Anti-umkhumbi missile X-35: izici lobuchwepheshe kanye isicelo

Omunye izitayela ezinkulu ezindabeni zezempi kuyinto ubunye yamuva izikhali kanye nemishini. Ngokusetshenziswa izingxenye ezivamile kungenzeka lula ukukhiqiza izinhlelo futhi ukunciphisa izindleko zabo. Esinye isibonelo salokhu indlela yiyona anti-umkhumbi missile X-35. Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi inguqulo, ingasetshenziswa ngu izindiza, ezinophephela emhlane, imikhumbi kanye somhlaba. Yizinhlobonhlobo ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwandisa bezikhali ezicitshwayo enkundleni yempi.

I KH-35: umlando ekudalweni

Ukuze uqale nge siyowuqonda, ngumuntu rocket ukuthi kwadingeka ukuba zidlule ngaphambi kokuba impahla Navy Russian. Kwakufanele ukuthi X-35 rocket ogibele izikebhe imikhumbi ukuhamba kusho. Kwakumelwe kusetshenziswa njengengxenye missile eziyinkimbinkimbi (SC) "Uranus". Ukuthuthukiswa waqala ngo-Ephreli 1984. Umphathi msebenzi waba G. I. Hohlov. I omningi walo msebenzi design waphathiswa the "Zvezda" okb. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi missile KH-35 "Uranus" zizosetshenziswa ukubhubhisa izitsha hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-5000 wamathani. I okusetshenzelwa edingekayo ukuthi wakwazi ukusebenzisa kokubili single futhi amaningi iziqhumane. I KH-35 obekumele ukusebenza kahle ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izimo zezulu, nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku ngisho usebenzisa izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela isitha nezimpi electronic.

izici Jikelele

Ngokuya ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya missile wenziwa ngesifanekiso evamile: Iphiko X emise empennage. Ebusweni elingaphandle umzimba yakha amasilinda eziningana. izingxenye Ephakathi futhi umsila azilingani: phansi kukhona gondola, efakwe kule phambi air eyanele. A okuqinile fuel rocket booster, lokuyintfo amisiwe njengoba isilinda futhi umsila, a ukuboniswa ekuqaleni.

Ubude ingqikithi rocket kuyinto 3.85 metres. Uma usetha namafutha, izinga ukukhuphuka 4,44 m. Ububanzi we izindlu ingeqi 0.42 m. Namaphiko e isimo zenzeka kuyinto 1.33 m. Ekulungiseleni eziyisisekelo kanye rocket namafutha X-35 anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-600 kg.

ilungiselelo

A ilungiselelo efanayo ingatholakala ibuye kweminye imikhiqizo ekilasini yayo. Inhloko kwensimbi homing. Ngemva kwakhe iyona ingxenye ukulwa. Ngo phakathi isiteshi itheku is "sigqoke" ku uphethiloli. Esikhathini umsila we rocket kufanele turbojet. imishini eyengeziwe itholakala izingxenye khulula zomzimba. Namafutha yokuqalisa isakhiwo silula. Ngaphakathi cylindrical umzimba kwaso kungamane nje ufake solid- Propellant rocket injini.

isiqondiso uhlelo

On the izakhiwo isiqondiso izinhlelo abathintekayo isidingo ukuze nibambe yibhange futhi anqobe ngenhloso yanoma yiziphi imvelo Jamming. Missile kwaba ifakwe elihlangene isiqondiso uhlelo. Phakathi cruise indiza, kwadingeka zisebenzisa i inertial navigation system nomsakazo altimeter. Futhi lapho ushiya missile endaweni target kumele ivuswe ngu asebenzayo radar homing uhlelo, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukuthola futhi anqobe injongo.

Le phrojekthi wasebenzisa rocket ARS-35 - asebenzayo radar homing ikhanda. Uvumela bangabonwa futhi kushushiswa Okuqondiwe nge ngezinga eliphezulu ngokuthembeka. Uhlelo antenna itholakala phezulu rocket. Yena wayegqoké radome. Uhlolojikelele ingxenye ovundlile abe ububanzi 90 degrees (45 degrees kuya kwesokudla kanye kwesokunxele eksisi missile). wokubuka Kuqondile sasingeyona ebanzi: kusuka -10 kuya +20 degrees. I inguqulo yokuqala missile waba ukuthola target isukela kuze kuya ku-km 20.

warhead

I warhead kaPawulu angena ajule, isisindo okuyinto 145 kg, wabekwa phezu kwekhanda homing. Ngenxa warhead ephezulu alufakwa-incendiary kumele hit imikhumbi ezingamathani angaba ngu-5000. It has a umzimba oqinile enezindonga awugqinsi, evumela ibhodi ibhoboze futhi athwale umkhumbi isitha ubhidliza ngaphakathi. Ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthola umphumela esiphezulu elimazayo.

injini

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, turbojet itholakala ezingemuva izindlu. traction wayo sifinyelela 450 AmaKh. Motor ithoma ngosizo wokusika futhi isebenza ku zezindiza kaphalafini. Amandla isitshalo yalolu hlobo evumela missile ukufinyelela ijubane 280 m / s futhi fly kusukela km 7 130. Ngokuqondene okuqinile rocket booster, kubalulekile uma usebenzisa rocket njengengxenye eRK "Uranus". Ngosizo rocket X-35, izimfanelo okuyinto izincwadi esizifundayo namuhla, kokushiya ezokuthutha kanye kwethulwa esitsheni. Lapho projectile iqalisiwe, motor sihlelwe kabusha futhi isebenze booster eyinhloko.

ukuphathwa

Cruise ezicitshwayo X-35 ube yimpumelelo kakhulu ukuphathwa uhlelo elikuvumela ukuba sifinyelele ukusebenza high empini. missile Midcourse izimpukane ezingeni ukuphakama hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-15 metres ngenhla ezingeni amanzi. Lapho search iqala imigomo nomhlahlandlela ke, lesi sibalo lehla 4 m. Ngenxa ongaphakeme indiza engamamitha kanye kusakazeka elincane endaweni kunciphisa amathuba kusenesikhathi, ethungatha futhi missile kuhlasela isitha izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela.

Ukusebenza ezicitshwayo X-35 ngezinga elithile lula automating inqubo ukulungiselela ukuqalisa. State of ukulwa amayunithi kanye nokwethulwa umsebenzi indiza elawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Sekukonke, ukulungiselela kuthatha amaminithi angaphansi kuka-1. I KH-35, okuyinto zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngemikhumbi nezwe ezisekelwe missile izinhlelo, usikhiphe cylindrical ezokuthutha kwethulwa ibhokisana lokugcina itiye noma ikhofi. izinguqulo Air ezisekelwe ayatholakala kanye, kodwa uqale nge ezindizeni noma ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane izikhali ejwayelekile.

Ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukisweni

Phakathi icutshungulwe we emfushane, okuyinto abasebenzi okb "Inkanyezi" benza kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, abanye kwamaphutha zihlonzwe. Ikakhulu, i-ukungafani esebenzayo izidingo radar uhlelo eyabelwe yona. Ukuze wokubuyekeza nokwenziwa ngcono iphrojekthi kwathatha isikhathi esengeziwe. Ukwethulwa umshayeli kusuka ukufakwa phansi okwenzeka ngo-November 1985. Lokhu futhi ugijimela eziningana ezalandela kwaholela ukwehluleka.

I kokuqala yimpumelelo senzeka ngo-January 1987. Nokho, ukuhlolwa kwezimiso ugibelile iye yaqhubeka. Ngaphambi kuka-1992, i-okb "Inkanyezi" nezinkampani ahlobene wachitha omunye siqala 13. Njengoba kungekho ngokugcwele asebenzayo radar uhlelo isampula, kweminsalo test ayenendawo mbumbulu yayo.

Ngenxa ngokuwa eU.SSR eziningi izinkinga zomnotho ukusebenza X-35 cishe wayeka iphrojekthi. Esikhathini kusuka 1992 kuya ku-1997 ukwakha futhi ukuhlola ingqikithi prototypes ezine. Defense imali futhi inciphise, ngakho-oda yokuqala yesakhiwo "Uran" missile nge-X-35 kwenziwa yikhasimende angaphandle.

"Uran-E"

Ngo-1994, i-Indian Navy isiyalele eziyinkimbinkimbi Russian "Uran-E". Le ncwadi "E" oznachat leyo nguqulo nalokhu kuthumela. Shipborne missile uhlelo kuhlanganisa: isiqalisi nangomcibisholo, nokuphathwa apharathasi ukuqinisekisa izinhlamvu uhlelo. It ingafakwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo imikhumbi nezikebhe. Isiqalisi siqukethe luhlaka metal eline nezinamathiselo ngokuba iziqukathi. Umklamo isikisela ukuthi i-X-35 rocket isiqalo i-engela degrees 35.

Automated uhlelo lokulawula ukuze lesiniketwe missile test umsebenzi, umsebenzi okokufaka, kanye nezinye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngesimo yebhangqa iziqukathi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukukhweza imishini kunoma iyiphi imikhumbi efanelekayo nezikebhe. Omunye yokuqukethe 15, kanye nezinye - 5 m ^2.

Ngenxa yesicelo Indian, ukuthuthukiswa namanje seziqedile futhi waqala ukukhiqizwa serial ezicitshwayo. Ngo-1996, ikhasimende izingxenye yokuqala yesakhiwo zidluliselwe ekupheleni konyaka ofanayo uqede umsebenzi zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali ezicitshwayo X-35 ngumbhubhisi ins Delhi. Esikhathini esizayo, izikhali ezinjalo Uthole imikhumbi eziningana Indian.

Ngo kowezi-2000, isimo nge izimali Armed Forces ishintshile zibe ngcono. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-2003, lesi sakhiwo "Uran" missile nge-X-35 yasayinwa futhi yamukelwa Russia.

"Ball"

Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi esifanayo ngokuthi 'Uranus "wangenela inkonzo nge Navy, kuphelile ukuthuthukiswa somhlaba Kazakhstan" Bal ", naye owayesebenza ne rocket X-35. Imisebentiluhlolo yayihlanganisa ukuqapha somhlaba bamanzi indawo futhi avikele zonke izinhlobo zosizo asolwandle. Ngenxa ezahlukene amathuba eziyinkimbinkimbi "Ball" ngesikhathi esifanele ukuthola imikhumbi kuhlasela isitha.

I ukuhamba eziphakeme eziyinkimbinkimbi kungenxa yokuthi izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko zenziwa ngendlela imishini self ezinezinjini eyakhelwe ngesisekelo MAZ-7930. The complex abakwazi asetshenziswe ibanga amakhilomitha 10 ukusuka ogwini ukuze. Imininingwane izinhlamvu umthwalo 64 ezicitshwayo wayo.

izindiza version

Maphakathi nawo-kowezi-2000 kwaholela ekwakhekeni zezindiza okufana KH-35 ezicitshwayo. inguqulo ehlukile ne isijobelelo "B" iye ezihlongozwayo ezinophephela emhlane. umehluko Its main kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa esiphakamayo. Yaklanyelwa ukuhlangabezana isivinini esiphansi endizeni. Rocket esiqaliswe kusukela izindiza, namafutha akadingi.

version compact

Ngo-2011, isiqalisi lakhiwe ngokuba KH-35, wazifihla njengendlela esitsheni 20-foot. Ngaphakathi efakwe iziqukathi ezine ezokuthutha-kwethulwa ne ejikijelwayo lonke iqoqo nemishini edingekayo ukulawula. Ayini amathemba kwale phrojekthi, ke ayikaziwa.

X-35U

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-rocket X-35 kwaba version of the X-35U, okuyinto kabili sibonga isivinini ukwethulwa imishini emisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba ngempumelelo hit isitha bekude 260 km. Konke lokhu kwenziwa sibonga injini entsha bese kabusha air eyanele isiteshi, okuvumela ukuba andise supply fuel.

Ngo-2009-ke yazalwa inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-X-35U, okuyinto uthole i Inkomba ezengeziwe "E". It wawuhloselwe ukudayiswa phesheya. Umehluko omkhulu kwaba isistimu okusalungiswa isiqondiso, futhi lokho kwenza ukuthola isukela kuze amakhilomitha 50.

abasebenzisi

Okwamanje, ezibekiweko KH-35 esixoxe namuhla, ngokuyinhloko elisetshenziswa amabutho Russia, India nase-Vietnam. Kuze kube manje, amakhulu ambalwa la kweminsalo ezakhiwa. Ngokuphathelene amakhasimende kwamanye amazwe, banesithakazelo kakhulu kule izakhiwo umkhumbi-based. Aircraft uhlelo missile "Uran" missile nge-X-35 akakabi ziphoqa phakathi abathuthi. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo yangaphandle, rocket Russian kukhotshelwe abaklami North-Korean. Uma lokhu kuyiqiniso, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi iNyakatho Korea kwenza missile futhi ukudayiswa, okusho ukuthi kungenziwa behlome ngemibese uthi ezingaphezu kuka yaziwa, ngokusho idatha esemthethweni.