta abezimo eziphuthumayo uzobe wangabaza, futhi ngeke ukwazi nomthelela okuthile. Bahlaba yizigidi zezigidigidi uzobhekana nobunzima obukhulu. Kuphela labo pre-yafakwa nokudla namanzi, uzokwazi ukubhekana nesimo.

cosmic ingozi ngemisebe

ensimini yethu kazibuthe omhlaba unesibopho ekuvimbeni mayelana 50% imisebe cosmic. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi double amazinga emisebeni cosmic. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lokhu kuzoholela ukwanda ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, imiphumela eyingozi lokhu ngeke babe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu isizathu esingenzeka poleshift ukwandisa umsebenzi solar. Lokhu kungaholela ukwanda isibalo izinhlayiya icala ekufinyeleleni emhlabeni. Kulokhu, ikusasa umhlaba uyoguqulwa ingozi enkulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuqhubeka eziphilayo eplanethini yethu?

Izinhlekelele zemvelo, izibhicongo cishe. Inkambu kazibuthe omhlaba usesifundeni isikhala ngokuthi Magnetosphere ezakhiwe ama-solar wind. Magnetosphere kuqeda akubona bonke izinhlayiya ephezulu amandla ukuthi isisi esikhishwa Sun ngumoya elilanga kanye naleminye imitfombo e Galaxy. Ngezinye izikhathi, inkanyezi yethu esiye sanezela kakhulu asebenzayo, isibonelo, uma kukhona eziningi izindawo, futhi ungathumela ifu izinhlayiya esiqondisweni eMhlabeni. Kulezi ama-solar kanye coronal mass ejection, zezinkanyezi lapho ongaphakeme Umhlaba orbit, kungase kudingeke ukuvikelwa okungeziwe ukugwema ngemithamo ephakeme yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Ngakho siyazi ukuthi amandla kazibuthe iplanethi yethu ihlinzeka ngokwengxenye, kunokuba umnyuziki kuphela ukuvikelwa cosmic ngemisebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa izinhlayiya ephezulu amandla yashesha ngisho magnetosphere.

Phezu kobuso Umkhathi uba isendlalelo zokuzivikela, ephumula zonke kodwa amaningi asebenzayo emisebeni yelanga Galactic. Ngo ukungabikho magnetic field umoya uyoqhubeka amukela kakhulu emisebeni. Air emgodleni asivikele njengabantu ngempumelelo njengoba ungqimba ukhonkolo 4 m obukhulu.

ngaphandle kwemiphumela

Abantu nawoyise ukuthi baphila isikhathi eside Umhlaba izigidi zeminyaka eyayingekho eziningi inversions, futhi akukho ukuhlanganisa okusobala phakathi kwabo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesintu. Ngokufanayo, isikhathi Ukubuyiselwa emuva asishayisani ne izinkathi nokuqothulwa kwezinto eziphilayo, njengoba kufakazelwa umlando umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.

Ezinye izilwane, ezifana amaphuphu nemikhomo zisebenzisa emkhakheni kazibuthe omhlaba I-navigation. Uzitshela ukuthi kubuyekezwe kuthatha ayizinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka, ie kuze kube nini nanini ezizukulwaneni eziningi zohlobo ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi ke lezi zilwane ungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa naso kahle kwesimo kazibuthe noma ukuthuthukisa izindlela navigation.

Okuningi incazelo lobuchwepheshe

Umthombo kazibuthe iyona okunothe ketshezi core elingaphandle umhlaba. It wenza ukunyakaza eziyinkimbinkimbi okubangelwa ukushisa Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows ekujuleni nucleus futhi ukujikeleza iplanethi. ezinyakazayo ketshezi okuqhubekayo futhi akazange ayeke, ngisho ngesikhathi sokuphenduka. Kungaba ayeke kuphela emva ukukhathala umthombo amandla. Ukushisa ikhiqizwa ingxenye ngenxa ukuguquka uketshezi core okuqinile ngokufanele maphakathi Earth. Le nqubo ithatha golokoqo izigidigidi zeminyaka. Ngo engxenyeni engenhla nucleus esemgwaqweni ku 3000 km ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaphansi isiphuku enamadwala, uketshezi angahamba ngesivinini amashumi amakhilomitha ohlangothini ovundlile ngonyaka. ukuhamba kwayo yonkana zikagesi ezikhona ukukhiqiza imisinga kagesi, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, ukukhiqiza kazibuthe. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi advection. Ukuze silinganise ukukhula zasendle, futhi kanjalo qinisa r. N. "Geodynamo" edingekayo okusheshayo lapho "ukuvuza" emkhakheni nucleus futhi ukubhujiswa kwalo. Ekugcineni, ukugeleza uketshezi kudala isithombe eyinkimbinkimbi yama kazibuthe ku surface eMhlabeni nge ushintsho eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi.

izibalo computer

Geodynamo sekusetshenziswa ku anamandla uye wabonisa yinkimbinkimbi emkhakheni nokuziphatha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izibalo zibonisa kombhala ka polarity, uma kukhona ushintsho izingongolo eMhlabeni. Kulezi sekusetshenziswa esiyinhloko dipole amandla sesibuthakathaka ku-10% evamile (kodwa hhayi zero), nezigxobo ekhona ayazihambela emhlabeni wonke ngokuhlanganyela nezinye isikhathi enyakatho nezingongolo eningizimu.

A okuqinile yensimbi core kwangaphakathi kuyiplanethi yethu kulezi onobuhle zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni inqubo izinto zizoshintsha. Ngenxa esimweni saso okuqinile, ngeke ukhiqize magnetic field advection, kodwa noma iyiphi inkundla ekhiqizwa kuleli yangaphandle core ketshezi ungakwazi ekubhebhetselisa noma ukusakaza yokuphila ezindaweni eziphakathi nezwe. Advection e umnyombo yangaphandle, kubonakala, njalo uzama phendukisela. Kodwa uma nje insimu bazivalele core kwangaphakathi, kuqala, akusho ekubhebhetselisa, ushintsho lwangempela izingongolo eMhlabeni magnetic ngeke kwenzeke. Ngenxa yalokho, i-core kwangaphakathi umelana nokuhanjiswa kwe- iyiphi Amasimu "omusha", futhi mhlawumbe eyodwa kuphela kweziyishumi yokuzama ezinjalo kuba Ukubuyiselwa emuva yimpumelelo.

anomalies kazibuthe

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi, nakuba leyo miphumela isimanga ngokwabo, luyisipho engaziwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akunakubangelwa emhlabeni wangempela. Noma kunjalo, siba imodeli nezibalo amandla kazibuthe iplanethi yethu past 400 iminyaka, ngedatha ekuqaleni ngokusekelwe kugcinwa amatilosi yomthengisi lasolwandle. Extrapolation kuya Sakhiwo sangekhatsi wonke ibonisa ukwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi backflow zifunda ku umngcele umnyombo futhi isiphuku. Ngezinye la maphuzu, inaliti yekhampasi is ngamakhasimende, kunalapho namaphethelo, kolunye uhlangothi - kusuka ngaphakathi noma umongo. Lawa masayithi nge flow reverse eseningizimu-Atlantic Ocean kwasekuqaleni obhekene buthakathaka ensimini enkulu. Futhi obhekene voltage ubuncane, ngokuthi Brazilian anomaly kazibuthe, maphakathi esemgwaqweni ngaphansi eNingizimu Melika. Kule ndawo, izinhlayiya nge amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu angaxhumana ngokuseduze Earth, okubangela kwandisa emisebeni eziphuphuthekini e ongaphakeme Umhlaba orbit.

Kusekuningi okufanele kwenzelwe ukuqonda kangcono property isakhiwo ezijulile kule planethi yethu. Kuyinto izwe lapho ingcindezi kanye lokushisa zifana ebusweni kwelanga, nokuqonda yesayensi esiphila kuyo isezingeni kumkhawulo walo.