APG: kwengoma. Igesi yemvelo futhi ezihambisana

Amafutha kanye negesi - izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusetshenziswa emhlabeni. A indawo ekhethekile uwoyela negesi umkhakha ithatha igesi ehambisana. Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli isisetshenziswa alisetshenziswa. Kodwa manje isimo sengqondo kule eyigugu kwemithombo yemvelo ishintshile.

Kuyini igesi ezihlobene

Lokhu igesi hydrocarbon okuyinto ukhululeka amaqula amafutha kwesigubhu futhi ngesikhathi ngokwahlukana yayo. Kuyinto ingxube vaporized hydrocarbon futhi okungezona hydrocarbon izingxenye odabuka yemvelo.

ubuningi wayo emafutheni ingase ihluke kuye ukuba cubic metres ayizinkulungwane eziningana ton efanayo.

Lapho sizuza imininingwane igesi ezihambisana kubhekwa ovela eceleni ka umkhiqizo kawoyela. Yingakho igama. Ngenxa yokushoda ingqalasizinda ezidingekile igesi ukuhlangana, ezokuthutha kanye ukucutshungulwa semali le nsiza yemvelo kulahleka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iningi igesi ezihambisana umane lwavutha.

igesi ukwakheka

igesi Ephathelene yakhiwa methane sinda hydrocarbon - .. ethane, i-butane,-propane, njll Ukwakheka igesi ezahlukene oilfields kungahluka kancane. Kwezinye izifunda ku igesi ezihambisana ingaqukatha izingxenye ze-non-hydrocarbon - nitrogen, isibabule nomoya-mpilo.

Ngidlula igesi lapho ephumela emva kuvulwa kawoyela, ebonakala ezimbalwa esindayo hydrocarbon amagesi. Okuningi "ezisinda" kangaka ku ukwakheka kwe-gas ku uwoyela ngokwawo. Ngakho-ke, uma nisanda kokuqala ukuthuthukiswa lamafutha Amasimu, njengoba umthetho, okuningi igesi ezihambisana ikhiqizwa nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu methane. Ngo ukusebenza imali, lezi zibalo kancane kancane, futhi izingxenye esindayo zakha ingxenye enkulu igesi.

Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo ezihambisana igesi petroleum: uyini umehluko

igesi Ephathelene kuqhathaniswa zemvelo iqukethe methane kancane, kodwa has a semali homologues yayo, kuhlanganise pentane futhi hexane. Omunye umehluko obalulekile - inhlanganisela yezingxenye kwesakhiwo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene lapho igesi ezihambisana ikhiqizwa. APG Ukwakheka ingahluka ngisho nezikhathi ezahlukene emkhakheni ofanayo. Ukuze uqhathanise, inhlanganisela ambalwa yezingxenye Igesi yemvelo njalo njalo. Ngakho-ke, APG ingasetshenziswa ngetinhloso letehlukene, kanye negesi yemvelo isetshenziswa kuphela njengenhlangano izinto zokusetshenziswa amandla.

Ukuthola APG

igesi Ephathelene is etholwe ukuzihlukanisa amafutha. Ngenxa yale njongo, ezinkanjini multistage nge yaba ngaphansi kwengcindezi engafani. Ngakho, ekhulwini lokuqala ngokwahlukana Niyobe Umfutho kusuka 16 kuya 30 ibha. Kuzo zonke izigaba okwalandela yokucindezela kancane kancane. Kule minyaka isinyathelo ipharamitha kuyehla kube ibha ukukhiqizwa 1.5-4. izinga lokushisa nokucindezelwa kunqunywa APG ngokwahlukana ubuchwepheshe.

Le gesi akhiqizwa esigabeni sokuqala uthunyelwa ngqo igesi processing plant. ibuphi ubunzima esingase sibhekane Omkhulu uma usebenzisa igesi nge ukucindezela ngezansi 5 ibha. Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli njalo APG kushiswe flare, kodwa muva nje ushintshe inqubomgomo igesi ukusetshenziswa. Uhulumeni uqalile ukuthuthukisa okukhuthazayo okuzonciphisa ukusongwa nokungcoliswa imvelo. Ngakho, isimo ezingeni inkomba APG omlilo ke wamiswa ngo nyaka ka-2009, lapho kumele singeqi 5% of the gas Imininingwane okuhlobene.

Isicelo APG embonini

Ngaphambili, APG hhayi esetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuthola zishiswe. Manje ososayensi ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwalesi loyimvelo futhi ibheka izindlela ukuyisebenzisa kahle.

igesi Ephathelene kabani Ukwakheka inhlanganisela-propane, i-butane ne-hydrocarbon libe nzima ngokwengeziwe, sisetshenziselwa izinto ezibalulekile eluhlaza ukuze zithole amandla futhi chemical umkhakha. APG sinenai calorific. Ngakho, ngesikhathi omlilo ke amkhulula 9 kuya kwezingu-15 kcal / imitha cubic. Ngo ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni alisetshenziswa. Qiniseka ukuthi kudingeka yokuhlanza.

Esikhathini umkhakha chemical eziqukethwe igesi ezihambisana methane futhi ethane zakhiwe epulasitikini futhi kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba. Esinda izingxenye hydrocarbon esetshenziswa njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa for ukukhiqizwa ephezulu octane fuel okufakiwe, hydrocarbon elimnandi futhi liquefied petroleum gas.

ERussia, ezingaphezu kuka-80% ekhiqizwa ezihambisana igesi akhawunti izinkampani ezinhlanu esikhiqiza uwoyela negesi: OJSC "Rosneft", OJSC "Gazpromneft", OJSC "Oil Company LUKOIL", OJSC "TNK-BP Holding", JSC "Surgutneftegaz ". Ngokusho idatha esemthethweni, izwe ngonyaka ukhiqiza cubic metres angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50 igesi ezihlobene, zazo 26% kulo mjikelezo, 47% isetshenziselwa zezimboni, futhi asele 27% is lwavutha.

Kunezimo ukuthi bengayi engabizi ukusetshenziswa okuhlobene petroleum gas njalo. Ukusetshenziswa le nsiza ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ekutheni ubukhulu ensimini. Ngakho, i-gas ekhiqizwa emikhakheni amancane, kufanele kusetjentiselwe kunika ugesi ukuze abathengi zendawo. On ezifakwa isilinganiso more kwezomnotho kukhishwe liquefied petroleum gas ngesikhathi igesi processing plant ungathengisi ngalo kuze kube umkhakha zamakhemikhali. Inketho kangcono Amasimu esikhulu ukukhiqizwa kagesi at amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuthengiswa okwalandela.

Umonakalo kusuka APG amandla omlilo

Negesi flaring zingcolisa indawo esizungezile. Emhlabeni ilangabi umphumela nokucekelwa ezishisayo, okuyinto ushaya phansi ngaphakathi endaweni engaba 10-25 amamitha kanye izimila ububanzi 50-150 amamitha. Ngo inqubo amandla omlilo awela emkhathini we-nitrogen ne-carbon monoxide, i-sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbon unburned. Ososayensi baye balinganisela ukuthi ngenxa flaring ukhiphe abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu 0.5 amathani ngonyaka carbon omnyama.

Futhi, imikhiqizo igesi omlilo bayingozi empilweni yomuntu. Ngokwezibalo, zenkampane main Russia esifundeni - yaseTyumen - abagulela ukufa ngoba abantu ezifweni eziningi kusilinganiso ezizosiza izwe lonke. Esikhathini esiningi abantu esifundeni uhlushwa pathologies zokuphefumula. Kukhona inani elikhulayo izimila, iziyaluyalu kwezitho umqondo nesimiso sezinzwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, APG imikhiqizo amandla omlilo kubangele pathologies okuyinto azibonakali nje ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile. Lezi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• ukungazali;
• kwesisu;
• izifo lezinceku;
• amasosha omzimba buthakathaka;
• izifo oncological.

APG ukusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe

Inkinga eyinhloko kabusha gas emakamu eliphezulu hydrocarbon esindayo. Ngo umkhakha uwoyela negesi lanamuhla isebenzisa eziningana ubuchwepheshe ngempumelelo, okunikeza ithuba ngcono ikhwalithi igesi nge ukususwa hydrocarbon esindayo:

1. Negesi fractioning division.
2. Adsorption ubuchwepheshe.
3. Low-lokushisa ngokuhlukana.
4. Ulwelwesi technology.

ukusetshenziswa okuhlobene igesi endleleni

Zikhona izindlela eziningi, kodwa, ngokomthetho asebenzisa ngayo abambalwa kuphela. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi indlela - yokutakula APG yokuhlala ngokuhlukana tincenye. Le nqubo kabusha ukhiqiza igesi ezomile, okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo iyafana igesi yemvelo kanye negesi yemvelo uketshezi (ngl). Le nhlanganisela ingasetshenziswa njengendlela impahla eluhlaza for petrochemistry.

Ukwehlukanisa igesi kwenzeka ngesikhathi ongaphakeme izilungiselelo lokushisa ukumuncwa futhi ukufingqa. Ngemva kokuphothulwa igesi ezomile is uthuthwa iphayiphi, futhi ithunyelwa ngl zokuwuhluza kucutshungulwe.

Eyesibili indlela ephumelelayo APG - inqubo ngebhayisikili. Le ndlela ehilela ukujova ngomjovo igesi ku kwesigubhu nokucindezelwa ukwanda. Lokhu Isixazululo evumela ukuze wandise ivolumu zokululama lwamafutha kumiswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, igesi ezihambisana ingasetshenziswa ugesi. Lokhu kuzovumela izinkampani amafutha kakhulu ukonga imali, njengoba isidingo ukuthenga ugesi kusukela ngaphandle.