Arthur Schopenhauer. Izilinganiso mayelana nendlela futhi ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), owazalwa ngo-eDanzig (ke Prussia, manje Gdansk ePoland), isazi sefilosofi esidumile Ph.D. (1813), zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe kuyinto kudideka okungaphakathi phakathi ngokuhlakanipha nangokuqonda nefilosofi. Kwase kuphele iminyaka bazama uwine ukuqashelwa okuvela emphakathini, kodwa yonke imizamo yayiyize - 2 amavolumu lokuqala imisebenzi gone cishe ngokuphelele kudoti.

Uma uyaqaphela ukuthi asikafiki ukuqonda ifilosofi yakhe. Khona-ke Schopenhauer ukhethe Indlela impohlo cishe reclusive e Frankfurt (German Confederation, manje eJalimane). izikhathi Okuhle Ngomsebenzi shopengauerskoy nefilosofi wangena post-wamavukelambuso 50 th, 18 st. Wabonakala abalandeli kanye nabafundi, futhi efundisa eyunivesithi waqala ukufunda esimisweni sakhe zefilosofi. futhi namhlanje izingcaphuno mayelana indlela yokuphila evezwe yakhe "Aphorisms of Ukuhlakanipha kwezwe," ukuvumela wonke umuntu ukuthola wena into entsha futhi ewusizo.

Nesigcino indoda

Ebhekisela tikuhlakanipha, Schopenhauer ucaphuna mayelana nendlela, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto ukuthi indlela yethu yokuphila kungafaniswa indlela ngaphandle komkhumbi. Ukudalelwa, like umoya ongasusa umuntu phambili, uma umuhle kulo, noma aphonse emuva, uma kungekhona enobungane. imizamo yabantu Ungadlala indima gay, okuyinto akudingekile e umoya onamandla.

Ngenxa yemizamo ezinkulu esingaziqondi phambili kancane ngosizo izigwedlo, kodwa banawo yokuthi isivunguvungu entsha emibi umoya akusho ulilahle kude nakakhulu. Schopenhauer, siphawula amandla inhlanhla, kusho isaga Spanish ukuthi ungakwazi aphonse ngokuphepha indodana yakho ingena olwandle, uma ngaphambili wancenga injabulo ngaye.

icala

Ukuphila komuntu kuncike esimweni, elinikeza Isiphelo sakhe. Angenza okuningi okuhle, nokubhubhisa, kungaba ingozi, futhi ngithukuthele. Through the ibonisa umsebenzi wakhe, umuntu uthi eziningi izikhathi ujabule ukuthi abangu uphuthelwe, futhi eziningi usizi, okuye kwezithandani kubo. lokuphila komuntu kuncike ezintweni ezimbili: zenzakalo ezivele zenzeke nje, futhi izenzo zethu. Thanda ukuhamba umkhumbi umgomo oyifunayo, buqamama omkhulu indoda awukwazi ncamashi unamathele enkambweni kuso, futhi ngosizo ekwenzeni kuphela uyasondela kuye. Ngokusho Schopenhauer, amabutho amabili - emicimbini engaphandle nezinqumo zethu kungukuthi esihlelwe njalo futhi ube eya ohlangothini olulodwa, kodwa umshado wabo uba ukuphila ngokuvumelana nazo.

Njengoba lesisho mayelana nendlela Schopenhauer kuholela Terence isitatimende eliqhathanisa ukuphila komuntu nge dice. Uma kungekho ithambo oyifunayo, sebenzisa lowo uwela. Uma ngiqhathanisa ukuphila kuze umdlalo we-chess, isazi sefilosofi lithi kohlelo umdlalo kudala umuntu incike uhamba abaphikisi ogama indima empilweni kudlala ukudalelwa. Futhi ingxenye uhlelo yasishintsha.

Ukuhlolwa ibanga

Njengoba isihambi kudala isithombe esiphelele umkhankaso kuze kube sekupheleni umzila, futhi abantu, kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, ukufinyelela phezulu, kungaba elibanzi nokuhlaziya izenzo zabo nokuthi aze ashiye inzalo - uthi izingcaphuno shopengauerskie. Mayelana indlela umbhali ithi nakuba umuntu ehamba, esebenza ngaphansi kusanenywe. Kuphela yi ingase ibonise ukuthi izenzo zethu kukahle. Ngakho-ke, umdali, okwenza okutholakele enkulu, noma ukudala yobuciko okungenakufa abawazi nokubaluleka kwazo, kodwa umane wenze okuthile ihlangabezana izinhloso zayo zamanje.

Ukuhlola indlela yomuntu yokuphila, Schopenhauer inika uma ziqhathaniswa indwangu efekethisiwe. Ngaphambili ohlangothini umuntu eyibona nsizwa, futhi ngaphakathi ngaphandle - kakhulu eminyakeni yokuguga. Evert alilihle, kodwa kungenzeka ukuhlola interweaving sendikimba-imigwaqo. Ukuqala ukuphila - lena umbhalo, futhi isiphetho yayo - imibono, okuyinto enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba siqonde incazelo jikelele nemininingwane.

ubuntu womuntu

Njengoba isiqondiso baphile ngenjabulo umsindo shopengauerskie izingcaphuno ngendlela yomuntu. Indlela empilweni kuxhomeke endleleni umuntu acabanga emhlabeni. Kwamanye - ligcwele futhi ngokugcwele abanye - abampofu, ezingenalutho nenhlamba. Konke umuntu aqonde futhi kwenzekani kuye, kwenzeka ngqo sisekhanda lakhe. Impilo yomuntu kungenxa izwe lakhe elingaphakathi - ukusho izingcaphuno shopengauerskie. Mayelana umgwaqo, indlela ukuthi umuntu ekhetha, isazi sefilosofi uthi futhi ixhomeke embonweni ngamunye kwangaphakathi.

Ubunjalo besintu ngokwesisekelo ukwazi ulungise umphumela imvelo bangaphandle ukuvimbela enkingeni Isibindi sakhe, ukuhlakanipha kanye zohlobo bajabule. Indlela yokuthola ukuphila okujabulisayo - okuhle, impilo umzimba nomoya.